950 resultados para Imagem corporal na arte
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O profissional de Educação física, no contexto da AIDS, deve conceber a atividade física como um fenômeno simbólico. A carência desta concepção, pode impedir ou dificultar a sua práxis com indivíduos soropositivos e doentes de AIDS. A partir das premissas citadas anteriormente, houve a necessidade de compreender a concepção da atividade física de 43 colaboradores (23 soropositivos e 20 doentes de AIDS) que freqüentaram o Serviço de Assistência Especializada do Centro Municipal de Atendimento em Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis e AIDS de Porto Alegre, no período de novembro de 1997 a setembro de 1998. A construção teórica foi embasada na Fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty e na Hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur. O delineamento metodológico caracterizou-se por uma pesquisa num paradigma qualitativo, tipo de estudo exploratório-descritivo, coletando-se as informações através da entrevista semi-estruturada e do diário de campo e as organizando nas categorias O Mundo-Vida do Soropositivo e Doente de AIDS e A Terapia do Movimento. Na concepção dos colaboradores da pesquisa, a atividade física é indissociável do mundo-vida do soropositivo e doente de AIDS, que é caracterizado por um novo corpo e por uma nova socialidade, estigmatizada pela perda da identidade, pelo preconceito e pela discriminação. Nesse mundo, a atividade física é concebida como a terapia do movimento que preserva a vida e recupera a corporeidade, a partir da imagem corporal. Como conseqüência, existe o resgate da identidade, contribuindo para a diminuição do preconceito e da discriminação da sociedade. A realização da pesquisa proporcionou estabelecer diretrizes para orientar a práxis do profissional de Educação Física, como um agente de saúde no contexto da AIDS.
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Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica com embasamento filosófico na fenomenologia da percepção de Merleau-Ponty. Tem como propósito conhecer as concepções das mulheres sobre a terminologia relativa ao aparelho reprodutor feminino. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 10 mulheres não-gestantes, não-puérperas e não-nulíparas usuárias do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) Jenor Jarros. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi entrevista semi-estruturada no qual perguntava-se sobre o significado das palavras relativas ao aparelho reprodutor feminino, e foi construído a partir da terminologia expressa pelas usuárias do PSF Jenor Jarros recolhida das observações das consultas de enfermagem ginecológica. Surgiram 22 essências que possibilitaram à pesquisadora conhecer de que modo as mulheres concebem seu aparelho reprodutor. As mulheres, sujeitos do estudo, revelaram a íntima relação entre o sentir/perceber seus órgãos reprodutores a partir da experiência vivida com a significação dos órgãos reprodutores. O enfermeiro deve compreender e aceitar que cada mulher tem um modo de perceber seu corpo e que interagem com o mundo de forma peculiar.
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Esta dissertação trata da Corporeidade dos acadêmicos de Educação Física que cursam a disciplina de Ginástica Rítmica Fundamentos. Analisa como os acadêmicos percebem-se; as relações que estabelecem entre o pensar, o falar e o agir corporalmente; e as contribuições que a percepção do trabalho corporal oferecido por essa modalidade podem prestar ao modo de ser desses estudantes em seu cotidiano. O estudo consistiu em problematizar as questões do corpo, abarcando a importância da imagem corporal, da percepção do corpo e da influência da Ginástica Rítmica nessas relações como fonte de entendimento da corporeidade do acadêmico. O material empírico foi coletado por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: entrevista semi-estruturada (inicial e final), notas de campo, filmagem (quatro seqüências) e memoriais descritivos (ao final de cada aula e um no final do semestre). O grupo de participantes foi constituído pelos integrantes da turma de acadêmicos da ESEF/UFRGS, num total de 12, que cursavam a disciplina de Ginástica Rítmica Fundamentos. Desse grupo, cinco eram garotas e sete eram rapazes. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2003, nas dependências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, mais precisamente no Ginásio Bugre Lucena da ESEF. O estudo permitiu que as reflexões construídas nesse grupo apresentassem como resultado uma atenção e uma compreensão maiores sobre as questões corpóreas, conduzindo a um entendimento maior sobre a corporeidade desses acadêmicos e configurando uma possibilidade relevante de aprofundamento dos conhecimentos nessa área, tanto para o profissional de Educação Física como para as pessoas em geral.
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O presente estudo teve o objetivo de compreender como é a vivência das mulheres com doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e como elas se percebem no mundo, enquanto portadoras dessas doenças. Caracteriza-se como pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica, com embasamento teórico filosófico em Martin Heidegger. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres usuárias de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Porto Alegre. Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada como instrumento para coleta de dados. Dos sujeitos emergiram dados relativos à descoberta e convivência com o diagnóstico de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis; sentimentos de negação relacionados às doenças e questões de relacionamento interpessoal, destacando-se a relação afetiva sexual, com familiares e comunidade, e a relação das mulheres com os profissionais de saúde. Surgiram também questões relativas aos sinais e sintomas das DST’s que imprimem sua marca nos corpos das mulheres sujeitos do estudo. Acredita-se que os profissionais de saúde ao conhecerem e compreenderem os sentimentos e vivências das mulheres podem proporcionar um atendimento mais efetivo as mulheres portadoras de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis
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Este trabalho objetiva estudar a imagem corporal estabelecida pela cultura, mais especificamente, pela Moda, através da gênese de suas variantes, visando atingir os eixos invariantes psicoantropológicos que constituem-se nas grandes categorias lógico-generativas, as quais formam a sua estrutura subjacente constante. Visa-se estabelecer a relação entre o sistema psicológico definido pelo corpo como a entidade que ultrapassa o nível biológico e o sistema de comunicação interpessoal e social. Na interconecção do corpo e da comunicação social, surge a Moda em que a realidade corporal constitui-se em um alicerce para os signos sociais e psicológicos. Para tal, desdobrou-se o sistema de trocas da linguagem, sugerido por Levi-Strauss, em verbal e não-verbal, considerando a comunicação efetuada pela imagem corporal como modalidade da segunda. Utilizando o método estruturalista, tentou-se transpor os conceitos da linguística de Ferdinand de Saussure para o campo da imagem corporal, sincronica e diacronicamente configurada. Foi estabelecido, ainda, a respectiva principal categoria invariante, composta por eixo bipolar: a identidade e a diferenciação, semanticamente preenchidos por fatores afetivos e culturais.
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When exploring new perspectives on the impact of non-idealized vs. idealized body image in advertising, studies have focused mainly on body size, i.e., thin vs. heavy (Antioco et al., 2012; Smeesters & Mandel, 2006). Age remains largely unexplored, and the vast majority of ads in the market depict young models. The purpose of this research is therefore to investigate which images in advertisements – young or mature models – are more persuasive for older women (40+ years old). In this investigation, two studies were conducted. The first part was an exploratory analysis with a qualitative approach, which in turn helped to formulate the hypothesis tested in the subsequent experiment. The results of the in-depth interviews suggested a conflict over notions of imprisonment (need to follow beauty standards) and freedom (wish to deviate). The results of the experiment showed essentially that among older consumers, ads portraying older models were as persuasive as ads portraying younger models. Limitations and future research are discussed.
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Quando o campo é a “Praia Carioca do Pepê” e os “Usos Sociais do Corpo”, a forma de “distinção” em relação às classes sociais na construção da disposição estética, no gosto, consumo, estilo de vida e nos hábitos de classe. Através deste “estudo de campo”, procurei captar as representações que os indivíduos fazem de seus corpos na “Praia Carioca do Pepê” ao confrontar com a realidade apresentada a mim nesse espaço da praia investigado. Com isso busquei averiguar se existe um imaginário social do “corpo” e como esse imaginário aparece nesse espaço da praia.
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The aim of this study was to follow the daily routine of elderly individuals residing at the Vila Vicentina Júlia Freire (VVJF) nursing home in João Pessoa, Brazil, observing and analyzing as much as possible, the way in which they live in a group and how they deal, through personal experiences, with their own body image and with that of others. The results were obtained from information considered relevant, according to the perspectives of the residents themselves, contained in narratives of their history and related to their quality of life. Our interest lays in how they coped with changes in their bodies at old age and adapted to the challenges of this new phase. To obtain this information, with significant expressions, we used the Narrative Interview (NI) as a research tool in order to redeem their life experience and develop an understanding of their impressions about the life experience at the current nursing home. We selected, among the housed, ten subjects - actors - to appear as a sample of the group together. The design of our sample had a hybrid model, combining two types: random sample (probability) and an intentional sample (not probability). After recording transcripts and ensuring that all the subjects showed common interests that were relevant to the group, we chose three categories for analysis as follows: a. the elderly as seen by themselves and by others; b. religiosity as a moral factor; c. intimacy and relationships. Our choice was based on the importance of the theme as a multidisciplinary topic in the quality of life of populations. The subjects, chosen as spokespersons for the VVJF, spoke, among other things, about the way in which they viewed the world, their own body and how they experienced the environment and their fellow residents, in an attitude of reflection and criticism that confirms the lucidity of an old age conditioned to an elderly institution. The method allowed us to investigate our subjects from a multidisciplinary point of view. We suggest other studies in assorted areas of the human sciences, having as principle, man at the center of all our scientific questionings. The paradigm that the elder is, necessarily, unhappy in his sheltered has been, in this job, broken through the testimonies collected, establishing multiple perspectives of the analyzed subjects by their respective narrative records. Involving the participation of researchers with major in Administration, Communication and Law, this study filled, in this aspect, the requirements of the multidisciplinarity of the Program of Pos-Graduation in Health Science
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A hemiparesia consiste no déficit da força muscular, com consequente debilidade na mão e no pé, afetando um dos lados do corpo. A literatura mostra poucos estudos enfocando detalhadamente as funções cognitivas e emocionais de crianças afetadas por essa condição neurológica. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar avaliação neuropsicológica de 23 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 5 anos e 4 meses e 16 anos e 6 meses, com hemiparesia congênita e adquirida. Aplicou-se uma bateria de testes específica para avaliação de funções cognitivas superiores incluindo processos intelectuais, atenção, função perceptiva, função motora, praxias, gnosias, linguagem, memória e função visuomotora. Em relação aos aspectos emocionais, foi usado o teste do desenho da figura humana, visando-se a avaliação da percepção da imagem corporal dos pacientes. Os resultados mostraram que a hemiparesia da criança conduz a déficits em funções neuropsicológicas importantes, além de déficit motor e alterações na esfera emocional, mais precisamente aquelas relacionadas com a representação da imagem corporal. A abrangência multidisciplinar, envolvendo a neurologia pediátrica e a psicologia, engrandeceu o trabalho, referendando os resultados obtidos em todos os seus aspectos
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The pregnancy as a process in woman's life requires several biological, psychological, relational and socio-cultural changes for the preparation for motherhood. By modifying its capacity and, at the expense of these factors, it is observed that the physical, social and emotional problems experienced by women during pregnancy can affect their quality of life, especially related to health. It had as objectives of this research verifying the quality of life of women in the context of the Family Health Strategy in a municipality in Paraíba, in order to characterize the sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle habits, and obstetric care of pregnant women and to characterize the fields of quality of life of pregnant women according to the WHOQOL-bref. This is a descriptive exploratory study with cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The population consisted of 120 pregnant women in primary care in the municipality of Sousa-PB. Data collection occurred over a period of two months by the own master's degree student and two nursing students in applying a standard form about sociodemographic characteristics, and obstetric care and the WHOQOL-bref instrument. The data collected were organized into an electronic database of the Microsoft Excel application, coded, tabulated and presented in tables, charts and figures with their respective percentage distributions. Of the surveyed, the predominant were age group of 20 to 25 years, Catholic religion, with a steady partner, low education, no employment, wage income of 01 minimum wage. As for the data and obstetric care, almost all had never aborted and reported to the care received as excellent. The most frequent complaints were back pain and in lower abdomen. Regarding quality of life according to the WHOQOL-bref, dissatisfactions that predominated in the areas were in the physical pain and discomfort, sleep, rest, energy and fatigue. In the psychological domain, body image and appearance, memory, concentration and negative feelings. In the field of social relationships, sexual activity and the environment domain, the greatest dissatisfaction with facets scored: financial resources, leisure opportunities and transport. It is concluded that the quality of life of the users interviewed were deemed unsatisfactory for these facets, indicating that assistance to this target audience should be done comprehensively and holistically, in order to accommodate the affected facets to improve the quality of life pregnant women attended in primary care
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Lucid dreaming (LD) is a mental state in which the subject is aware of being dreaming while dreaming. The prevalence of LD among Europeans, North Americans and Asians is quite variable (between 26 and 92%) (Stepansky et al., 1998; Schredl & Erlacher, 2011; Yu, 2008); in Latin Americans it is yet to be investigated. Furthermore, the neural bases of LD remain controversial. Different studies have observed that LD presents power increases in the alpha frequency band (Tyson et al., 1984), in beta oscillations recorded from the parietal cortex (Holzinger et al., 2006) and in gamma rhythm recorded from the frontal cortex (Voss et al., 2009), in comparison with non-lucid dreaming. In this thesis we report epidemiological and neurophysiological investigations of LD. To investigate the epidemiology of LD (Study 1), we developed an online questionnaire about dreams that was answered by 3,427 volunteers. In this sample, 56% were women, 24% were men and 20% did not inform their gender (the median age was 25 years). A total of 76.5% of the subjects reported recalling dreams at least once a week, and about two-thirds of them reported dreaming always in the first person, i.e. when the dreamer observes the dream from within itself, not as another dream character. Dream reports typically depicted actions (93.3%), known people (92.9%), sounds/voices (78.5%), and colored images (76.3%). The oneiric content was related to plans for upcoming days (37.8%), and memories of the previous day (13.8%). Nightmares were characterized by general anxiety/fear (65.5%), feeling of being chased (48.5%), and non-painful unpleasant sensations (47.6%). With regard to LD, 77.2% of the subjects reported having experienced LD at least once in their lifetime (44.9% reported up to 10 episodes ever). LD frequency was weakly correlated with dream recall frequency (r = 0.20, p <0.001) and was higher in men (χ2=10.2, p=0.001). The control of LD was rare (29.7%) and inversely correlated with LD duration (r=-0.38, p <0.001), which is usually short: to 48.5% of the subjects, LD takes less than 1 minute. LD occurrence is mainly associated with having sleep without a fixed time to wake up (38.3%), which increases the chance of having REM sleep (REMS). LD is also associated with stress (30.1%), which increases REMS transitions into wakefulness. Overall, the data suggest that dreams and nightmares can be evolutionarily understood as a simulation of the common situations that happen in life, and that are related to our social, psychological and biological integrity. The results also indicate that LD is a relatively common experience (but not recurrent), often elusive and difficult to control, suggesting that LD is an incomplete stationary stage (or phase transition) between REMS and wake state. Moreover, despite the variability of LD prevalence among North Americans, Europeans and Asians, our data from Latin Americans strengthens the notion that LD is a general phenomenon of the human species. To further investigate the neural bases of LD (Study 2), we performed sleep recordings of 32 non-frequent lucid dreamers (sample 1) and 6 frequent lucid dreamers (sample 2). In sample 1, we applied two cognitive-behavioral techniques to induce LD: presleep LD suggestion (n=8) and light pulses applied during REMS (n=8); in a control group we made no attempt to influence dreaming (n=16). The results indicate that it is quite difficult but still possible to induce LD, since we could induce LD in a single subject, using the suggestion technique. EEG signals from this one subject exhibited alpha (7-14 Hz) bursts prior to LD. These bursts were brief (about 3s), without significant change in muscle tone, and independent of the presence of rapid eye movements. No such bursts were observed in the remaining 31 subjects. In addition, LD exhibited significantly higher occipital alpha and right temporo-parietal gamma (30-50 Hz) power, in comparison with non-lucid REMS. In sample 2, LD presented increased frontal high-gamma (50-100 Hz) power on average, in comparison with non-lucid REMS; however, this was not consistent across all subjects, being a clear phenomenon in just one subject. We also observed that four of these volunteers showed an increase in alpha rhythm power over the occipital region, immediately before or during LD. Altogether, our preliminary results suggest that LD presents neurophysiological characteristics that make it different from both waking and the typical REMS. To the extent that the right temporo-parietal and frontal regions are related to the formation of selfconsciousness and body internal image, we suggest that an increased activity in these regions during sleep may be the neurobiological mechanism underlying LD. The alpha rhythm bursts, as well as the alpha power increase over the occipital region, may represent micro-arousals, which facilitate the contact of the brain during sleep with the external environment, favoring the occurrence of LD. This also strengthens the notion that LD is an intermediary state between sleep and wakefulness
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The concern about a good physical condition is heavily present nowadays, in documentary films about health and in the media, and it is also expressed through the outstanding growth of physical academies, beauty institutes and aesthetic medicine and all kind of aesthetic surgeries. In the western world the body wave is a significant trend, characterized by the great investments in body image. However, what is overlooked is the fact that in parallel trend grows the number of teenagers, especially females, with all kind of problems related to their body image. As adolescence is a moment of transformations, teenagers tend to be more aware of their body image and often neglect food ingestion and try to build their bodies following the images they have from top models and movie stars. The low self-esteem accompanying this sort of experience is an additional problem. Therefore the research aim to analyze discourses regarding the body image produced in world wide web diaries (blogs). The blogs selection was made through the site www.blogs.com.br, which is considered the widest guide of electronic diaries in Brazil. We looked after blogs including the keyword body and from adolescents aged 10 to 19, who showed concern about a slim body. Three blogs were chosen, considering the example criteria. Discourse analysis shows that these teenagers feel unsatisfied with their bodies, searching by all means the thinness presented as a aesthetic paradigm in western societies which often implies neglecting their own health, using appetite inhibitor drugs, restricting or totally abstaining food ingestion for long periods of time, or provoking themselves vomits after ingesting food. These behaviors, together with intense fear of gaining weight, can be characterized as alimentary disorders, related to the body image. As they usually hide this sort of behaviors from family and friends who do not share this concern, the blogs seem to be an easy tool for adolescents to find peers with whom to share common values and ideas and reaffirm their identities and virtual sense of community
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Artes - IA