Portraits of friends,

John Campbell Shairp. By William Young Sellars.--Thomas Erskine.--George Edward Lynch Cotton.--Dr. John Brown.--Norman Macleod.--John Macleod Campbell.--John Mackintosh of Geddes.--Arthur Hugh Clough.

Biology of the foxglove aphid in the Northeastern United States /

Cover title.

Matthaei Botanical Garden of the University of Michigan

Planting in the Tropical House of the Conservatory. Matthaei Botanical Gardens is located on Dixboro Road east of U.S. 23, accessible from Geddes or Plymouth Road interchanges.

Matthaei Botanical Garden of the University of Michigan

View across Willow Pond with building-greenhouse complex in the background. Matthaei Botanical Gardens is located on Dixboro Road east of U.S. 23, accessible from Geddes or Plymouth Road interchanges.

Matthaei Botanical Garden of the University of Michigan

View across Willow Pond in autumn. Matthaei Botanical Gardens is located on Dixboro Road east of U.S. 23, accessible from Geddes or Plymouth Road interchanges.

Matthaei Botanical Garden of the University of Michigan

Located on Dixboro Road east of U.S. 23, accessible from Geddes or Plymouth Road interchanges, Matthaei Botanical Gardens is a facility for teaching and research in plant sciences at the University of Michigan. Grounds, nature trails and Conservatory open to public.

School of Nursing Class of 1968

Top Row: C. Arft, B. Baker, J. Balmer, M. Bassett, C. Beach, C. Becker, L. Berli, K. Bishop, P. Brigham, L. Brooks, K. Bruce, T. Burkett, J. Calland, T. Calnicean, C. Carnevale

Row 2: M. Caspersen, B. Christman, G. Christman, A. Comins, C. Conklin, E. Conklin, C. Conlin, P. Conway, D. Cox, M. Crabtree

Row 3: M. Craig, B. Cutler, N. Cutter, J. Kaboyashi, S. Golden, L. Davis, D. Davis, D. Dayton

Row 4: K. Dekoker, C. Dick, J. Fenner, J. Feuerstein, S. FIllhart, F. Hartman, J. Goodad, M. Hutchinson, F. Crow, B. French, H. Geddes, E. Gerber, D. Goldstein, E. Graff

Row 5: M. Gray, C. Haack, A. Handlos, J. Harris, M. Heminger, M. Hickes, R. Hickes, B. Johnson, J. Kalbfleisch, K. Kern, C. Klutsenbeker, C. Krone, S. Larson, I. Leftwick, S. Lehr, C. Ligotti

Row 6: D. Loesel, S. Lorenz, M. McCrachen, S. Melber, M. Meulemans, S Meyers, L. Miller, B. Morley, J. Mulder, D. Older, M. O'Neil, D. Paldi, K. Palmer, M. Phebus, C. Phelps, C. Purdy

Row 7: P. Quick, K. Rathbun, B. Rochford, E. Rogos, B. Rose, P. Saxton, J. Schaible, S. Schodlatz, P. Schore, J. Selesky, L. Sloan, J. Smith, K. Smith, N. Stewart, J. Thomas, P. Thomas

Row 8: M. Tipmore, S. VanGorder, M. Wacht, K. Walker, E. Walker, D. Walters, R. Wellons, F. Werner, S. Weygandt, T. White, L. Williams, B. Winbun, S. Yahnke, J. Zander, C. Zylstra

Map of the Huron River Valley from Surveys made in 1905 by Gardner Stewart Williams [Map 5106]

Geddes Pond, 1905: Map of the Huron River Valley

The sin-eater, and other tales,

The sin-eater.--The ninth wave.--The judgment o' God. --The harping of Cravetheen.--Tragic landscapes.--The anointed man.--The Dan-nan-ron.--Green branche.--The daughter of the sun.--The birdeen.--Silk o' the kine.

Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Continuous infusion (CI) ticarcillin-clavulanate is a potential therapeutic improvement over conventional intermittent dosing because the major pharmacodynamic (PD) predictor of efficacy of beta-lactams is the time that free drug levels exceed the MIC. This study incorporated a 6-year retrospective arm evaluating efficacy and safety of CI ticarcillin-clavulanate in the home treatment of serious infections and a prospective arm additionally evaluating pharmacokinetics (PK) and PD. In the prospective arm, steady-state serum ticarcillin and clavulanate levels and MIC testing of significant pathogens were performed. One hundred and twelve patients (median age, 56 years) were treated with a CI dose of 9.3-12.4 g/day and mean CI duration of 18.0 days. Infections treated included osteomyelitis (50 patients), septic arthritis (6), cellulitis (17), pulmonary infections (12), febrile neutropenia (7), vascular infections (7), intra-abdominal infections (2), and Gram-negative endocarditis (2); 91/112 (81%) of patients were cured, 14 (13%) had partial response and 7 (6%) failed therapy. Nine patients had PICC line complications and five patients had drug adverse events. Eighteen patients had prospective PK/PD assessment although only four patients had sufficient data for a full PK/PD evaluation (both serum steady-state drug levels and ticarcillin and clavulanate MICs from a bacteriological isolate), as this was difficult to obtain in home-based patients, particularly as serum clavulanate levels were found to deteriorate rapidly on storage. Three of four patients with matched PK/PD assessment had free drug levels exceeding the MIC of the pathogen. Home Cl of ticarcillin-clavulanate is a safe, effective, convenient and practical therapy and is a therapeutic advance over traditional intermittent dosing when used in the home setting. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Fluid shifts have no influence on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in intensive care patients with intra-abdominal sepsis

This study aimed to investigate whether fluid shifts alter ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients over time. Patients >= 18 years, with normal renal function, requiring intensive care treatment and parenteral antibiotics were enrolled. Group A (22 patients) included patients with documented intra-abdominal infections. Group B (18 patients) included patients with severe sepsis from other causes. All patients received intravenous ciprofloxacin 400 mg every 8 h infused over 60 min. Eight timed blood specimens were taken on days 0, 2 and 7. Ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. There were no significant differences between the pharmacokinetics of the two groups or over time. Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients do not change over time, and intra-abdominal sepsis does not alter ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters to a greater degree than sepsis from other causes in critically ill patients. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Effect of drug concentration on adsorption of levofloxacin by polyacrylonitrile haemofilters

We studied an in vitro model of continuous venovenous haemofiltration to determine levofloxacin adsorption by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) filters. Four doses of levofloxacin (5, 25, 50 and 100 mg) were used, resulting in circulating concentrations of levofloxacin at 120 min of 3.56 +/- 0.14, 15.84 +/- 2.08, 31.42 +/- 1.95 and 58.23 +/- 1.10 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption at 2 h was 0.65 +/- 0.17, 5.99 +/- 2.49, 12.30 +/- 2.34 and 30.13 +/- 1.32 mg, respectively (P < 0.001). From 2 h to 4 h, increasing the blood pump rate and the ultrafiltration rate had no effect on adsorption. When the concentration was decreased from 3.55 +/- 0.13 mg/L at 4 h to 2.16 +/- 0.11 mg/L at 5 h by addition of lactated Ringer's solution, adsorption decreased from 0.67 +/- 0.16 mg to 0.21 +/- 0.25 mg (P < 0.05). These data show that adsorption of levofloxacin by PAN haemofilters is concentration dependent and reversible in vitro and suggest that adsorption by haemofilters is unlikely to affect levofloxacin pharmacokinetics significantly in vivo. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Quantum yield calculations for strongly absorbing chromophores

This article demonstrates that a commonly-made assumption in quantum yield calculations may produce errors of up to 25% in extreme cases and can be corrected by a simple modification to the analysis.

In vitro exposure of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains to vancomycin: does vancomycin resistance occur?

Vancomycin is the preferred parenteral antibiotic for the treatment of all methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, including the newly emerging community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections. Vancomycin-intermediate nosocomial MRSA strains have developed in vitro and in vivo after exposure to vancomycin. The aim of this study was to determine whether daily serial passage of CA-MRSA strains onto vancomycin-supplemented agar selects for the development of vancomycin resistance. Twelve clinical isolates of the six commonest Australian and US strains of CA-MRSA were serially passaged daily for 25 days onto brain-heart infusion agar plates supplemented with 4 mu g/mL vancomycin and then subcultured for a further 15 days onto antibiotic-free agar to assess the stability of the resistance phenotype. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by standard Etest every 5 days from day 0 to day 40. Serial passaging resulted in increased MICs in all strains but the rises were modest, with an increase of < 2 doubling dilutions. All strains remained vancomycin Susceptible throughout the experiment according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Urban governance under neoliberalism:New Labour and the restructuring of state-space

In the UK there has been a proliferation of agencies at differing regulatory scales as part of the rescaling and restructuring of the state by New Labour, following the neoliberal policies of previous Conservative governments. This raises questions concerning the extent to which New Labour's urban state restructuring is embedded within neoliberalism, and the local tensions and contradictions arising from emergent New Labour urban state restructuring. This paper examines these questions through the analysis of key policy features of New Labour, and the in-depth exploration of two programmes that are reshaping urban governance arrangements, namely Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) and New Deal for Communities (NDC) programmes. We conclude that New Labour's restructuring is best understood in terms of the extended reproduction (roll-out) of neoliberalism. While these “new institutional fixes” are only weakly established and exhibit internal contradictions and tensions, these have not led to a broader contestation of neoliberalism.