La victimisation par les pairs et le développement de l’anxiété sociale au début de l’adolescence : l’effet modérateur des caractéristiques des amis

L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’effet modérateur du nombre d’amis et de leurs caractéristiques sur le lien prédictif entre la victimisation par les pairs et l’anxiété sociale. Plus spécifiquement, cette étude s’intéresse aux niveaux moyens de victimisation, de rejet et d’anxiété sociale des amis comme facteurs aggravants potentiels. Les données ont été recueillies à deux reprises auprès de 576 adolescents d’en moyenne 13,5 ans au début de leur secondaire deux et à la fin de leur secondaire trois. Les participants ont répondu à des questionnaires auto-rapportés pour les mesures de victimisation et d’anxiété sociale et ont participé à une procédure de nomination sociométrique pour la mesure de statut social et l’identification des amis. De manière concomitante, les résultats démontrent que la victimisation par les pairs et certaines caractéristiques des amis (niveaux d’anxiété et de rejet social) contribuent respectivement, de manière unique et indépendante, à rendre compte de l’anxiété sociale des participants. De manière longitudinale, la victimisation par les pairs permet de prédire le développement de l’anxiété sociale sur une période de 1,5 ans. Néanmoins, le nombre d’amis et leurs caractéristiques ne contribuent pas de manière additive au développement ultérieur de l’anxiété sociale. De plus, les caractéristiques des amis n’interagissent d’aucune façon avec la victimisation par les pairs pour rendre compte du développement ultérieur de l’anxiété sociale. Cependant, des analyses exploratoires ont permis de montrer que le niveau de victimisation des amis constitue un facteur aggravant pour les enfants rejetés socialement; le rejet par les pairs étant positivement associé au développement de l’anxiété sociale chez les élèves qui entretiennent des relations d’amitié avec des élèves qui rapportent être victimes de mauvais traitements.

Análisis de la iniciativa de cluster de petróleo y gas en la región del Magdalena Medio como herramienta para la competitividad

En el mundo organizacional surge una gran incógnita sobre el por qué unos sectores económicos adquieren un alto grado de competitividad en ciertas partes del mundo mientras que en otras estos mismos van en decadencia. Este patrón puede ser explicado bajo el enfoque de competitividad, debido a que el comercio, la política, la industria, la educación y otros factores dejaron de tener una prelación local y empezaron a contemplar el plano mundial. Después de la segunda guerra mundial, nacieron nuevas amistades entre oriente y occidente, nuevos mercados, productos y necesidades, dando origen a la globalización y a una competencia internacional, por lo anterior, potencias como Estados Unidos incursionaron en los sectores de automotores y tecnológico, consolidándose como líderes, pero que ha venido en caída y por la falta de innovación, investigación y desarrollo, factores que si están siendo aprovechados por países como Japón, que ha acaparado gran parte del mercado que pertenecía a los norteamericanos; pero los factores anteriormente mencionados no son suficientes para mantenerse, por eso surge el interrogante de cómo es posible que un sector específico sobresalga sobre los demás y en un país determinado. El profesor Michael Porter en sus libros y publicaciones expresa que esto es posible mediante la adquisición de ventajas competitivas sostenibles que son obtenidas siempre y cuando las empresas tengan definidas: las condiciones de factores de producción, de demanda, los grupos conexos y de apoyo, y la estructura adecuada para la competencia, estos factores en su conjunto dan forma al “Diamante de Competitividad”, pero para entrar en detalle, primero es necesario tener claro el concepto de competitividad, la cual se ha vuelto un factor importante para los gobiernos y la industria. Una empresa debe tener la capacidad de interpretar el entorno económico, político, social y cultural al cual está sometida, con el fin de determinar si tiene la idoneidad para crear o mantener una ventaja competitiva de proyección internacional y un alto nivel de competitividad, estos factores contribuyen al fortalecimiento de los sectores económicos predominantes y a conservar la imagen del país como una potencia mundial.

Questions of Friendship and Degrees of Transnationality among Second-Generation Return Migrants to Barbados

While the academic literature has demonstrated the importance of social networks in relation to the process of migration, investigations have rarely examined in detail the personal-social adjustment issues that migrants and return migrants face. This study examines the context and types of friendship pattern that young return migrants from Britain cultivate in Barbados. The research centres on a wholly under-researched demographic groupyoung return migrants or second-generation Barbadians who have decided to return to the birthplace of their parents. The investigation is based on 51 in-depth interviews carried out with these young returnees to Barbados. Presenting a taxonomy of friendship types, it is argued that, for the 'Bajan-Brits' under study, the cultivation of new friendships is highly problematic. The research identifies what we refer to as the 'insular transnational', the 'we are different' and the 'all-inclusive transnational' friendship types among the young returnees. Our analysis also shows that problems of friendship are highly gendered, with females reporting the most problems due to what is perceived as sexual and workplace competition. It is stressed that these circumstances exemplify the essentially 'hybrid', 'liminal' and 'in-between' positionality of these second-generation migrants within contemporary Barbadian society.

Socioemotional development in adolescents at risk for depression: the role of maternal depression and attachment style

We examined the impact on adolescent socioemotional functioning of maternal postnatal depression (PND) and attachment style. We also investigated the role of earlier aspects of the child's development-attachment in infancy, and 5-year representations of family relationships. Ninety-one mother-child pairs, recruited in the postnatal period, were followed tip at 13 years. Adolescents were interviewed about their friendships, and their level of emotional sensitivity and maturity were rated. Emotional sensitivity was heightened in girls whose mothers experienced PND; notably, its occurrence was also linked to insecure attachment in infancy and raised awareness of emotional components of family relationships at 5 years. High emotional sensitivity was also associated with adolescent depressed mood. Raised social maturity was predicted by a secure maternal attachment style and, for girls, by exposure to maternal PND. Precursors of adolescent social maturity were evident in the narrative coherence of 5-year family representations. Higher social maturity in the friendship interview was also associated with overall good adjustment.

Living with ASD: how do children and their parents assess their difficulties with social interaction and understanding?

Social interaction and understanding in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are key areas of concern to practitioners and researchers alike. However, there is a relative lack of information about the skills and competencies of children and young people with ASD who access ordinary community facilities including mainstream education. In particular, contributions by parents and their children have been under-utilized. Using two structured questionnaires, 19 children with ASD reported difficulties with social skills including social engagement and temper management and also reported difficulties with social competence, affecting both friendships and peer relationships. Parents rated the children's social skill and competence as significantly worse than did the children themselves, but there was considerable agreement about the areas that were problematic. Using an informal measure to highlight their children's difficulties, parents raised issues relating to conversation skills, social emotional reciprocity and peer relationships. The implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.

Facebook faith - social networking in a faith based community

This paper views the increasing social networking as an efficient emerging ministry to the moveable generation. Through social network such as Facebook, ministry from a pastoral perspective can become more authentic and meaningful. Ministry is relational. Social Networking sites provide a strong platform to being part in other people’s life. Social networking and living online builds community beyond geographical boarders. Young adults and youths digital identity often reflects their faith, this is supported by research which suggests a practice of more openness to share and expose private issues online. Spiritual and religious views are freely shared, creating sacred spaces in the midst of life practising a holistic faith identity in a secular community. Providing a strong platform for information flow, Social Network is attractive in a postmodern society where inviting people to join in events are perceived as non threatening, making church community events transparent and available to people who do not attend church, inviting spiritual friendships and relationships. Social Networking strengthens relationship in a non hierarchical manner and invites the minister into lives where there previously would have been barriers, engaging in prayer and bible study as well as pastoral care through social networking, thus relationships deepens via social networking making people real. It has been observed that, although community building happens on the net, church affiliation loyalty remains to the local community. Therefore presence ministry though social networks emerges as a core form of ministry, where relations to youth who move from local church to university campuses are kept alive. The asynchronous nature of communication within social networking eases the minister in her work. The minister is able to engage with many individuals at the same time. Before the minister could visit one person at a time, now she visits 5-6 individuals at any given time. Therefore social networking not only increases the quality of the work, but also empowers the minister to be more efficient.

Are you thinking what I’m thinking? Peer group similarities in adolescent hostile attribution tendencies

A bias towards attributing hostile intent to others has been linked to aggression. In an adolescent sample, we investigated whether peer group homophily exists in the tendency towards attributing hostile intent. We assessed hostile attribution tendencies and self-reported aggressive behaviours in a normative sample of 910 adolescents, and computed average peer group scores based on nominated friend scores. Results indicated that adolescents showed significant correlations between their own level of hostile attributions and that of their peer group. Further analyses indicated that this effect occurred specifically in reciprocal friendships, and was retained even once own and peer group level of aggression were controlled.

Des liaisons dangereuses? Réseaux donnés, réseaux supposés et réseaux déguisés d’une nonne vénitienne au XVIIe siècle

This article deals with Tarabotti's own family, her religious family within her nunnery and her ideal family, the so-called "République des lettres". Despite her permanent denial about her parents and siblings, she has ties with them all: she benifitted from her sister Camilla's and her mother's wills, she had a friendly relationship with one of her brothers-in-law, she took pity of her two sisters who remained spinsters. The same occurred with her religious family, where she developed close friendships with at least two of them. Moreover, her sisters in religion often belonged to patrician, well-off families and it is possible to argue that Tarabotti managed to expand her relationships with very important people via her sisters in religion. But the family she truly cherished, was her family d'election, the one she had been free to choose and to pursue: her literary family. However, this latter one was not a very recomandable family for a nun: therefore she kept silent with the most relevant elements of it, namely with the French priest and astronomer Ismael Boulliau who acted as the go-between for her last book, published abroad two years after her death. The article provides evidence to such connections, ties and knots, explaining at least in part Tarabotti's extraordinary success in life as a proto-feminist and political writer.

The experience of friendship, victimization and bullying in children with an autism spectrum disorder: associations with child characteristics and school placement

Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be vulnerable to social isolation and bullying. We measured the friendship, fighting/bullying and victimization experiences of 10–12-year-old children with an ASD (N = 100) using parent, teacher and child self-report. Parent and teacher reports were compared to an IQ-matched group of children with special educational needs (SEN) without ASD (N = 80) and UK population data. Parents and teachers reported a lower prevalence of friendships compared to population norms and to children with SEN without an ASD. Parents but not teachers reported higher levels of victimization than the SEN group. Half of the children with an ASD reported having friendships that involved mutuality. By teacher report children with an ASD who were less socially impaired in mainstream school experienced higher levels of victimization than more socially impaired children; whereas for more socially impaired children victimization did not vary by school placement. Strategies are required to support and improve the social interaction skills of children with an ASD, to enable them to develop and maintain meaningful peer friendships and avoid victimization.

Making modern lives: subjectivity, schooling and social change

Making Modern Lives looks at how young people shape their lives as they move through their secondary school years and into the world beyond. It explores how they develop dispositions, attitudes, identities, and orientations in modern society. Based on an eight-year study consisting of more the 350 in-depth interviews with young Australians from diverse backgrounds, the book reveals the effects of schooling and of local school cultures on young people's choices, future plans, political values, friendships, and attitudes toward school, work, and sense of self. Making Modern Lives uncovers who young people are today, what type of identities and inequalities are being formed and reformed, and what processes and politics are at work in relation to gender, class, race, and the framing of vocational futures.

Geographical dislocation and adjustment in university students: the impact of attachment, autonomy and coping behaviour on stress and well-being

The relative contribution of geographical dislocation, attachment styles, coping behaviours, and autonomy, to successful student adjustment, was examined in relation to stress and well-being. A sample of 142 on campus first year university students, across four Victorian university campuses completed self-report questionnaires. Questionnaires included demographic, social network, intrapsychic (attachment and autonomy), and coping variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that being female, not having made a friend to confide in personal matters, lower achieved autonomy, and use of emotion-focused coping predicted higher levels of student stress. A second multiple regression analysis revealed that living away from home, and preferring others to approach oneself to initiate conversation or friendships predicted lower well-being, whilst increased frequency of phone and email contact, and greater secure parent and peer attachment, predicted greater well-being. Pearson's correlations indicated that securely attached students used more problem focused coping and social support, whereas insecurely attached students used more emotion focused coping. Qualitative data indicated student concerns about being away from family and friends, finance, course direction and structure, social opportunities on campus, and generally adjusting to the university culture. It was concluded that first year on-campus students would benefit from program initiatives targeting enhancement of on-campus social opportunities, development of autonomy, problem focused coping behaviour, interpersonal and social assertiveness.

It's the e-thing : World of Warcraft meets Coke in China

The increasing sophistication of online computer games – entrancing aesthetics, challenge, and the promise of sociality and community – make them a compelling world for many players, locally and internationally. Games like 'World of Warcraft' provide a complex and satisfying universe where mythically imbued narratives, rules and mores provide a context for players to take on heroic or playful roles. Players can explore identities, create friendships and relationships, and establish a complete and separate space where trust and danger coexist, in ways experienced as both fantastic and safe. Yet such worlds are not value free, nor separated from ‘real’ life. Ideologies implicit in the game (through its narrative roles and architecture, mythic references and occasions for decision making and action) prestructure choices about character building, orientations and allegiances amongst players, and drive towards particular sets of values and moralities. These features, plus the huge numbers of players worldwide, mean that massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) provide a seductive but largely untapped market to the advertising industry. What is happening with convergences of this kind? And what do they mean for young players of computer games, particularly massively multiplayer and other online games, where communal play, distributed knowledge networks, and relationships, establish strong bonds and allegiances within the game, with cross-overs between on and offline values, identities and community.

Getting Hitched: Weddings and Reality Television

From watching reality shows like A Wedding Story on TLC, I have learned that planning a wedding is stressful, kills friendships, and is generally not fun. In my opinion, I think it’s crazy. So why do people do this? What is the allure of this madness? In addition to the general insanity of weddings, the institute of marriage has been shown to be deeply flawed and quite unequal, but we are still tuning in to watch Engaged & Underage and Perfect Proposal. The fantasy shows that we watch and the glossy magazines we read seem to cover up the fact that the institution of marriage has problems. I want to find out why we are obsessed with getting married, even though many of us won’t actually carry through with the event or will end our marriages in divorce. Is it just the pageantry? The attention one receives as a bride and a new wife? To me, the huge attention paid to marriage in the media these days brings out some really interesting questions.

Beyond the Threshold: Life in the New Russia

Amanda Sprang spent nine months, from September of 1995 to May of 1996, studying at Colby College's program in St. Petersburg, Russia. Through contacts made during previous trips to Russia in middle and high school, Amanda was able to quickly rekindle her old friendships and make new ones with many young Russians from different backgrounds. The following work is a collection of twelve essays about life in the New Russia. The essays are framed by a foreword and an epilogue that help place the entire work in a historical context. Although the theme of each essay emerges from a particular incident, within every story Amanda has addressed numerous topics relating to Russian life in today’s changing society. Her first essay, “Art Klinika," takes place in an avant-garde night club in St. Petersburg, and includes a brief yet impressionable, encounter with three young Russian men. “The Birthday Party” recalls a wild evening at the home of her close friend, showing how the Russians greet special occasions. Both the third and fourth essays take place in Moscow, where Amanda returns to visit old friends. These two essays portray the lives of the new economic elite in comparison with the average citizen, as well as show how young Russians face the new challenges that greet them. "Politics Russian Style" recalls a political rally in St. Petersburg, and attempts to shed light on the wacky political world of an infant democracy. Chapters Six through Ten take place away from the western cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, as Amanda brings us to the cold, mysterious land of Siberia in the dead of winter. She recounts her five day train ride with a retired, high-powered, Communist party official, her experiences in the provincial city of Irkutsk, and a brief trip to a Buddhist monastery and, later, an excursion to Lake Baikal. Back in St. Petersburg, Chapter Eleven gives a humorous account of a ski trip with several Russian friends. Amanda finishes her work with her final chapter, “The Dacha," which describes a weekend spent at a Russian country home with her friend's family.