The public buildings of the city of London described /

Signatures : B-R⁸, S².

State of Wisconsin Office Building, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 1981-1983

[Conceptual Sketches], untitled. Blue ink sketches on two pages of letter from William Schuman, Chairman, The MacDowell Colony, including Gunnar Birkerts' notation, "Dinner Tom Bu" [Buechner, Director of Corning Museum of Glass], 8 1/2 x 11 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

State of Wisconsin Office Building, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 1981-1983

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Blue ink sketch on shirt cardboard, 8x14 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

State of Wisconsin Office Building, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 1981-1983

[Conceptual Sketches], untitled. Blue ink sketches on tracing paper, 21 x 24 1/2 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Sustainability Evaluation of Green Building Certification Systems

The attention on green building is driven by the desire to reduce a building’s running cost over its entire life cycle. However, with the use of sustainable technologies and more environmentally friendly products in the building sector, the construction industry contributes significantly to sustainable actions of our society. Different certification systems have entered the market with the aim to measure a building’s sustainability. However, each system uses its own set of criteria for the purpose of rating. The primary goal of this study is to identify a comprehensive set of criteria for the measurement of building sustainability, and therefore to facilitate the comparison of existing rating methods. The collection and analysis of the criteria, identified through a comprehensive literature review, has led to the establishment of two additional categories besides the 3 pillars of sustainability. The comparative analyses presented in this thesis reveal strengths and weaknesses of the chosen green building certification systems - LEED, BREEAM, and DGNB.

Toxicological assessment of novel green biocides for cultural heritage.

The damaging of buildings and monuments by biological contamination is a cause of serious concern. Biocides based on chemical toxic compounds have been used to mitigate this problem. However, in the past decade many of the most effective biocides have been banned due to their environmental and health hazards. Therefore, proper remediation actions for microbiologically contaminated historic materials based on environmentally safe solution is of vital importance. Bacillus species are emerging as a promising alternative for built heritage treatment. They produce a great diversity of secondary metabolites with biological activity, well known to possess antagonistic activities against many fungal pathogens. In order to evaluate the antifungal activity of the novel biocides produced in our laboratory by cultures of selected bacterial strains, liquid interaction assays using four biodeteriogenic fungi were achieved, revealing a nearly 100% of inhibitory capacity to fungal proliferation. To confirm their effective safe toxicological properties, in vivo tests using two different biological models were performed. The lyophilized supernatant of the Bacillus culture broth showed no lethality against brine shrimp and also no toxicological effects in Swiss mice through administration of acute dose of 5000 mg/kg by oral gavage. In fact, the bioactive compounds were no lethal at the tested dose unlike Preventol® (commercial biocide) that induced acute toxicity with 10 times minor concentration dose administrated in the same conditions. Therefore, the new bioactive compounds that suppress growth of biodeteriogenic fungi on historical artworks, presenting at the same time no toxicity against other living organisms, constituting an efficient and green safe solution for biodegradation/biodeterioration treatment of Cultural Heritage.