A produção imobiliária e a reestruturação das cidades médias: Londrina e Maringá/PR

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

THE CONQUEST OF CENTRAL BRAZIL: FRONTIERS AND FRONTS PIONEERING IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

The process of territorial formation in Brazil is examined in this paper in order to establish, through a study that favors more interior region of Portuguese America, a suitable analytical arsenal geohistorica an interpretation of the built legacy of colonial Lusitanian action on American soil. Thus, it is expected to recover some aspects not yet addressed conclusively by the specialized literature, the importance of colonial territorial nexus in the construction and maintenance of the substrate material on which the new politically independent state would claim jurisdiction after 1822. Through the examination of so-called western border, articulated through the contacts held between the cities network of Goias and the strong, prisons, villages and towns planned in Mato Grosso, outline an interpretation of regional dynamics in the moments preceding the running of the Brazilian political emancipation.

L'Occidente di Elisée Reclus: l'invenzione dell'Europa nella Nouvelle Géographie Universelle (1876-1894)

La Nouvelle Géographie Universelle di Élisée Reclus relativizza e problematizza il ruolo dell’Europa e il suo peso nello scacchiere mondiale, restando tuttavia in equilibrio fra, da una parte, la critica delle pratiche coloniali e dall’altra la fiducia nei confronti della tradizione culturale proveniente dall’antica Grecia e dal secolo de Lumi destinata, nella visione evoluzionista dell’autore, a spargere negli altri continenti i germi del pensiero socialista e anarchico. In questo lavoro si cerca di chiarire questa rappresentazione dei concetti di Europa e Occidente in tre passaggi successivi. Dapprima, la ricostruzione della genealogia, della teoria e del contesto storico del concetto di geografia universale all’epoca. Poi, la ricostruzione dalle fonti di archivio delle reti scientifiche di respiro europeo che sono state alla base di quest’opera, indispensabile per poterne comprendere il significato politico nel contesto dell’epoca. Infine, l’indagine sul testo per ricostruire ruolo, caratteri e suddivisione dell’Europa, che si rivela, nonostante la serrata critica del suo ruolo colonizzatore, come il privilegiato laboratorio individuato dai “geografi anarchici” per lo sviluppo delle lotte sociali e per la costruzione, su basi anche geografiche, di una proposta politica federalista e libertaria.

Aproximaciones comparativas sobre los talleres metalúrgicos para la vitivinicultura moderna. Los pioneros Antonio Baldé, Gil Miret y Carlos Berri en Mendoza

Este trabajo propone una comparación entre las características principales de los dos talleres metalúrgicos pioneros en la producción de instrumentos y equipamiento para bodegas y destilerías industriales, en los comienzos de la vitivinicultura moderna en Mendoza. Los socios catalanes Antonio Baldé y Gil Miret comenzaron en 1885 y el italiano Carlos Berri en 1888. Se presenta un panorama general sobre el equipamiento de los talleres y los objetos que producían, las características de la mano de obra, la formación metalúrgica de los propietarios, la inserción de las dos firmas en la región, una referencia a otras actividades económicas desarrolladas por los empresarios y algunas cuestiones complementarias.

Aproximaciones comparativas sobre los talleres metalúrgicos para la vitivinicultura moderna. Los pioneros Antonio Baldé, Gil Miret y Carlos Berri en Mendoza

Este trabajo propone una comparación entre las características principales de los dos talleres metalúrgicos pioneros en la producción de instrumentos y equipamiento para bodegas y destilerías industriales, en los comienzos de la vitivinicultura moderna en Mendoza. Los socios catalanes Antonio Baldé y Gil Miret comenzaron en 1885 y el italiano Carlos Berri en 1888. Se presenta un panorama general sobre el equipamiento de los talleres y los objetos que producían, las características de la mano de obra, la formación metalúrgica de los propietarios, la inserción de las dos firmas en la región, una referencia a otras actividades económicas desarrolladas por los empresarios y algunas cuestiones complementarias.

Aproximaciones comparativas sobre los talleres metalúrgicos para la vitivinicultura moderna. Los pioneros Antonio Baldé, Gil Miret y Carlos Berri en Mendoza

Este trabajo propone una comparación entre las características principales de los dos talleres metalúrgicos pioneros en la producción de instrumentos y equipamiento para bodegas y destilerías industriales, en los comienzos de la vitivinicultura moderna en Mendoza. Los socios catalanes Antonio Baldé y Gil Miret comenzaron en 1885 y el italiano Carlos Berri en 1888. Se presenta un panorama general sobre el equipamiento de los talleres y los objetos que producían, las características de la mano de obra, la formación metalúrgica de los propietarios, la inserción de las dos firmas en la región, una referencia a otras actividades económicas desarrolladas por los empresarios y algunas cuestiones complementarias.

Territory and the governmentalisation of social reproduction: parliamentary enclosure and spatial rationalities in the transition from feudalism to capitalism

Recent applications of Foucauldian categories in geography, spatial history and the history of town planning have opened up interesting new perspectives, with respect to both the evolution of spatial knowledge and the genealogy of territorial techniques and their relation to larger socio-political projects, that would be enriched if combined with other discursive traditions. This article proposes to conceptualise English parliamentary enclosureea favourite episode for Marxist historiography, frequently read in a strictly materialist fashioneas a precedent of a new form of sociospatial governmentality, a political technology that inaugurates a strategic manipulation of territory for social change on the threshold between feudal and capitalist spatial rationalities. I analyse the sociospatial dimensions of parliamentary enclosure’s technical and legal innovations and compare them to the forms of communal self-regulation of land use customs and everyday regionalisations that preceded it. Through a systematic, replicable mechanism of reterritorialisation, enclosure acts normalised spatial regulations, blurred regional differences in the social organisation of agriculture and erased the modes of autonomous social reproduction linked to common land. Their exercise of dispossession of material resources, social capital and community representations is interpreted therefore as an inaugural logic that would pervade the emergent spatial rationality later known as planning.

Territory and the governmentalisation of social reproduction: parliamentary enclosure and spatial rationalities in the transition from feudalism to capitalism

Recent applications of Foucauldian categories in geography, spatial history and the history of town planning have opened up interesting new perspectives, with respect to both the evolution of spatial knowledge and the genealogy of territorial techniques and their relation to larger socio-political projects, that would be enriched if combined with other discursive traditions. This article proposes to conceptualise English parliamentary enclosureea favourite episode for Marxist historiography, frequently read in a strictly materialist fashioneas a precedent of a new form of sociospatial governmentality, a political technology that inaugurates a strategic manipulation of territory for social change on the threshold between feudal and capitalist spatial rationalities. I analyse the sociospatial dimensions of parliamentary enclosure’s technical and legal innovations and compare them to the forms of communal self-regulation of land use customs and everyday regionalisations that preceded it. Through a systematic, replicable mechanism of reterritorialisation, enclosure acts normalised spatial regulations, blurred regional differences in the social organisation of agriculture and erased the modes of autonomous social reproduction linked to common land. Their exercise of dispossession of material resources, social capital and community representations is interpreted therefore as an inaugural logic that would pervade the emergent spatial rationality later known as planning.

Plant biology in the future

In the beginning of modern plant biology, plant biologists followed a simple model for their science. This model included important branches of plant biology known then. Of course, plants had to be identified and classified first. Thus, there was much work on taxonomy, genetics, and physiology. Ecology and evolution were approached implicitly, rather than explicitly, through paleobotany, taxonomy, morphology, and historical geography. However, the burgeoning explosion of knowledge and great advances in molecular biology, e.g., to the extent that genes for specific traits can be added (or deleted) at will, have created a revolution in the study of plants. Genomics in agriculture has made it possible to address many important issues in crop production by the identification and manipulation of genes in crop plants. The current model of plant study differs from the previous one in that it places greater emphasis on developmental controls and on evolution by differential fitness. In a rapidly changing environment, the current model also explicitly considers the phenotypic variation among individuals on which selection operates. These are calls for the unity of science. In fact, the proponents of “Complexity Theory” think there are common algorithms describing all levels of organization, from atoms all the way to the structure of the universe, and that when these are discovered, the issue of scaling will be greatly simplified! Plant biology must seriously contribute to, among other things, meeting the nutritional needs of the human population. This challenge constitutes a key part of the backdrop against which future evolution will occur. Genetic engineering technologies are and will continue to be an important component of agriculture; however, we must consider the evolutionary implications of these new technologies. Meeting these demands requires drastic changes in the undergraduate curriculum. Students of biology should be trained in molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystem biology, including all living organisms.

Memoria, iconografía y paisaje: a propósito del uso de la fotografía como fuente geográfica

La memoria es una facultad humana de inequívoca importancia en el manejo de los conocimientos. Los localiza temporal y espacialmente y deviene un factor esencial de nuestro reconocimiento, tanto individual como socialmente: “memoria personal versus memoria colectiva”. a) Una de las opciones metodológicas de la Geografía, la llamada “histórica”, en la que este trabajo se inserta, procesa las distintas fuentes y datos del pasado para alcanzar explicaciones del presente. b) De entre ellas, la fotografía ha alcanzado un valor relevante especialmente en el análisis de procesos de cambios paisajísticos veloces, los que es posible disponer de “series fotográficas” capaces de fijar el proceso en imágenes, trasuntos fieles de la realidad. c) Desde esas perspectivas metodológicas, se presente el estudio de un caso: la orilla del Guadalquivir por Coria del Río (Sevilla).La memoria es una facultad humana de inequívoca importancia en el manejo de los conocimientos. Los localiza temporal y espacialmente y deviene un factor esencial de nuestro reconocimiento, tanto individual como socialmente: “memoria personal versus memoria colectiva”. a) Una de las opciones metodológicas de la Geografía, la llamada “histórica”, en la que este trabajo se inserta, procesa las distintas fuentes y datos del pasado para alcanzar explicaciones del presente. b) De entre ellas, la fotografía ha alcanzado un valor relevante especialmente en el análisis de procesos de cambios paisajísticos veloces, los que es posible disponer de “series fotográficas” capaces de fijar el proceso en imágenes, trasuntos fieles de la realidad. c) Desde esas perspectivas metodológicas, se presente el estudio de un caso: la orilla del Guadalquivir por Coria del Río (Sevilla).

Maine, 1798 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1798 map of Maine drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

New Hampshire, 1796 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1796 map of New Hampshire drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

Vermont, 1796 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1796 map of Vermont drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

Massachusetts, 1797 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1797 map of Massachusetts drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

Rhode Island, 1797 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1797 map of Rhode Island drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.