BRCA1 mRNA Expression Levels Predict for Overall Survival in Ovarian Cancer after Chemotherapy.

We investigated whether BRCA1 mRNA expression levels may represent a biomarker of survival in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer following chemotherapy treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The effect of loss of BRCA1 expression on chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer was measured in vitro using dose inhibition assays and Annexin V flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to evaluate the relationship between BRCA1 mRNA expression levels and survival after chemotherapy treatment in 70 fresh frozen ovarian tumors. RESULTS: We show that inhibition of endogenous BRCA1 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines results in increased sensitivity to platinum therapy and decreased sensitivity to antimicrotubule agents. In addition, we show that patients with low/intermediate levels of BRCA1 mRNA have a significantly improved overall survival following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy in comparison with patients with high levels of BRCA1 mRNA (57.2 versus 18.2 months; P = 0.0017; hazard ratio, 2.9). Furthermore, overall median survival for higher-BRCA1-expressing patients was found to increase following taxane-containing chemotherapy (23.0 versus 18.2 months; P = 0.12; hazard ratio, 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence to support a role for BRCA1 mRNA expression as a predictive marker of survival in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer.

Monitoring of lineage-specific chimaerism allows early prediction of response following donor lymphocyte infusions for relapsed chronic myeloid leukaemia

Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) have been shown to enhance the graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL) effect and induce haematological and molecular remission in patients with relapsed CML following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The potent donor cell-mediated cytolysis following DLI may lead to a short period of aplasia before the re-establishment of donor haematopoiesis. The absence of detectable donor cells in patients prior to DLI infusion may result in permanent aplasia in certain patients. We report on four patients who relapsed 1, 3, 6.5 and 7 years post-BMT for chronic phase CML and were treated with DLI from their original BMT donor. Polymorphic short tandem repeats (STRs) were used to assess haematological chimaerism both prior to and following DLI. At the time of relapse, STR-PCR indicated the presence of donor cells in all four patients, at levels ranging from 1-40%. A clinical and molecular response was seen in 4/4 patients following a short period of cytopenia and all patients remain in clinical remission with a follow-up of 2 months-3 years post-DLI. STR-PCR indicated that a response was occurring during the period of pancytopenia when metaphase analysis was unsuccessful. Lineage-specific analysis of the cellular response to DLI was monitored using STR-PCR of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) lymphocyte-enriched fractions and CD2-positive and -negative T cell fractions. In one patient BM and PB CD34-positive and -negative fractions were also assessed. A change in the ratio of donor:recipient cells in the PB lymphocyte fraction was the earliest molecular indication of an anti-leukaemic response. Subsequent conversion to donor chimaerism occurred in the other lineages and the granulocyte fraction was the last lineage to convert. In conclusion, lineage-specific STR-PCR permits detailed monitoring of subtle changes in donor/recipient cell dynamics in specific lineages following DLI during the crucial pancytopenic phase and may be a useful predictor of haematological response to DLI therapy.

Persistent donor chimaerism is consistent with disease-free survival following BMT for chronic myeloid leukaemia

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) can be treated successfully with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) leading to long-term disease-free survival. Leukemia relapse, however, remains a significant clinical problem. Relapse following BMT presumably results from the expansion of small numbers of recipient leukaemic cells which have survived the conditioning therapy. In order to define patients who are at a high risk of leukaemia relapse, a variety of techniques have been employed to detect persistence of host haemopoiesis (mixed chimaerism, MC) or residual leukaemia (minimal residual disease, MRD). However, the precise relationship between the detection of MC and MRD post-BMT is unknown. We have investigated chimaerism and MRD status in 22 patients who were in clinical and haematological remission post-allogeneic BMT for chronic phase CML. Chimaerism was assessed using short tandem repeat PCR (STR-PCR) while BCR-ABL mRNA detection using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the presence of MRD. Seventeen patients received unmanipulated marrow (non-TCD) while in five patients a T cell-depleted transplant (TCD) was performed as additional GVHD prophylaxis. Chimaerism was evaluated in 18 patients (14 non-TCD, four TCD). Mixed chimaerism was an uncommon finding in recipients of unmanipulated BMT (21%) when compared to TCD BMT (100%). No evidence of MRD, as identified using the BCR-ABL mRNA RT-PCR assay, was detected in those patients who were donor chimaeras. Early and transient MC and MRD was detected in four patients (two non-TCD, two TCD) who have subsequently converted to a donor profile. One patient has stable low-level MC but remains MRD negative 4 years post-BMT. Late MC and MRD was observed in two patients who relapsed >6 years after TCD BMT for CML. We conclude that mixed chimaerism is a rare event in recipients of unmanipulated BMT and that donor chimaerism as detected by STR-PCR assay is consistent with disease-free survival and identifies patients with a low risk of leukaemic relapse post-BMT for CML.

Leukaemogenesis, gene interplay, and the role of the haemopoietic environment

Malignant initiation, leukaemic transformation, and disease progression in haematological malignancies involves a series of mutational events in genes involved in normal housekeeping functions of the cell. These acquired genetic changes can lead to either increased proliferation or a decreased rate of apoptosis, thus allowing expansion of the malignant clone. Although leukaemia can arise as a de novo disease, it has become increasingly clear that therapies, including the use of irradiation and/or chemotherapy, can give rise to malignancy. Therapy-associated myelodysplasia (t-MDS) and therapy-associated acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML) account for 10-20% of new cases of these diseases. Although these secondary malignancies have been recognised as a clinical entity for nearly 30 years, molecular studies are now pinpointing various regions of the genome that are susceptible to DNA damage by these chemotherapeutic/radiotherapeutic strategies. The detection of new malignancies (both solid tumours and haematological tumours) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is also providing us with some clues to the nature of leukaemogenesis, particularly with the observation that leukaemia can occur in donor cells postallogeneic BMT.

Evaluation of mixed chimerism by in vitro amplification of dinucleotide repeat sequences using the polymerase chain reaction

The influence of mixed hematopoietic chimerism (MC) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation remains unknown. Increasingly sensitive detection methods have shown that MC occurs frequently. We report a highly sensitive novel method to assess MC based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Simple dinucleotide repeat sequences called microsatellites have been found to vary in their repeat number between individuals. We use this variation to type donor-recipient pairs following allogeneic BMT. A panel of seven microsatellites was used to distinguish between donor and recipient cells of 32 transplants. Informative microsatellites were subsequently used to assess MC after BMT in this group of patients. Seventeen of the 32 transplants involved a donor of opposite sex; hence, cytogenetics and Y chromosome-specific PCR were also used as an index of chimerism in these patients. MC was detected in bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood in 18 of 32 patients (56%) by PCR. In several cases, only stored slide material was available for analysis but PCR of microsatellites or Y chromosomal material could be used successfully to assess the origin of cells in this archival material. Cytogenetic analysis was possible in 17 patients and MC was detected in three patients. Twelve patients received T-cell-depleted marrow and showed a high incidence of MC as revealed by PCR (greater than 80%). Twenty patients received unmanipulated marrow, and while the incidence of MC was lower (44%), this was a high percentage when compared with other studies. Once MC was detected, the percentages of recipient cells tended to increase. However, in patients exhibiting MC who subsequently relapsed, this increase was relatively sudden. The overall level of recipient cells in the group of MC patients who subsequently relapsed was higher than in those who exhibited stable MC. Thus, while the occurrence of MC was not indicative of a poor prognosis per se, sudden increases in the proportions of recipient cells may be a prelude to graft rejection or relapse.

Embolization for multicompartmental bleeding in patients in hemodynamically unstable condition: prognostic factors and outcome.

PURPOSE: To determine prognostic factors and evaluate outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization in severely injured patients in hemodynamically unstable condition with multicompartmental bleeding.¦MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2000 and May 2008, 36 consecutive patients treated with transcatheter arterial embolization for major retroperitoneal bleeding associated with at least one additional source of bleeding were retrospectively reviewed. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 49.4 ± 15.8. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify parameters associated with failure of embolization, need for additional surgery to control bleeding, and fatal outcome at 30 d.¦RESULTS: Embolization was technically successful in 35 of 36 patients (97.2%) and resulted in immediate and sustained (> 24 h) hemodynamic improvement in 29 (80.5%). Additional hemostatic surgery was necessary after embolization in six patients (16.6%). Fifteen patients (41.6%) died within 30 d. Failure to restore hemodynamic stability was correlated with the rate of administration of packed red blood cells (P = .014), rate of administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP; P = .031), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) immediately before embolization (P = .002). The need for additional surgery was correlated with FFP administration rate before embolization (P = .0002) and hemodynamic success (P = .003). Death was correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission (P = .001), ISS (P = .014), New Injury Severity Score (P = .016), number of injured sites (P = .012), SBP before embolization (P = .042), need for vasopressive drugs before embolization (P = .037), and hemodynamic success (P = .0004).¦CONCLUSIONS: In patients in hemodynamically unstable condition, transcatheter arterial embolization effectively controls bleeding and improves hemodynamic stability. Immediate survival is related to hemodynamic condition before embolization, and 30-d mortality is mainly related to associated brain trauma.

Étude des cellules dendritiques chez les patients qui ont subi une greffe de cellules souches allogéniques

La vigueur de la réponse immunitaire générée par les cellules dendritiques (DC) a positionné ces cellules comme médiatrices centrales dans l’activation des lymphocytes T. La vulnérabilité des cellules cancéreuses de leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) à l’intervention immunitaire résulte apparemment de la capacité des cellules leucémiques de se différencier en DC. Ces DC ont alors la capacité de présenter des peptides provenant des cellules souches leucémiques aux lymphocytes T. Dans ce travail, nous démontrons que la plupart des patients atteints d’une LMC présentent un déficit important en DC au niveau du sang et de la moelle osseuse avant la greffe de cellules souches allogéniques. Les faibles niveaux de DC circulantes résultent en grande partie d’une perte de la diversité au niveau des cellules progénitrices CD34+ leucémiques au niveau de la moelle osseuse. Ces cellules progénitrices CD34+ présentent d’ailleurs une capacité réduite à se différencier en DC in vitro. Nous avons trouvé qu’un décompte faible de DC avant une greffe allogénique était associé à une diminution significative de la survie et une augmentation considérable du risque de développer une des complications mortelles. Puisque la reconstitution des DC suite à la greffe est absente, notre étude appuie aussi la thèse que ce sont les cellules DC pré greffe qui sont primordiales dans l'effet du greffon contre leucémie (GVL). Dans ce contexte, notre étude suggère que le compte des DC avant la greffe allogénique pourrait servir de marqueur pronostique pour identifier les patients LMC à risque de développer certaines complications suite à une greffe allogénique.

Subluxation de la tête radiale suite au malalignement du cubitus proximal : une étude biomécanique

Le cubitus proximal détient une courbe sagittale unique pour chaque individu, nommée « Proximal Ulna Dorsal Angulation (PUDA) ». Une reconstruction non-anatomique du cubitus proximal, suite à une fracture complexe peut engendrer une malunion, de l’arthrose et de l’instabilité. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la magnitude de malalignement au niveau de l’angulation proximale dorsale du cubitus qui causerait un malalignement radio-capitellaire, avec et sans un ligament annulaire intact. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une étude biomécanique fut conduite sur six spécimens frais congelés avec un simulateur de mouvement du coude. Des fractures simulées au niveau du PUDA, furent stabilisées avec une fixation interne dans cinq configurations différentes. Des images fluoroscopiques furent prises dans différentes positions du coude et de l’avant-bras, avec le ligament annulaire intact, puis relâché. Le déplacement de la tête radiale fut quantifié avec le ratio radio-capitellaire. Une interaction significative fut découverte entre les positions du coude, les angles de malalignement et l’intégrité du ligament annulaire. La subluxation de la tête radiale fut accentuée lors de la déchirure du ligament annulaire. Une augmentation de la subluxation antérieure de la tête radiale fut observée lorsque le malalignement était fixé en extension et lors de mouvements de flexion progressive du coude. D’autre part, un malalignement en flexion et une extension graduelle du coude occasionnait une subluxation postérieure. En conclusion, les résultats ont démontré l’importance d’une reconstruction anatomique du cubitus proximal, car un malalignement de 5 degrés engendre une subluxation de la tête radiale, surtout lors d’une déchirure du ligament annulaire.

Mechanism of Inducible Costimulator (ICOS)-mediated calcium signaling

Le Costimulateur Inductible (ICOS) est un récepteur exprimé à la surface des cellules T CD4 auxiliaires et T CD8 cytotoxiques. Il fut démontré à l’aide de modèles murins de transplantation de moelle osseuse que ICOS joue un rôle important dans l’induction de la maladie du greffon contre l’hôte aigüe (GVHD). ICOS potentialise deux signaux médiés par le récepteur de cellules T (TCR) : l’activation de la phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) ainsi que la mobilisation interne de calcium. En conditions in vitro, dans les cellules CD4 et CD8, ICOS réussi à potentialiser le flux de calcium médié par le TCR indépendamment de PI3K. La voie de signalisation de ICOS impliquée dans la GVHD demeure inconnue. Cependant, en utilisant une lignée de souris ‘knock-in’ nommée ICOS-Y181F, dans laquelle le cellules T ont sélectivement perdu la capacité d’activer PI3K par l’entremise d’ICOS, nous avons démontré que les cellules T peuvent utiliser un mécanisme ICOS indépendant de PI3K afin d’induire la GVHD. La mobilisation interne du Ca2+ mène à l’activation de NFAT, un facteur de transcription clé régulant des gènes comme IFN-γ, qui exprime une des cytokines clés impliquées dans la GVHD. Nous émettons comme hypothèse que la capacité pathogénique intacte des cellules T ICOSY181F à induire la GVHD, repose sur la signalisation du Ca2+ indépendante de PI3K. Le but de mon projet est d’identifier les résidus responsables de cette signalisation de Ca2+ médiée par ICOS ainsi que le mécanisme par lequel ce récepteur fonctionne. À l’aide de la mutagénèse dirigée, j’ai généré des mutants d’ICOS et j’ai analysé par cytométrie en flux leur capacité à activer le flux de Ca2+. J’ai ainsi identifié un groupe de lysine sur la queue cytoplasmique d’ICOS situé à proximité de la membrane comme étant essentiel à la fonction de potentialisation du flux de Ca2+. Je fournis également des preuves de l’implication de la kinase Lck, membre de la famille de kinases Src, dans la voie de signalisation de ICOS médiant la potentialisation du flux de Ca2+. Ainsi, ICOS s’associe à Lck et mène à une augmentation de l’activation de PLCγ1, la protéine effectrice clé causant la sortie de Ca2+ de la réserve intracellulaire. En conclusion, notre étude permet de comprendre davantage une des voies de signalisation d’ICOS. L’influx de Ca2+ dans les cellules T implique la voie ICOS-Lck-PLCγ1. Une compréhension plus approfondie de cette voie de signalisation pourrait s’avérer bénéfique afin d’élaborer de nouvelles stratégies menant à la prévention de maladies reliées à ICOS, comme la GVHD.

Protein-Expressions-Analysen zur Etablierung prädiktiver Biomarker bei der Behandlung fortgeschrittener Tumoren der Mamma und der Prostata

Aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der zielgerichteten Therapie zur Behandlung maligner Erkrankungen erfordern neuartige Verfahren zur Diagnostik und Selektion geeigneter Patienten. So ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit die Identifizierung neuer Zielmoleküle, die die Vorhersage eines Therapieerfolges mit targeted drugs ermöglichen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dem humanisierten monoklonalen Antikörper Trastuzumab (Herceptin), der zur Therapie Her-2 überexprimierender, metastasierter Mammakarzinome eingesetzt wird. Jüngste Erkenntnisse lassen eine Anwendung dieses Medikamentes in der Behandlung des Hormon-unabhängigen Prostatakarzinoms möglich erscheinen. Therapie-beeinflussende Faktoren werden in der dem Rezeptor nachgeschalteten Signaltransduktion oder Veränderungen des Rezeptors selbst vermutet. Mittels Immunhistochemie wurden die Expressions- und Aktivierungsniveaus verschiedener Proteine der Her-2-assoziierten Signaltransduktion ermittelt; insgesamt wurden 37 molekulare Marker untersucht. In Formalin fixierte und in Paraffin eingebettete korrespondierende Normal- und Tumorgewebe von 118 Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen sowie 78 Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom wurden in TMAs zusammengefasst. Die in Zusammenarbeit mit erfahrenen Pathologen ermittelten Ergebnisse dienten u.a. als Grundlage für zweidimensionales, unsupervised hierarchisches clustering. Ergebnis dieser Analysen war für beide untersuchten Tumorentitäten die Möglichkeit einer Subklassifizierung der untersuchten Populationen nach molekularen Eigenschaften. Hierbei zeigten sich jeweils neue Möglichkeiten zur Anwendung zielgerichteter Therapien, deren Effektivität Inhalt weiterführender Studien sein könnte. Zusätzlich wurden an insgesamt 43 Frischgeweben die möglichen Folgen des sog. shedding untersucht. Western Blot-basierte Untersuchungen zeigten hierbei die Möglichkeit der Selektion von Patienten aufgrund falsch-positiver Befunde in der derzeit als Standard geltenden Diagnostik. Zusätzlich konnte durch Vergleich mit einer Herceptin-sensitiven Zelllinie ein möglicher Zusammenhang eines Therapieerfolges mit dem Phosphorylierungs-/ Aktivierungszustand des Rezeptors ermittelt werden. Fehlende klinische Daten zum Verlauf der Erkrankung und Therapie der untersuchten Patienten lassen keine Aussagen über die tatsächliche Relevanz der ermittelten Befunde zu. Dennoch verdeutlichen die erhaltenen Resultate eindrucksvoll die Komplexität der molekularen Vorgänge, die zu einem Krebsgeschehen führen und damit Auswirkungen auf die Wirksamkeit von targeted drugs haben können. Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der zielgerichteten Therapie erfordern Verbesserungen auf dem Gebiet der Diagnostik, die die sichere Selektion geeigneter Patienten erlauben. Die Zukunft der personalisierten, zielgerichteten Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen wird verstärkt von molekularen Markerprofilen hnlich den hier vorgestellten Daten beeinflusst werden.

Factores asociados al desarrollo de eventos adversos con transfusión de plasma fresco congelado en la Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con reacciones adversas transfusionales al Plasma Fresco Congelado en la FCI-IC durante los años 2008-2010. Metodología: Estudio de Casos y Controles, en relación 1:3. Pacientes mayores de 18 años transfundidos con plasma fresco congelado en la FCI-IC durante los años 2008-2010. Se definieron como casos pacientes identificados a partir del registro de eventos adversos transfusionales de la FCI que presentaron una reacción adversa transfusional a Plasma Fresco Congelado de los siguientes tipos: alérgica, febril, edema pulmonar no cardiogénico, sobrecarga volumen, CID o PTT. Los controles se definieron como personas que recibieron transfusión de plasma fresco congelado y cumpliendo los criterios de selección, no presentaron reacción adversa transfusional. Resultados: La edad de los casos fue significativamente menor (52,4 vs. 60,5 p=0,001). Para las reacciones alérgicas, el número de unidades de plasma provenientes de una unidad externa (0,7 vs. 0,0 p=0,003), de una donante de sexo femenino (2,5 vs. 1,4 p=0,11) y la paridad de dichas donantes (4,0 vs. 2,6 p=0,04), fueron en promedio mayor que para los controles. La presencia de sépsis (OR:0.01, IC95%:0,01-0,87, p=0,015) y de diabetes (OR:0.9, IC95%:0,01-0,54, p=0,003) se comportaron como factores protectores para el desarrollo de una reacción alérgica. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo son compatibles con el hecho de que las reacciones adversas transfusionales están relacionadas con plasma provenientes de un banco de sangre externo, de donantes mujeres y de mujeres con un mayor número de gestaciones.

Contribuição para o estudo das transfusões sanguíneas no cão e no gato : situação em Portugal e estudo de 61 transfusões

Os avanços na área da Medicina transfucional, nomeadamente a descoberta de nova informação sobre os grupos sanguíneos de várias espécies, a introdução rotineira da tipificação sanguínea e das provas de compatibilidade eritrocitária, o estudo das reacções transfusionais adversas, o despiste de doenças infeciosas no dador e a aplicação da terapia por componentes, têm contribuído para aumentar a segurança da transfusão sanguínea em Medicina Veterinária e, por consequência, a sua utilização é cada vez mais frequente. O presente trabalho é constituído por três objectivos: perspectivar a medicina transfusional em Portugal através da análise dos resultados de um inquérito, dirigido aos CAMV, nomeadamente sobre o uso da terapia por componentes, as principais indicações de transfusão e a ocorrência de reacções transfusionais; caracterizar a população de gatos e cães receptores de transfusões sanguíneas, com enfoque na prevalência dos diferentes grupos sanguíneos, na indicação para a realização da transfusão e tipo de produto administrado; determinar a ocorrência de reacções transfusionais através da monotorização do doente antes, durante e após a administração das transfusões. No presente estudo, 86% dos Centros de Atendimento Médico Veterinário (CAMV) inquiridos recorrem à transfusão sanguínea como terapia complementar. Destes, 54.7% utiliza sangue total e produtos do sangue, 41.3% apenas sangue total e 4% apenas produtos do sangue. Os produtos do sangue mais utilizados são o concentrado de glóbulos vermelhos e o plasma fresco congelado (34.2% e 31.6% respectivamente). A anemia constitui o principal motivo para a realização de transfusões sanguíneas e a hipertermia a reacção transfusional mais frequente. Relativamente à caracterização da população de cães e gatos que receberam transfusão sanguínea conclui-se que 77.8% dos cães pertenciam ao grupo DEA 1.1 negativo e 22.2% ao grupo DEA 1.1 positivo. Todos os gatos incluídos neste estudo pertenciam ao grupo sanguíneo A. A anemia por hemorragia foi a indicação predominante para a administração de sangue nos cães (54.3%). Nos gatos a anemia por não produção de eritrócitos prevalece (60%). No que respeita às reacções transfusionais, das 61 transfusões realizadas apenas se registou uma dispneia num gato.

Avaliação do transplante de medula óssea alogênico por meio do estudo de regiões de repetições seqüenciais no genoma humano (VNTRs e STRs)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram estabelecer um protocolo para a análise de minissatélites ou VNTRs e microssatélites ou STRs em pacientes que se submeteram ao TMO alogênico; verificar a validade da metodologia e dos loci estudados e avaliar o tipo de recuperação do paciente. Foram analisados o DNA do paciente anterior e posterior ao transplante de 14 indivíduos e dos respectivos doadores. Amplificações por PCR de seis loci: D1S80, SE33, HumTH01, 33.6, HumARA e HumTPO foram realizadas. Os produtos amplificados foram separados por eletro­forese vertical em gel de poliacrilamida, e os fragmentos visualizados por coloração pela prata. Esse procedimento mostrou ser válido na verificação da recuperação alogênica, autóloga e provavelmente na quimérica. da somatória dos loci estudados, 63,1% apresentaram resultados possíveis de serem avaliados e, desses, 19,0% mostraram resultado informativo, 13,1% parcialmente informativo e 31,0% não informativo. Os 36,9% restantes não foram possíveis de avaliação. Dos loci avaliados, o que demostrou maior índice de resultado informativo foi o SE33, parcialmente informativo o HumTPO e não informativo o HumTH01, sendo o locus 33.6 o que mais apresentou resultados não possíveis de serem avaliados. Por outro lado, determinou-se a recuperação do paciente posterior ao transplante em 71,4% dos indivíduos, sendo que, desses, 90% apresentaram recuperação alogênica e 10% recuperação autóloga.

Estratégia anestesiológica para cesariana em paciente portadora de deficiência de fator XI: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A deficiência do fator XI é uma doença hematológica rara na população. A hemofilia C (deficiência do fator XI) ocorre em ambos os sexos e normalmente não apresenta qualquer sintomatologia, podendo manifestar-se apenas como hemorragia pós-cirúrgica. É uma doença autossômica recessiva, homozigótica ou heterozigótica, e sua gravidade depende dos níveis de fator XI. O objetivo desse relato foi apresentar a estratégia anestésica em paciente portadora de hemofilia C. RELATO do CASO: Paciente com 32 anos, gesta I/para 0, 39 semanas de gestação programada para cesariana eletiva. Paciente portadora de deficiência de fator XI. Exame clínico e laboratorial sem alterações. Conforme orientação do hematologista, no dia da cesárea a paciente usou prometazina 25 mg; hidrocortisona 500 mg, devido a reações transfusionais prévias, e plasma 10 mL-1.kg-1 num total de 700 mL. Após 2 horas foi submetida ao bloqueio subaracnóideo sob monitorização de rotina. Hidratação com RL 2000 mL. Procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico sem intercorrências. A paciente evoluiu no pós-operatório sem intercorrências, sendo que no 3º DPO fez uso de plasma fresco congelado (PFC) 10.mL-1.kg-1 com o objetivo de evitar sangramento pós cirúrgico tardio. CONCLUSÕES: O objetivo do caso foi apresentar o protocolo anestésico para pacientes portadores de hemofilia C e alertar para a necessidade de investigação em caso de antecedente de sangramento pós-operatório, quando um estudo da coagulação deve ser realizado antes de qualquer procedimento invasivo e, se um TTPA prolongado for encontrado, torna-se imperativo pesquisar a deficiência desse fator.

Viability of OPS Vitrified Sheep Embryos After Direct Transfer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability in the effect of open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification procedure of sheep embryos after direct transference. Embryos were produced in vivo and cryopreserved in slow freezing or OPS vitrification. The survival rates of cryopreserved embryos were compared to non-frozen standard pattern. In a first set of experiments, embryos at morula and blastocyst stages were dived in ethylene glycol (1.5 M) and frozen in an automatic freezer. After being thawed, they were directly or indirectly transferred to ewes recipient. A second group of embryos were drawn into OPS and plunged into liquid nitrogen after being exposed at room temperature for 1 min and 45 s in 10% EG plus 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), then again for 30 s in 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose. After being warmed, embryos were also directly transferred using a French mini straw as the catheter for the transplantation process or after in vitro dilution of cryoprotectants (two-step-process). No significant difference was observed among fresh, frozen or vitrified embryos on pregnancy rate (50.0%, 38.6% and 55.8%). However, when we evaluated only the direct transference, the pregnancy rate of OPS vitrified embryos was higher than that of frozen embryos (57.1% vs 34.8%) (p = 0.07). In addition, vitrified morulae had a higher pregnancy rate than the one with frozen embryos (64.0% vs 38.9%) (p = 0.07). Finally, our results indicate that OPS vitrification technique in association with direct transference improves the viability of sheep embryos with potential applications to field conditions.