Caille-moi ; suivi de La violence du langage comme modalité de négociation avec le réel dans la pièce Rouge gueule d’Étienne Lepage

Par la nature double de sa réflexion, le présent mémoire propose d'interroger, au théâtre contemporain, la violence dans le langage comme modalité de négociation avec le réel. D'abord par une fiction au dispositif épuré et à la langue poétique, la pièce de théâtre Caille-moi, puis par un essai sur la pièce de théâtre Rouge gueule d'Étienne Lepage, nous désirons mettre en lumière un langage désubjectivé (Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari, Pierre Ouellet) au cœur duquel la présence de l'altérité remplace une certaine aliénation. Inscrivant notre démarche à la croisée des études littéraires et théâtrales, à la suite des travaux de Marion Chénetier-Alev sur l'oralité au théâtre, nous exposons à la fois la violence faite au dispositif théâtral et aux lecteurs-spectateurs dans l'espace du théâtre rendu possible par la violence du langage. Notre réflexion se pose également dans une visée plus large, interrogeant l'inscription du théâtre in-yer-face britannique (Sarah Kane) et de ses répercussions dans le théâtre québécois contemporain, en soulignant la connaissance de la dramaturgie québécoise dont fait preuve la pièce. En ce sens, le langage inventé par le jeune dramaturge offre le contrepoint à un certain cynisme contemporain et impose un langage riche et conscient de son histoire.

Postdramatisme et esthétique de l’indécidabilité dans Cleansed et Phaedra’s Love de Sarah Kane

Face à l’opacité interprétative et la faillite du langage auxquelles nous nous heurtons dans l’analyse des œuvres-chocs de Sarah Kane, quelle approche nous permettrait de commenter exhaustivement les formes et les moyens mis en œuvre par la dramaturge pour imprimer sa marque dans l’esprit du spectateur contemporain? Le théâtre postdramatique, paradigme élaboré par Hans-Thies Lehmann, présenterait a priori un dispositif pertinent pour faire lumière sur des problématiques contemporaines cruciales en jeu dans l’œuvre de Kane. Aucunement univoque, car soumis à l’interprétation et à l’engagement du spectateur, le caractère politique des pièces, pourtant spectral, s’avère ici essentiel. Ce spectre politique se laisse percevoir à travers le prisme de la violence et la nécessité du choc semble être son parti pris pour redéfinir le rôle du théâtre dans nos sociétés modernes caractérisées par la circulation massive des images à travers les nouveaux médias. Un lien de coresponsabilité de l’artiste et du spectateur se crée: l’œuvre nous interroge, spectateur/lecteur, sur la part mystérieuse de ce fond de cruauté humaine et sur notre complicité dans l’omniprésence de la violence à travers la consommation de ses produits. Mettant en relief les caractères transgressifs venant bousculer nos affects à travers des références à la « culture d’en bas » et un exercice des limites du spectaculaire centré sur l’obscène et le détournement des codes de la pornographie, cette lecture postdramatique de Cleansed et de Phaedra’s love entend restituer à l’œuvre de Kane son énergie pour un changement qui passe par un éveil des sens.

Sarah Kane: Cool Britannia's reluctant feminist

Aleks Sierz in his important survey of mid 1990s drama has identified the plays of Sarah Kane as exemplars of what he terms ‘In-Yer Face’ theatre. Sierz argues that Kane and her contemporaries such as Mark Ravenhill and Judy Upton represent a break with the ideological concerns of the previous generation of playwrights such as Doug Lucie and Stephen Lowe, whose work was shaped through recognizable political concerns, often in direct opposition to Thatcherism. In contrast Sarah Kane and her generation have frequently been seen as literary embodiments of ‘Thatcher’s Children’, whereby following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the inertia of the Major years, their drama eschews a recognizable political position, and seems more preoccupied with the plight of individuals cut adrift from society. In the case of Sarah Kane her frequently quoted statement, ‘I have no responsibility as a woman writer because I don’t believe there’s such a thing’, has compounded this perception. Moreover, its dogmatism also echoes the infamous comments attributed to Mrs Thatcher regarding the role of the individual to society. However, this article seeks to reassess Kane’s position as a woman writer and will argue that her drama is positioned somewhere between the female playwrights who emerged after 1979 such as Sarah Daniels, Timberlake Wertenbaker and Clare McIntyre, whose drama was distinguished by overtly feminist concerns, and its subsequent breakdown, best exemplified by the brief cultural moment associated with the newly elected Blair government known as ‘Cool Britannia’. Drawing on a variety of sources, including Kane’s unpublished monologues, written while she was a student just after Mrs Thatcher left office, this paper will argue that far from being an exponent of post-feminism, Kane’s drama frequently revisits and is influenced by the generation of dramatists whose work was forged out the sharp ideological positions that characterized the 1980s and a direct consequence of Thatcherism.

'Out Vile Jelly': Sarah Kane's 'Blasted' & Shakespeare's 'King Lear'

Sarah Kane's notorious 1995 debut, Blasted, has been widely though belatedly recognized as a defining example of experiential or ‘in-yer-face’ theatre. However, Graham Saunders here argues that the best playwrights not only innovate in use of language and dramatic form, but also rewrite the classic plays of the past. He believes that too much stress has been placed on the play's radical structure and contemporary sensibility, with the effect of obscuring the influence of Shakespearean tradition on its genesis and content. He clarifies Kane's gradually dawning awareness of the influence of Shakespeare's King Lear on her work and how elements of that tragedy were rewritten in terms of dialogue, recast thematically, and reworked in terms of theatrical image. He sees Blasted as both a response to contemporary reality and an engagement with the history of drama. Graham Saunders is Senior Lecturer in Theatre Studies at the University of the West of England, Bristol, and author of the first full-length study of Kane's work: ‘Love Me or Kill Me’: Sarah Kane and the Theatre of Extremes (Manchester University Press, 2002). An earlier version of this article was given as a paper at the ‘Crucible of Cultures: Anglophone Drama at the Dawn of a New Millennium’ conference in Brussels, May 2001. Saunders is currently working on articles about Samuel Beckett and Edward Bond

Sarah Kane: Cool Britannia’s reluctant feminist

Aleks Sierz in his important survey of mid 1990s drama has identified the plays of Sarah Kane as exemplars of what he terms ‘In-Yer Face’ theatre. Sierz argues that Kane and her contemporaries such as Mark Ravenhill and Judy Upton represent a break with the ideological concerns of the previous generation of playwrights such as Doug Lucie and Stephen Lowe, whose work was shaped through recognizable political concerns, often in direct opposition to Thatcherism. In contrast Sarah Kane and her generation have frequently been seen as literary embodiments of ‘Thatcher’s Children’, whereby following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the inertia of the Major years, their drama eschews a recognizable political position, and seems more preoccupied with the plight of individuals cut adrift from society. In the case of Sarah Kane her frequently quoted statement, ‘I have no responsibility as a woman writer because I don’t believe there’s such a thing’, has compounded this perception. Moreover, its dogmatism also echoes the infamous comments attributed to Mrs Thatcher regarding the role of the individual to society. However, this article seeks to reassess Kane’s position as a woman writer and will argue that her drama is positioned somewhere between the female playwrights who emerged after 1979 such as Sarah Daniels, Timberlake Wertenbaker and Clare McIntyre, whose drama was distinguished by overtly feminist concerns, and its subsequent breakdown, best exemplified by the brief cultural moment associated with the newly elected Blair government known as ‘Cool Britannia’. Drawing on a variety of sources, including Kane’s unpublished monologues, written while she was a student just after Mrs Thatcher left office, this paper will argue that far from being an exponent of post-feminism, Kane’s drama frequently revisits and is influenced by the generation of dramatists whose work was forged out the sharp ideological positions that characterized the 1980s and a direct consequence of Thatcherism.

Los héroes han muerto : La revisión de la tragedia de Séneca en "Phaedras Love", de Sarah Kane

La literatura, como ya lo afirmaba Gérard Genette, no es nada más ni nada menos que un palimpsesto. Toda creación literaria se inscribe irremediablemente en una tradición y retoma temas o conflictos ya enunciados por otras obras anteriores. Podríamos decir que existen aspectos de la condición humana que serán revisitados una y otra vez sin caer en la repetición, que presentan aún "mucha tela por cortar" y que se resignifican en los diferentes contextos sociohistóricos en que son planteados. Los mitos griegos han sido durante siglos un material particularmente rico y explotado por diferentes autores. Es el caso del mito de Fedra, cuyo primer antecedente del que nos queda evidencia es la tragedia Hipólito de Eurípides (del siglo V a.C., de la cual existieron dos versiones pero sólo se conserva una), reescrito (siguiendo el concepto romano de aemulatio) en Fedra por el romano Séneca casi cinco siglos más tarde y del que se han producido hasta el día de hoy gran cantidad de versiones. Una de estas es la obra de Sarah Kane, Phaedra's Love. El presente trabajo es un análisis de dicha obra como ejemplo de la narrativa del teatro británico in-yer-face de finales del siglo XX. Una obra cruda que incomoda al lector espectador y echa por tierra con las instituciones, los valores enunciados y lo sagrado de las sociedades modernas

Los héroes han muerto : La revisión de la tragedia de Séneca en "Phaedras Love", de Sarah Kane

La literatura, como ya lo afirmaba Gérard Genette, no es nada más ni nada menos que un palimpsesto. Toda creación literaria se inscribe irremediablemente en una tradición y retoma temas o conflictos ya enunciados por otras obras anteriores. Podríamos decir que existen aspectos de la condición humana que serán revisitados una y otra vez sin caer en la repetición, que presentan aún "mucha tela por cortar" y que se resignifican en los diferentes contextos sociohistóricos en que son planteados. Los mitos griegos han sido durante siglos un material particularmente rico y explotado por diferentes autores. Es el caso del mito de Fedra, cuyo primer antecedente del que nos queda evidencia es la tragedia Hipólito de Eurípides (del siglo V a.C., de la cual existieron dos versiones pero sólo se conserva una), reescrito (siguiendo el concepto romano de aemulatio) en Fedra por el romano Séneca casi cinco siglos más tarde y del que se han producido hasta el día de hoy gran cantidad de versiones. Una de estas es la obra de Sarah Kane, Phaedra's Love. El presente trabajo es un análisis de dicha obra como ejemplo de la narrativa del teatro británico in-yer-face de finales del siglo XX. Una obra cruda que incomoda al lector espectador y echa por tierra con las instituciones, los valores enunciados y lo sagrado de las sociedades modernas

Los héroes han muerto : La revisión de la tragedia de Séneca en "Phaedras Love", de Sarah Kane

La literatura, como ya lo afirmaba Gérard Genette, no es nada más ni nada menos que un palimpsesto. Toda creación literaria se inscribe irremediablemente en una tradición y retoma temas o conflictos ya enunciados por otras obras anteriores. Podríamos decir que existen aspectos de la condición humana que serán revisitados una y otra vez sin caer en la repetición, que presentan aún "mucha tela por cortar" y que se resignifican en los diferentes contextos sociohistóricos en que son planteados. Los mitos griegos han sido durante siglos un material particularmente rico y explotado por diferentes autores. Es el caso del mito de Fedra, cuyo primer antecedente del que nos queda evidencia es la tragedia Hipólito de Eurípides (del siglo V a.C., de la cual existieron dos versiones pero sólo se conserva una), reescrito (siguiendo el concepto romano de aemulatio) en Fedra por el romano Séneca casi cinco siglos más tarde y del que se han producido hasta el día de hoy gran cantidad de versiones. Una de estas es la obra de Sarah Kane, Phaedra's Love. El presente trabajo es un análisis de dicha obra como ejemplo de la narrativa del teatro británico in-yer-face de finales del siglo XX. Una obra cruda que incomoda al lector espectador y echa por tierra con las instituciones, los valores enunciados y lo sagrado de las sociedades modernas

Heteroscedastic probabilistic linear discriminant analysis for manifold learning in video-based face recognition

To recognize faces in video, face appearances have been widely modeled as piece-wise local linear models which linearly approximate the smooth yet non-linear low dimensional face appearance manifolds. The choice of representations of the local models is crucial. Most of the existing methods learn each local model individually meaning that they only anticipate variations within each class. In this work, we propose to represent local models as Gaussian distributions which are learned simultaneously using the heteroscedastic probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA). Each gallery video is therefore represented as a collection of such distributions. With the PLDA, not only the within-class variations are estimated during the training, the separability between classes is also maximized leading to an improved discrimination. The heteroscedastic PLDA itself is adapted from the standard PLDA to approximate face appearance manifolds more accurately. Instead of assuming a single global within-class covariance, the heteroscedastic PLDA learns different within-class covariances specific to each local model. In the recognition phase, a probe video is matched against gallery samples through the fusion of point-to-model distances. Experiments on the Honda and MoBo datasets have shown the merit of the proposed method which achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art technique.

Quality based frame selection for face clustering in news video

Clustering identities in a broadcast video is a useful task to aid in video annotation and retrieval. Quality based frame selection is a crucial task in video face clustering, to both improve the clustering performance and reduce the computational cost. We present a frame work that selects the highest quality frames available in a video to cluster the face. This frame selection technique is based on low level and high level features (face symmetry, sharpness, contrast and brightness) to select the highest quality facial images available in a face sequence for clustering. We also consider the temporal distribution of the faces to ensure that selected faces are taken at times distributed throughout the sequence. Normalized feature scores are fused and frames with high quality scores are used in a Local Gabor Binary Pattern Histogram Sequence based face clustering system. We present a news video database to evaluate the clustering system performance. Experiments on the newly created news database show that the proposed method selects the best quality face images in the video sequence, resulting in improved clustering performance.

Temporality of the Face-to-Face in Levinas' Ethics

This thesis focuses on a connection between temporality and ethics in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. I argue that Levinas understanding of temporality is rooted in the function of pra-impression which in its turn does not belong to the intentional consciousness but reveals a subject as being open to the Other. In the face-to-face situation with the Other the pra-impression is an essential and constitutive force: it fractures the moment of the present, questions subjectivity and generates a new meaning of temporality. As a result a responsible subject is revealed; responsibility for the Other marks a latent birth of the subject which is prior to any origin of subjectivity, it discloses a meaning of time that does not belong to the subject but is found in the Other. In this study I suggest that pra-impression finds its productive force in language, the function of the feminine, and what Levinas calls the other in the same .

An experiment in group learning technology: evaluating critical thinking in face-to-face and computer-supported seminars

Can learning quality be maintained in the face of increasing class size by the use of Computer Supported Co-operative Learning (CSCL) technologies? In particular, can Computer-Mediated Communication promote critical thinking in addition to surface information transfer? We compared face-to-face seminars with asynchronous computer conferencing in the same Information Management class. From Garrison's theory of critical thinking and Henri's critical reasoning skills, we developed two ways of evaluating critical thinking: a student questionnaire and a content analysis technique. We found evidence for critical thinking in both situations, with some subtle differences in learning style. This paper provides an overview of this work.

Interactional dynamics in on-line and face-to-face peer-tutoring sessions for second language writers

This paper reports the results of a study comparing the interactional dynamics of face-to-face and on-line peer-tutoring in writing by university students in Hong Kong. Transcripts of face-to-face tutoring sessions, as well as logs of on-line sessions conducted by the same peer-tutors, were coded for speech functions using a system based on Halliday's functional-semantic view of dialogue. Results show considerable differences between the interactional dynamics in on-line and face-to-face tutoring sessions. In particular, face-to-face interactions involved more hierarchal encounters in which tutors took control of the discourse, whereas on-line interactions were more egalitarian, with clients controlling the discourse more. Differences were also found in the topics participants chose to focus on in the two modes, with issues of grammar, vocabulary, and style taking precedence in face-to-face sessions and more “global” writing concerns like content and process being discussed more in on-line sessions.

Functional imbalance of visual pathways indicates alternative face processing strategies in autism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether autistic subjects show a different pattern of neural activity than healthy individuals during processing of faces and complex patterns. METHODS: Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes accompanying visual processing of faces and complex patterns were analyzed in an autistic group (n = 7; 25.3 [6.9] years) and a control group (n = 7; 27.7 [7.8] years). RESULTS: Compared with unaffected subjects, autistic subjects demonstrated lower BOLD signals in the fusiform gyrus, most prominently during face processing, and higher signals in the more object-related medial occipital gyrus. Further signal increases in autistic subjects vs controls were found in regions highly important for visual search: the superior parietal lobule and the medial frontal gyrus, where the frontal eye fields are located. CONCLUSIONS: The cortical activation pattern during face processing indicates deficits in the face-specific regions, with higher activations in regions involved in visual search. These findings reflect different strategies for visual processing, supporting models that propose a predisposition to local rather than global modes of information processing in autism.