798 resultados para Idosos. Quedas. Prevenção. Atenção primária à saúde


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Esta obra tem como meta diagnosticar o funcionamento do Programa Saúde na Família, descortinando suas qualidades e seus problemas em um contexto de baixa urbanização e dificuldades estruturais. A escolha do objeto de estudo decorreu da adoção em ampla escala do programa, que hoje se constitui na principal estratégia para a expansão do atendimento à população por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde e está presente em praticamente todos os municípios do Brasil. Foi selecionada para a pesquisa uma pequena cidade do interior de São Paulo, com menos de quatro mil habitantes, distante de centros urbanos desenvolvidos e com baixo índice de riqueza. Com inspiração no trabalho etnográfico, a autora acompanhou de perto, durante uma semana, as atividades de equipes de unidades municipais de saúde e entrevistou seus integrantes. Os dados coletados diretamente no campo de estudo permitiram à autora analisar a realidade do Programa Saúde na Família, por meio dos conceitos de universalidade, integralidade e equidade, que norteiam a construção de serviços públicos de qualidade.

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Introduction: Physical inactivity is identified as the fourth greatest risk factor of mortality worldwide. Little is known about how physical inactivity alters the demand for use of primary health care services, and it is a subject which demands further investigation. Objective: This study aims to determine the influence that physical activity has on the demand for use of primary health care services. Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. The Rio Claro Active Health Program (SARC), studied in this research, is a partnership between the Municipal Health Foundation and Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), represented by the Nucleus of Physical Activity, Sport and Health (NAFES) department of Physical Education and coordinated by Prof. Dr. Eduardo Kokubun. The study was carried out on residents of Rio Claro of both sexes seen at SARC. To assess the influence that physical activity had on the demand of the use of health services a questionnaire was given to participants who had attended the program since 2009. This questionnaire contains questions concerning the level of physical activity, health service use, number of both blood pressure and glucose measurement takings, number of spontaneous and scheduled medical visits, number of medications taken, number of illnesses and hospitalizations, comparing the data found in the previous year and the year after the program began. An informed term of consent was used for research participants. Descriptive analysis was carried out, using frequency, mean, maximum and minimum standard deviation. Results: Active participation in The Rio Claro Active Health program has positively influenced the following variables: perception of health, uncontrolled blood pressure, did not modify the number of diseases, number of medications in general, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Integrality constitutes an important principle of the SUS, achieved through the struggles of the Brazilian health movement. It represents an expansion of the concepts of health and illness, to include the social determinants of healthcare needs. Intending to investigate the meanings of integrality reported by primary care workers, a study was developed in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo, concerning distinct technological work organization models in primary healthcare units. Among the results, the dimension of system integrality appeared with greatest frequency, according to analysis on focus groups. The workers pointed out difficulties in integration and communication between the healthcare levels, determined by selective social policies and medium/high-technology services delegated to the private market. The theoretical-philosophical framework of this study was based on cultural-historical psychology, taking into consideration the categories of work/activity, consciousness, mediation and totality.

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OBJECTIVE: to identify a profile of the main causes of inappropriate referrals from primary care to specialized services, as strategy for the curriculum development of core competencies related to maternal health. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed using document analysis of all referrals of pregnant women from primary care to the high-risk pregnancy service, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. All pregnant women referred from June to December 2014 (n = 771) were included. According to their causes the referrals were categorized as adequate, inadequate or inconclusive. RESULTS: a total of 188 referrals were classified as inadequate (24.4%) and 93 inconclusive (12.1%) totalizing 36.5% of inappropriate referrals. The main causes identified in these inappropriate referrals were: low-risk pregnancy (12.8%), unconfirmed hypertension (12.1%), risk of abortion (8.9%), teenage pregnancy (7.1%) , toxoplasmosis (5.3%), Rh incompatibility (4.6%) and urinary tract infection (4.3%). These data contributed to the formulation of the following products: 1) a continuing education program for health professionals working in primary care, undergraduate students and residents; and 2) development of a virtual platform to support professionals who need to refer patients to high-risk pregnancy service. CONCLUSION: the results of this study are relevant in the current context of education of health professionals, with potential for positively impact not only in the development of skills related to maternal health in undergraduate and graduate education, as well as contributing for improvement of the health care of the population.

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A magnitude e as modificações resultantes da epidemia de Aids no Brasil levaram o Ministério da Saúde a recomendar, a partir de 2001, a incorporação do diagnóstico sorológico da infecção pelo HIV em serviços de atenção básica da rede pública de saúde, visando a universalidade e a ampliação do acesso da população a esses exames. O processo diagnóstico, no caso da AIDS, envolve para além da simples disponibilização da testagem; cobre demandas de prevenção, profilaxia, tratamento e referências adequadas para o interior do sistema assistencial. O estudo realizado teve por objetivo investigar como vem se dando a oferta deste diagnóstico, previsto de estar acontecendo acompanhado de aconselhamento pré e pós-teste, usando como lócus um conjunto de serviços da rede básica de saúde no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Do tipo descritivo-analítico, o trabalho utilizou-se de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, realizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas com vinte e dois profissionais de saúde de diversas categorias, envolvidos nos processos de testagem anti-HIV, e com três gestores, buscando compreender como vem sendo ofertado esse cuidado em saúde. O exame do material obtido permitiu a identificação das seguintes categorias analíticas: oferta do teste na rede de atenção básica e dilemas relacionados a esse processo; ações de aconselhamento que acompanham a testagem; resultados do teste anti-HIV e dificuldades na sua comunicação aos usuários; dimensões estrutural e organizacional e gestão do processo de testagem; capacitação dos recursos humanos. Identificou-se que o processo de oferta do teste anti-HIV se circunscreve frequentemente à representação da doença e é necessária maior interlocução na relação profissional de saúde/usuário, considerando a intersubjetividade dos sujeitos envolvidos. Este processo diagnóstico demanda técnicas como apoio, acolhimento e escuta qualificada das necessidades de saúde, entendidas para além das queixas biológicas dos sujeitos, que nem sempre estão se fazendo presentes nos serviços de atenção investigados. Como desafio premente na oferta do diagnóstico anti-HIV, destaca-se que o aconselhamento deve ser uma ferramenta utilizada e reforçada no contexto dos serviços de saúde que atendem pacientes com DST/Aids. Outro desafio, além da capacitação qualificada dos recursos humanos envolvidos, é necessidade de permanente avaliação do processo de oferta que vem sendo oferecido nos serviços da rede básica, que possibilite repensar as atividades de prevenção, o acolhimento e a escuta, e o compartilhamento de idéias entre profissionais que atuam no cotidiano das unidades de saúde e os gestores locais. A pluralidade de questões no fazer em saúde exige que os serviços de saúde e seus responsáveis promovam novos arranjos para que a oferta do teste anti-HIV, como ação de saúde, seja realizada com base na humanização, na integralidade e no respeito aos direitos de cidadania, contribuindo para que a melhoria do atendimento na rede básica se concretize com qualidade.

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Este estudo tem por objeto a implantação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) na região do Médio Paraíba fluminense sob o olhar dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e dos gestores da Atenção Básica. A indagação norteadora desta pesquisa foi: em que medida o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) capta a importância do trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde? Partindo do pressuposto que o desenvolvimento do PMAQ não se dá, no concreto, de forma linear nem livre de tensões, e que o trabalho do ACS, por seu caráter de mediação, é um campo privilegiado para análise sobre essas tensões. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar a implantação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) nos municípios da região do Médio Paraíba do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tomando como eixo de análise o processo de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde. O estudo apresenta uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, através de questionários, entrevistas e grupos focais e o método de análise dos dados qualitativos foi de base interpretativa com apoio do referencial da Hermenêutica-Dialética. O campo da pesquisa foi a região do Médio Paraíba fluminense. Os resultados evidenciam que na opinião dos gestores, o PMAQ aparece como uma estratégia norteadora do processo de trabalho das equipes, que possibilita o resgate de alguns princípios da ESF, já os ACS apontam que o seu primeiro contato com o PMAQ foi fundamentado na pactuação do cumprimento de metas que resultariam no pagamento de um incentivo financeiro. Percebemos que não existe uma crítica quanto a implantação do PMAQ, nem por parte da gestão, muito menos por parte das equipes. Não encontramos nos relatos dos gestores nenhuma menção ao trabalho do ACS, sua participação e importância em todas as fases do PMAQ. Os gestores consideram que o PMAQ promoveu uma mudança positiva na forma de organização do trabalho dos ACS. Os ACS não perceberam mudanças em sua rotina a partir da implantação do PMAQ, exceto pela questão da sobrecarga de trabalho. Conclui-se que o PMAQ-AB não capta a potencialidade e o trabalho dos ACS. A participação do ACS nas fases do PMAQ é identificada somente no aspecto instrumental, ou seja, dele ser um produtor, um registrador de informações.Para os gestores o PMAQ surge como algo que abre um horizonte positivo, de maior envolvimento e retomada de alguns processos pelas EAB, mas não é assim, de fato, que a questão chega até os ACS e, por consequência, nem para as equipes.

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A integração dos serviços de saúde é atualmente um dos maiores objetivos do sistema de saúde brasileiro. A estratégia adotada pelo Ministério da Saúde para a reorganização assistencial é o fortalecimento dos Serviços de Atenção Primária como porta de entrada do sistema, por meio da introdução do Programa Saúde da Família. Uma das atribuições da Atenção Primária é o adequado encaminhamento a outros níveis de atenção quando necessário. O presente trabalho estudou as ações relacionadas à coordenação do percurso assistencial, à luz do instrumento PCAT - Primary Care Assesment Tool, criado pela Johns Hospkins, e validado no Brasil pela Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. A metodologia utilizada foi a aplicação do instrumento a informantes-chave, na totalidade de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Região Leste no município de São Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar a Dimensão Coordenação nos serviços de saúde. Foi realizada análise comparativa entre o desempenho das unidades que incorporaram a estratégia do Programa Saúde da Família e o observado nas unidades sem o programa implementado. Conclusão: Em grande parte das ações avaliadas, foram observados resultados positivos, principalmente nas ações relacionadas à existência de normas específicas preconizadas pelas esferas administrativas federal e municipal. Em relação ao desempenho das diferentes modalidades, não foram observadas diferenças relevantes. Palavras chaves: avaliação, coordenação, int

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O presente trabalho aborda o desempenho dos sistemas municipais de saúde, tendo como foco a saúde materno-infantil. Com o objetivo de apontar as possíveis fragilidades dos sistemas de saúde, especificamente daqueles em que a Atenção Primária (AP) é a principal ou exclusiva estratégia de atuação da gestão municipal, foi criado um modelo teórico de avaliação dos indicadores de saúde, denominado de ADS. Aplicado às cidades com população entre 14 mil e 35 mil habitantes, onde o sistema de saúde se baseia exclusivamente na política de AP, esse modelo foi construído por meio da técnica de consenso, com a formação de um grupo de 12 especialistas na área de saúde coletiva para definição e validação de critérios para análise dos sistemas. Testado na cidade de Iati, localizada no Agreste Meridional e distante 282 quilômetros da capital pernambucana, o ADS apontou fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos abaixo da média, além de vulnerabilidades da assistência materno-infantil que influenciam negativamente a situação de saúde do município. A avaliação verificou ainda desempenho insatisfatório no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento das crianças e gestantes por meio de consultas médicas (efetividade); assistência à criança (continuidade); cobertura de consultas em crianças e imunização de gestantes (acesso aos serviços da Atenção Primária); produtividade das ações realizadas pelos profissionais de saúde (eficiência) e capacidade de investigação dos óbitos infantis, qualidade dos registros e controle da sífilis em gestantes (vigilância à saúde). Também foi observada baixa alocação de investimentos em saúde em combinação com a carência de recursos humanos e materiais para prestar os serviços. Ao final da pesquisa, foi possível constatar a viabilidade de aplicação do modelo para planejamento das auditorias, avaliando o desempenho dos indicadores de saúde no âmbito municipal.

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Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazilian cities of the Northeast, expanding coverage, analyzing the progress, challenges and innovations. Methods: Multicentric Evaluation Research, Studies Baselines in urban centers, using as a case study method. Selected cases of Aracaju, being capital, advanced coverage with extended team, and Fortaleza, capital coverage incipient and minimal staff. In Fortaleza, purposive sample of 11 Units Primary (APS), 03 managers, 53 professionals and 109 users. In Aracaju, 09 units of APS, 02 managers, 36 professionals, and 90 users. Structured interviews for managers, and structured to professionals and users. Descriptive analysis focusing on the political and institutional dimensions, organization and comprehensive care. Results: There was consensus that the ESF is the preferred port users and acts as inducing changes in care. In the case of Fortaleza, the specificities were: care protocols and community activities aimed at chronic conditions (100%) , with greater participation of doctors and nurses (93%) ; conjunction with more complex services, but the teams reported difficulties with the examination center and experts, the long waits and poor access to local services were the main difficulties reported by users., As innovative practice, the therapeutic group of elderly caregivers mentioned by respondents; There was intersectoral initiatives and teams 87 % of users have participated in meetings about health problems. In the case of Aracaju, care protocols were directed to the lines of care and formulated locally, 85 % coverage of the population with FHS counterpart local financing; employees hired by public tender; 70 % of teams with expertise in public health center for continuing education acting; democratization in management; access technologies, welcoming and computerization in different integrated networks, and evaluation matrix. Conclusions: The ESF has promoted access to health care and inclusion of disadvantaged populations. Different perceptions and practices in the organization of care, with distinct trajectories of reorganization. In the case of Fortaleza, predominance of model programs valuing older, with evidence of advances in care practices and teamwork, but restricted to primary care practices and incipient in public policy perspective. In Aracaju, had network integration with technologies related to the family, in which the ESF is consolidated as public policy. It can be argued that the XII APS expanding coverage, exhibited efficacy, despite the challenges inherent to the different degrees of implementation

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This study had as objective to identify to the perception of mothers and professionals of health on the attention to the health of HIV-Positive children/adolescents in the city of Natal-RN. It is a descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative and qualitative approach, carried through in the Giselda Trigueiro Hospital and in the State and Municipal Health Councils in Natal - RN, from march to december of 2005. The sample was composed by 56 participants, 33 mothers of children who use specialized assistance and 23 professionals. Data collection occurred with the application of a half-structuralized interview. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and qualitative data were submitted to content analysis. Prevailing categories in relation to the cartography of the attention to seropositive children and adolescents in Natal were: Organization and dynamics of the attention; Institutional management and human development; Control and prevention; other contexts of attention; relationship/communication team-patient and organization and functioning of the services. The profile epidemiologist of the children, adolescents and of the people/mothers, who take care of them with HIV/Aids, followed the evolution of the epidemic in the country and the world. It was verified that mothers need care and information; however they make a positive evaluation of the attendance they receive. It was also observed many gaps in the services of assistance, in which the researched group was attended, beyond imperfections in the communication between health professionals and users. The professionals recognize the advances that the politics represent for the assistance of people with Aids; however feel themselves limited by the precariousness of the system and the partner-economic conditions of the people. According to these data, it can be verified great challenges to go through in the context of integrality of the assistance to HIV positive children and adolescents in the city of Natal and in the improvement of the communication in the institution of reference

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Alma-Ata declaration bring the Primary Attention to the Health (PAH) as first level of health attention for individuals, family and community, which considers infant group as priority. Several initiatives that gave bases to integral attention to the children health formalized in the principles of Unique Health System. Family Health Strategy (FHS) comes to strengthen this attention, instituting new ways of work organization and professional practices that gave impact in their quality indicators. One of them is children mortality, showing decline in their values. Though, studies indicates persistence of avoidable infant deaths. In Natal RN, this reality is also perceptible leading to inquietudes, mainly at the space of services production, it means, which motivated the accomplishment of the present study intending to analyse the way that the organizational and structural processes as long as the professional practices in FHS interfered in the quality of children s health attention who died by avoidable death in the year of 2007 in municipal district of Natal-RN. It treats, therefore, to an exploratory and descriptive survey of cases study type, thar had as primary sources the oficial documents of MH, the family prontuary, pregnant card, child card and testimony obt ined from instrument of research elaborated based in investigation form of infant death by MH, applied to 10 mothers of children who had avoidable death. In analysis it was appealed silmultaneous triangulation of methods and sources, allowing a bigger aproximation from obtained informations. To elucidate the cases, the aspects studied were analyzed to the light of explicative model of Social Determinants of Health. Among individual and family aspects were highlighted the related to age, schooling, family habits and customs and mother s economic condition, besides of pregnancy age, newborn weight and associated diseases, which don t differ from literature about the theme. Reffering to the factors organizational and structural processes and professionals practice, highlihgted, the treatment given by the professionals, the territorialization and adscription of areas, the difficulty of having access to the services or sleepers and the reference and counterreference. But also, the ausence or few greet, the lack of communication, few assiduity and ponctuality by professionals in service, among others. In a general way mothers considers the attendance received in the hospital good and very good , opnions that in the Basic Attention weren t so favorable, in spite of many of predictible actions in this level have been performed in the studied cases. It is observed, therefore, that the social determinants of health has a strong influence in ocurrence of infant deaths, what implicates in a large actuation by Infant Mortality Committee from municipal district. This way, it becomes fundamental the reflection and evaluation about the effectiveness and execution by the processes of vigilance to health in FHUs; the rethink about the social determinants of health in a wide and articulate way to the services quality, to permanent education, to management in service, to the given attention and to the way how it is installed the popular participation and social control. To the professionals it is presented the great challenge to review their daily practice, their values, behaviors and commitment, which ones must be guided by logical of sharing, work in team, humanescence and alterity, not only by the accomplishment of a professional duty

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The Family Health Strategy (ESF) is emerging as a possible restructuring of services and new practices of intervention in health care; it requires skilled professionals to work with that framework. Within this purpose, we established the Education Programme for Work and Health (PET-Saúde), in order to integrate teaching and service activities, focusing on primary care. On this basis, the aim of this work is to apprehend the social representation of nurse, doctor and dentist (Project PET-Natal Health RN preceptors) on the ESF, while practice field of them. It is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in 07 Family Health Units (USF) included in the PET-Saúde Natal (RN). The population was composed of 35 professional components of the primary care team with bachelor's degree of the USF linked to this project. The sample was composed of 05 nurses, 05 physicians and 05 dentists, for a total of 15 subjects. Data were collected through three instruments: the drawing-themed story, a semi-structured individual interviews and field diary. The data relating to the identification of the subjects were entered and tabulated by the Microsoft Excel software 2007 version. The drawing analysis and interpretation is given by the significance attributed to the resource chart from title and keywords assigned by the subjects, considering the ESF as an inductive term. The stories and interviews were transcribed and typed and then subjected to read/listen the material and a lexical analysis through Alceste. After this process, the discursive material was analyzed and discussed by theoretical and methodological feature of the Social Representations theory. The majority of health professionals were female, aged between 46 and 52 years old, married, income less than six minimum wage, time since graduation ranged from 22 to 29 years and working time in the ESF range from 02 to 11 years. From the classification system ALCESTE were selected categories identified by: Category 1 - ESF: relations and territory; Category 2 - Training and bond profile; Category 3 - Working process in the ESF; Category 4 - Articulation between teaching and service; Category 5 - Health care and disease prevention. The representational field construction, while a process, followed the logic of structural cores in existing categories. In this sense, it is clear that the ESF is an environment rich in diversity, experience and relationships with potential such as the relationship "very subject-subject" and the link established between professional-community, but also has some weaknesses such as poor working conditions, lack of popular participation and management support, thus difficulties in the achievement of teamwork. Being essential to that end, the teaching-service aimed at the formation of a new health professional able to work in the ESF. In this research, the training of the representational field encountered a diversity of structural cores, or thoughts on training, about the ESF because of the greater emphasis on the here and now of the interaction between health professionals, the ESF, the community, PET Health-UFRN and students, emphasizing that such proposals are still considered as concepts in the context of recent health and that, therefore, are not fully realized in the social imaginary