Influência do espaçamento e poda de produção sobre a produtividade e aspectos tecnológicos do maracujá amarelo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para caracteres quantitativos em progênies de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da vaporização na madeira de Eucalyptus grandis sobre as suas propriedades químicas e resistência natural a fungos e cupins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da biodegradação das fibras de coco e de sisal visando às aplicações na indústria automotiva

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise do 'LA''CR'O IND.3' dopado com 'SR' e 'CO',preparados via reação de combustão, utilizando difração de raios X com aplicação do método de Rietveld

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influências dos ninhos de saúva (Formicidae: Attini) na nutrição, crescimento e proteção da vegetação contra o fogo, em uma floresta de transição Amazônia-Cerrado

Os ninhos de saúva são importantes perturbações naturais capazes de gerar mosaicos de determinados tipos de vegetação e afetar a estrutura e composição dos ecossistemas neotropicais. Nesse sentido, este estudo avaliou os efeitos dos ninhos de saúva (Atta spp.) na dinâmica de crescimento da vegetação de uma floresta de transição Amazônia-Cerrado submetida a um regime de incêndios periódicos, ao sul da bacia amazônica, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Especificamente, avaliou-se os efeitos dos ninhos: (1) na nutrição e crescimento da vegetação; (2) na proteção da vegetação contra o fogo e (3) na regeneração florestal pós-fogo. Para determinar tais efeitos, ninhos e vegetação associada (em um raio de até 10 m dos ninhos) estabelecidos em áreas de 150 ha da floresta de transição, foram mapeados e monitorados. Tais áreas subdivididas em parcelas de 50 ha com diferentes tratamentos: incêndios tri-anuais; incêndios anuais e proteção do fogo (controle) fazem parte do Projeto “Savanização” sob a coordenação do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambiental da Amazônia, IPAM. Os experimentos sobre os efeitos dos ninhos na nutrição e crescimento da vegetação indicaram que plantas estabelecidas próximas aos ninhos têm a absorção de nutriente facilitada e por isso apresentaram uma maior concentração foliar de Fósforo. Como conseqüência, foi registrado um maior crescimento em diâmetro do caule para estas plantas quando comparadas com aquelas distantes dos ninhos. Os ninhos funcionaram como aceiros (devido ao acúmulo de terra sobre os murundus resultante das escavações das saúvas) reduzindo a área total queimada em seu entorno, principalmente nos locais de bordas (local de maior incidência de ninhos) e protegendo a vegetação circundante da mortalidade pelo fogo. Em oposição a estes benefícios, foi constatado maior herbivoria de plântulas e remoção de sementes por saúvas nas áreas de alta densidade de colônias ativas, um resultado que compromete os estágios iniciais de sucessão florestal pós-fogo. Este estudo revela a importância das saúvas na redistribuição e reciclagem de nutrientes, e revela, pela primeira vez, a proteção da vegetação contra o fogo, por seus ninhos. Por outro lado, também mostra que perturbações antrópicas, como o fogo, aumentam as populações de saúva, o que pode tornar-se uma barreira ao sucesso da regeneração florestal pós-fogo. Com base nesse estudo, pode-se prever que ambientes naturais podem ter o crescimento da vegetação acelerado pela presença dos ninhos de saúva, mas em ambientes sob perturbação, a ação das saúvas pode ser a principal ameaça a regeneração da vegetação original. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que os efeitos (benéficos ou deletérios) das saúvas dependem do nível de perturbação ou maturidade do bioma no qual seus ninhos se estabelecem.

Situação imunológica dos profissionais de saúde de um laboratório de pesquisa em relação ao vírus da hepatite B

A Hepatite B continua sendo um sério problema de saúde pública, em particular aos trabalhadores da saúde, que têm risco aumentado de adquirir esta enfermidade, pelo contato com pacientes ou materiais infectados, na ocorrência de acidentes e, não raro, na falta de medidas preventivas. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência dos marcadores sorológicos da infecção pelo VHB, entre trabalhadores de um instituto de pesquisas, por meio de estudo descritivo e epidemiológico. Foram coletadas 528 amostras de sangue, de janeiro a abril de 2008, para análise dos marcadores sorológicos da hepatite B por técnicas imunoenzimáticas, detectando-se uma prevalência total de 39,7% para algum marcador do VHB, com 0,4% HBsAg⁺; 8,0% anti-HBc⁺/HBs⁺; 2,5% anti-HBc⁺ isolado e 28,8% anti- HBs⁺ isolado. Entre os entrevistados 31,6% eram vacinados contra a hepatite B, havendo entre esses 38,9% de indivíduos não respondedores à vacina e 80,8% suscetíveis, constituídos de indivíduos não vacinados e de não respondedores à vacinação. Esses resultados mostraram a necessidade de cumprir a Norma Regulamentadora 32, do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, que versa sobre a segurança do trabalhador em saúde.

A system for environmental monitoring of hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil

Environmental monitoring of aquatic systems is an important tool to support policy makers and environmental managers' decisions. Long-term, continuous collection of environmental data is fundamental to the understanding of an aquatic system. This paper aims to present the integrated system for environmental monitoring (SIMA), a long-term temporal series system with a web-based archive for limnological and meteorological data. The following environmental parameters are measured by SIMA: chlorophyll-a (µgL-1), water surface temperature (ºC), water column temperature by a thermistor string (ºC), turbidity (NTU), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg L-1), electric conductivity (µS cm-1), wind speed (ms-1) and direction (º), relative humidity (%), shortwave radiation (Wm-2) and barometric pressure (hPa). The data were collected in a preprogrammed time interval (1 hour) and were transmitted by satellite in quasi-real time for any user within 2500 km of the acquisition point. So far, 11 hydroelectric reservoirs are being monitored with the SIMA buoy. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an example of the temporal series of some parameters were displayed at a database with web access. However, sensor and satellite problems occurred due to the high data acquisition frequency. Sensors problems occurred due to the environmental characteristics of each aquatic system. Water quality sensors rapidly degrade in acidic waters, rendering the collected data invalid. Data is also rendered invalid when sensors become infested with periphyton. Problems occur with the satellites' reception of system data when satellites pass over the buoy antenna. However, the data transfer at some inland locations was not completed due to the satellite constellation position. Nevertheless, the integrated system of water quality and meteorological parameters is an important tool in understanding the aquatic system dynamic. It can also be used to create hydrodynamics models of the aquatic system to allow for the study of meteorological implications to the water body.

Interaction between GIS and hydrologic model: a preliminary approach using ArcHydro Framework Data Model

In different regions of Brazil, population growth and economic development can degrade water quality, compromising watershed health and human supply. Because of its ability to combine spatial and temporal data in the same environment and to create water resources management (WRM) models, the Geographical Information System (GIS) is a powerful tool for managing water resources, preventing floods and estimating water supply. This paper discusses the integration between GIS and hydrological models and presents a case study relating to the upper section of the Paraíba do Sul Basin (Sao Paulo State portion), situated in the Southeast of Brazil. The case study presented in this paper has a database suitable for the basin's dimensions, including digitized topographic maps at a 50,000 scale. From an ArcGIS®/ArcHydro Framework Data Model, a geometric network was created to produce different raster products. This first grid derived from the digital elevation model grid (DEM) is the flow direction map followed by flow accumulation, stream and catchment maps. The next steps in this research are to include the different multipurpose reservoirs situated along the Paraíba do Sul River and to incorporate rainfall time series data in ArcHydro to build a hydrologic data model within a GIS environment in order to produce a comprehensive spatial-temporal model.

Composição florística e estrutura da comunidade vegetal em diferentes fitofisionomias do Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso

The aim of this research was to analyze the composition and structure of the plant community in four phytophysiognomies at Pantanal Poconé-Mato Grosso, assuming that each sample group is a type of community, and there would be a corresponding group of species that characterize that community. We set up five plots of 50 × 50 m and subdivided each one into subplots of 10 × 10 m. In each subplot, individuals with CAP (circunference at breast height) > 10 cm were sampled. To check the structural and floristic similarity of the five vegetation types the unweighted averages grouping method was used - UPGMA, with Jaccard's coefficient and Bray-Curtis, respectively. DCA ordination of plots was used for inundation gradient analysis and TWINSPAN indicator species groups for the three strata. In the four areas 55 species belonging to 30 families were sampled. The UPMGA indicated floristic and structural differences between cambarazal, savanna types and campo de murundu and similarity between the semideciduous formations. The DCA separated the vegetation types according to the level of flooding and TWINSPAN indicated the existence of typical species for each vegetation type. In the Pantanal, some species may be restricted to certain types of vegetation, and these species can be used as indicators of the effect of flooding and possible changes in flood pulse dynamics in plant communities.

Fenologia reprodutiva e vegetativa de arbustos endêmicos de campo rupestre na Serra do Cipó, Sudeste do Brasil

The Brazilian campos rupestres (high-altitude grasslands) are very important on the world conservation scenario because of high species richness and endemism. These grasslands are regarded as threatened ecosystems due to intense, on-going disruption by man's activities. The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of six shrub species endemic to these grasslands in the Espinhaço Range, sympatric in Serra do Cipó, MG. We tested the relationship between species phenophases and local climate seasonality. We expect that the species phenophases are strongly correlated with variations of the dry and wet seasons. Observations were conducted monthly on reproductive (flowering, fruit production and dispersal) and vegetative (leaf fall and budding) phenophases. Given the combination of reproductive phenology, vegetative phenology, and seasonality, we observed four phenological strategies for the six species. Therefore this study revealed great diversity in phenological patterns, even when considering the small number of species sampled. Moreover, all species showed a significant seasonal pattern for the reproductive phenophases, with high concentrations of species reproducing during a given season, suggesting a key role of climate in defining phenological patterns in the campo rupestre grasslands.

Germinação em temperatura sub-ótima de embriões de Inga vera subsp. affinis obtidos sob diferentes condições ambientais

Physiological responses like the thermal requirements for germination may be influenced during seed formation by environmental conditions such as water availability and temperature. Here we analyzed germination of embryos of Ingavera subsp. affinis from different sources in response to various temperature regimes, including calculation of degree days and accumulated rainfall during development and maturation. Embryos were taken from ripe fruits collected on trees located in São Paulo and Minas Gerais, and were analyzed as to germination, water content and dry matter content. The results showed that the origin of the embryos was related to variation in response under sub-optimal temperatures. Depending on the origin, I.vera subsp. affinis embryos were able to germinate even at low temperatures (10 to 15 ºC), with better performance attained from 20 to 25 ºC. This variation may be associated, among other factors, to environmental conditions during maturation and to the maturation stage at seed dispersal.

Composição florística de angiospermas no carste do Alto São Francisco, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The occurence of carbonatic rocks defines a typical type of relief, called karst, that, by its geomorphology and hydrology, usually differs from the surrounding landscape. In the upper São Francisco river basin, some striking remnants of vegetation associated to karst can be found, which are locally knwon as Mata de Pains. In this region, a mosaic of different physiognomies, including forests and open areas, which present noteworthy plant diversity, composes the vegetation. The aim of this study is to provide an inventory of angiosperm species in areas of carbonatic rocks outcrops in the upper São Francisco river basin karst region, as well as analyze the floristic relationship of the study area with different Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Fieldwork was performed during the period of 2002 a 2006, when collections of fertile speciemns were done in areas associated to carbonatic rock outcrops. During the study, 1512 exsicates were incorporated to BHCB herbarium collection. A total of 456 angiosperm species were inventoried, distributed in 299 genera and 77 families. Herbaceous habit was better represented, with 161 species, followed by shrubs and trees (111 species each) and lianas (73 species). The flora of the study area presents more influence of the Mata Atlântica domain (Atlantic Rain Forest), followed by, in order of importance, Cerrado, Amazonia, Caatinga, Pantanal and Pampa. Floristic surveys in different karst regions inserted in different phytogeographic domains may, together, provide useful information in understanding the phytogeografic history of Neotropical vegetation.

Etnobotânica de Leguminosae entre agricultores agroecológicos na Floresta Atlântica, Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study describes the richness of Leguminosae used by 21 traditional farmers in coffee agroforestry systems (AFS) and forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It also presents the use categories, relative importance and the species similarity between the AFSs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, between August 2005 and November 2006, directed during random walks in seven AFSs and forest fragments surrounding the State Park of Serra do Brigadeiro. The farmers cited 59 species of Leguminosae, of which 86% are native to the Atlantic Forest and used in ancient cultural practices, such as to make bullock carts. Twelve categories of use were established, among them the most important were fertilizer and firewood (21 spp each); in the AFSs, species used for soil fertilization (18 spp) are the most utilized, and in the forest, the species for firewood and technology (17 spp.) The relative importance index showed that in the forest, Piptadenia gonoacantha showed 83% of agreement for the use as wood for fencing pastures, while in the AFSs, Inga edulis scored 100% as food. The AFSs studied show little similarity of species (0.42 of the Sorensen scale), due to the selection promoted by the farmers, thus, providing room for the conservation of useful species of Leguminosae.

Avaliação da dinâmica temporal da evaporação no reservatório de Itumbiara, GO, utilizando dados obtidos por sensoriamento remoto

The object of this work was to study the dynamics of evaporation in the Itumbiara reservoir, located in Central Brazil, using MODIS-derived water surface temperature (product MOD11A1) and meteorological data acquired over the water surface. The evaporation rates were derived from latent heat flux, estimated through a mass transfer model. The estimates were carried out for the period between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2010. The results showed that evaporation rate tends to increase from January to September and then decrease from September to December. The evaporation rate reached values near 20 mm day-1 in Itumbiara reservoir during the dry season in 2010. The mean evaporation rate for the wet season was 3.66 mm day-1 and 8.25 mm day-1 for the dry season. The total water volume evaporated from Itumbiara reservoir during 2010 was estimated at about 1.7 billion m³ (2,300 mm) which represents 10% of total reservoir volume. The results suggest that advection is the main transport mechanism which drives the evaporation in Itumbiara. The convective processes contribute secondarily to evaporation in Itumbiara reservoir.