202 resultados para IUCN


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Orthophytum is a bromeliad genus restricted to Brazil with records for the states of Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais. The genus is usually divided in two informal groups based on the presence or absence of a peduncle. This paper presents a taxonomic revision of the 12 species in the group with sessile inflorescences and descriptions of the genus and species, nomenclatural and ecological notes, as well as illustrations are provided. The new species Orthophytum ulei is described. The conservation status for each species is evaluated using the World Conservation Union (IUCN) criteria.

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We describe the advertisement call, tadpole, karyotype, and additional information on the natural history of Cycloramphus lutzorum from southern Brazil. Sonograms were generated from digitally recorded calls. Tadpoles were collected in the field for description in the lab, and an adult was collected for karyotyping. Data on seasonal activity were gathered monthly from November 2005 to November 2007. All tadpoles (N = 21), juveniles (N = 18), and adults (N = 52) were found exclusively in streams. Reproduction, as identified by calling frogs, occurred from July through November. Frogs call all day long, but mostly at dusk, from rock crevices inside the stream edges near the splash zone. The call is short and loud, with 11 pulsed notes, of 491-641 ms, with a dominant frequency of 0.98-1.39 kHz. We describe the exotrophic and semiterrestrial tadpoles, always found in constantly humid vertical rock walls in the stream. Tadpoles of C. lutzorum are recognized by differences in labial tooth row formula, eye diameter, body shape, position of nares, and development of tail. Like congeneric species, the karyotype of C. lutzorum comprises 26 metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Cycloramphus lutzorum is restricted to and adapted for living in fast flowing streams, many of which are threatened by deforestation, pollution, and habitat loss. Therefore, we recommend the status of C. lutzorum be changed from its current ""Data Deficient"" to ""Near Threatened (NT)"" in the IUCN species red list.

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Avicularia diversipes (C. L. Koch 1842) known previously only from its original description is redescribed along with Avicularia sooretama sp. nov. and Avicularia gamba sp. nov. The three species are endemic to Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. With other Avicularia species, they share a procurved anterior eye row, slender embolus and medially folded spermathecae, whereas they have unusual characters, such as a very long and spiraled embolus (A. diversipes) and spermathecae with multilobular apex (A. sooretama sp. nov.). Furthermore, the three species lack a tibial apophysis in males and share a distinctive color pattern ontogeny that is not known in any other Avicularia species. The conservation status of the three species is discussed, especially with respect to endemism, illegal trafficking and habitat destruction. The creation of protected areas in southern State of Bahia, Brazil, is recommended, as well as the inclusion of these species in IUCN and CITES lists. Appendices with figures and species information are presented to facilitate correct specimen identification by custom officers, in order to limit illegal traffic.

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A new species of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) from Rio de Janeiro State, in southwestern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new Rhipsalis aurea is circumscribed in the subgenus Eryhtrorhipsalis and is morphologically most similar to R. pulchra Loefgr., but is distinct by the smaller, suberect habit, smaller secondary stem segments of determinated growth, golden yellow flowers, depressed-globose fruit, and epidermis and pollen grain features. Following the IUCN criteria this new species is vulnerable due to its restricted area of occurrence and reduction of the quality of habitat observed in the present and projected for the future. A taxonomic key to the subgenus Erythrorhipsalis is included.

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A participação de atores sociais na governabilidade e na aplicabilidade de políticas públicas no Brasil é tema recorrente em debates da gestão pública (SANTANA, 2011; TENÓRIO, 2002; NASCIMENTO, 1967), e tem sido defendida por organismos de defesa da sustentabilidade e da preservação ambiental como elemento imprescindível para a gestão de territórios naturais (VAN DE KERKHOF, 2006; UICN, 2011; HOCKINGS ET AL, 2006; BRASIL, 2013; ERVIN, 2003a; BRASIL, 2002; 2014). Para a política ambiental em vigência no Brasil, os conselhos gestores de políticas públicas, tradicionais espaços de consulta e controle social das políticas públicas, encontram-se legalmente institucionalizados como fóruns para garantir a participação de atores sociais na gestão das chamadas unidades de conservação, as UCs (BRASIL, 2000; 2002). Entretanto, o respaldo institucional não se traduz por si só em participação social na gestão destes territórios e o cenário é o de um grau reduzido de conselhos gestores em atividade. O presente trabalho assumiu o desafio de identificar os aspectos que caracterizam a efetividade dos conselhos gestores em sua atuação, sob a perspectiva dos atores que integram estes espaços. Para tanto, foi aplicada uma metodologia de caráter exploratório, adotando-se métodos de análise qualitativa a partir da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. Com o apoio de especialistas em gestão socioambiental, identificou-se conselhos gestores apontados como referências por sua efetividade. E, a partir da perspectiva de especialistas e dos atores que integram tais conselhos gestores em atividade (stakeholders), foi possível compreender variáveis determinantes e fatores como instrumentos e dinâmicas que contribuem para uma atuação efetiva. Concluiu-se que o arcabouço legal e institucional que respalda a existência dos conselhos em unidades de conservação é significativo ao favorecer o envolvimento da sociedade civil, organizações sem fins lucrativos e poder público na gestão de áreas naturais, mas não se traduz por si só em conselhos gestores autônomos e em atividade como fóruns de consulta ou deliberação de questões de interesse para a gestão. Sob a ótica dos stakeholders, a efetividade engloba tanto as ações que geram resultados para a preservação e para o manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais quanto a própria capacidade de existir como um fórum legítimo de debates e de participação social local.

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The marine turtles biological characteristics and the impact they have been suffering in consequence of human activities have caused in the last decades the decrease of populations to unsustainable levels. All four of the species described in this paper are registered as endangered in a list by IUCN: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea. The main causes of such impact include several fishing activities, mostly the surface longline. This paper discusses the monitoring of two foreigner longline fleet along the North East Brazilian coast between October of 2004 and September of 2005. Both operated in the West South Atlantic, one using the Chinese technique and the other the American. The American method s target species is the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and it is characterized by using squid as bait, J 9/0 offset 5º hook, light sticks and night soaking. It also operates in shallower waters than the Chinese method. The source of information about the efforts and the catches came from onboard observers and were used to calculate the catching rate of turtles over 1000 hooks (CPUE). The American equipment caught more turtles (CPUE = 0,059; N= 103), mainly D. coriacea, while the Chinese longline caught mainly the L. olivacea and presented a CPUE= 0,018 (N= 89). The hooks were most frequently found attached to the mouth of C. caretta, C. mydas, and L. olivacea. The D. coriacea were most frequently caught by hooks externally attached to different parts of their body. There was no significant difference between the hook type catching and most turtles were still alive when released. The results suggest a greater potential of turtle catching by the American method. Besides the statistic tests have showed less interaction between the Chinese equipment and marine turtles, the catches of this fishing technique could have been underestimated due to miscommunication between the onboard observer and the vessel s crew plus the retrieve of the longline during night time

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The golden-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) is an endemic species inhabiting stream-side habitats in mountainous areas in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. This salamandrid is listed in the IUCN Red Data Book as a threatened species. The combination of bioclimatic modeling of the species distribution and multivariate analysis of genetic and phenotypic data strengthens previous hypotheses concerning the historical biogeography of C. lusitanica: the Pleistocene subdivision of the species' range and a process of postglacial recolonization. Discrepancies between bioclimatic modeling predictions and the present-day distribution suggest that the species may still be expanding its range northwards. We propose the identification of two distinct units for the conservation of the species and suggest that this information should be taken into account in defining key areas for conservation in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)