Park practice index.

A publication of the Park Practice Program, a cooperative effort of the National Park Service and the National Recreation and Park Association and -1975, the National Society for Park Resources.

Program suggestions for the enrichment of adult life.

Mode of access: Internet.

County parks; a report of a study of county parks in the United States.

"A brief bibliography of interest to park executives": p. 107-109.

Depth-related variations of trace metal abundances in south Florida sediments

Variations in trace element abundances with depth in soils and sediments may be due to natural processes or reflect anthropogenic influences. The depth related variations of five major elements (Fe, Si, Al, Ca and Mg), seventeen trace elements (Mn, Cr, Ti, P, Ni, Ba, Sc, Sr, Sb, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, V, Be, Cu and Y) and volatile loss patterns were examined for sediment cores from five sites in South Florida (Lake Okeechobee, SFWMD Water Conservation area 3B, F.I.U., the Everglades and Chekika State Recreation Area). Principal component analysis of the chemical data combined with microscopic examination of the soils reveal that depth-related variations can be explained by varying proportions of three natural soil constituents and one anthropogenic component. The results can be used as a geochemical baseline for human influence on South Florida soils.

A releitura de um documento: o processo de tombamento do centro histórico de Natal (RN)

During over seven decades of institutionalizing the national heritage protection legal instrument it can be noticed the many ways of the instrument application, according to the approaches that were assigned to the spaces with heritage values and the dynamic of the elaborated thoughts within this theme. For the application of the instrument effectively, there is a long process that is carried out. This process begins with the study elaboration that aims to subsidize and justify the motivation of property protection, as well as the proposal of buffer zones and national protection areas delimitations, completing the process with the denial of the request or with the publication of the definitive national protection area at the Official Gazette. Starting with the relation between the existing heritage values identification into the historical centres and the definition of its protection areas that the area management will be done, based as well into the management intervention norms established for the protection area perimeter. From this context, the present essay has as porpoise to discuss the approach used for the identification and selection of a historical centre liable for national protection and the repercussion of this identification into the national protection area the was established, using a case study of the national protection of the historical centre of the city of Natal. Starting from the assumption that there are inconsistences and distortions about the text speech of the written document and the spatial delimitation of this document, motivated by an area that privileges the edifications rather than the urban space. Beginning with the urban history methodology, we are based on the precepts of Rossi (2011), Lamas (2010) and Cullen (2009) for that space reading, along with what Sant’Anna (2004) defines as “city-document” to make a new reading of this “heritage value space” verifying if the proposed protection area reflects what is defined as motivation for the national protection area process during the recognizing process. Therefore, it is concluded that it is essential that the buffer zones and the national protection areas are aligned with the text presented at the national protection area instruction, so the norms and criteria definition management process are established. We highlight that a site management and the identified values protection become very difficult without a specific law that beacon the decisions that should be taken.

Vivências de lazer em jovens com DID: o papel da escola

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação – Especialização em Educação Especial

Contribuição para a valorização, geoconservação e gestão da jazida fossilífera de Cacela (Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, Algarve, Portugal)

Dissertação de mest. em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Pricing recreation use of national parks for an efficient nature conservation : an application to the portuguese case

Current institutions, research, and legislation have not yet been sufficient to achieve the conservation level of Nature as required by the society. One of the reasons that explains this relative failure is the lack of incentives to motivate local individual and Nature users in general, to adopt behaviour compliant with Nature sustainable uses. Economists believe that, from the welfare point of view, pricing is the more efficient way to make economic actors to take more environmental friendly decisions. In this paper we will discuss how efficient can be the act of pricing the recreation use of a specific natural area, in terms of maximising welfare. The main conservation issues for pricing recreation use, as well as the conditions under which pricing will be an efficient and fair instrument for the natural area will be outlined. We will conclude two things. Firstly that, from the rational utilitarian economic behaviour point of view, economic efficiency can only be achieved if the natural area has positive and known recreation marginal costs under the relevant range of the marshallian demand recreation curve and if price system management is not costly. Secondly, in order to guarantee equity for the different type of visitors when charging the fee, it is necessary to discuss differential price systems. We shall see that even if marginal recreation costs exist but are unknown, pricing recreation is still an equity instrument and a useful one from the conservation perspective, as we shall demonstrate through an empirical application to the Portuguese National Park. An individual Travel Cost Method Approach will be used to estimate the recreation price that will be set equal to the visitor’s marginal willingness to pay for a day of visit in the national park. Although not efficient, under certain conditions this can be considered a fair pricing practice, because some of the negative recreation externalities will be internalised. We shall discuss the conditions that guarantee equity on charging for the Portuguese case.

IPH response to the National Transport Authority on the Greater Dublin Area Draft Transport Strategy 2011-2030

The remit of the Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) is to promote cooperation for public health between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the areas of research and information, capacity building and policy advice. Our approach is to support Departments of Health and their agencies in both jurisdictions, and maximise the benefits of all-island cooperation to achieve practical benefits for people in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.IPH has a keen interest in the interactions between transport and health. IPH has produced two papers in the recent past on this topic, the most recent being Active travel – healthy lives published in January 2011 which built on the 2005 publication Health impacts of transport. The IPH welcomes the draft transport strategy in terms of addressing each of the key messages outlined in the Active travel – healthy lives paper.IPH is interested in this area not only in terms of increasing ‘active travel’ for healthier lives, but also in terms of the environmental and social impacts of inequitable access to forms of private and public transport.

Inequality in Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth by National Deciles of Area Deprivation: England, 2010-12

This release from the Office for National Statistics contains a reference table providing Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) and Life Expectancy (LE) at birth for national deciles of area deprivation in England. It also provides two measures of inequality, the range and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), for the period 2010-12.Key findingsMales in the most deprived areas have a life expectancy 9.1 years shorter (when measured by the range) than males in the least deprived areas; they also spend a smaller proportion of their shorter lives in ‘Good’ health (70.8% compared to 85.0%).Females in the most deprived areas have a life expectancy 6.8 years shorter (when measured by the range) than females in the least deprived areas; they also expect to spend 17.2% less of their life in ‘Good’ health (66.1% compared to 83.2%).Males in the most advantaged areas can expect to live 19.4 years longer in ‘Good’ health than those in the least advantaged areas as measured by the Slope Index of Inequality (SII). For females this was 19.8 years.Read the release here.��

Empirical errors of small area estimates from the multisource National Forest Inventory in Eastern Finland

Abstract