L'administration de Sébastien-Joseph de Carvalho et Mélo, comte d'Oeyras, marquis de Pombal, secrétaire d'état, & premier ministre du roi de Portugal Joseph I.

Mode of access: Internet.

The last days of the Emperor Napoleon, /

Mode of access: Internet.

The private diaries of the Empress Marie-Louise, wife of Napoleon I,

Mode of access: Internet.

The miscellaneous works of Sir Walter Scott, bart. ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Alt-Österreich : Festspiel für das fünfzigjährige Regierungsjubiläum Seiner Majestät des Kaisers und Königs Franz Josef I. /

Cover title.

Relation des opérations de l'armée aux ordres du prince Joseph Poniatowski pendant la campagne de 1809 en Pologne contre les Autrichiens;

Imperfect: portrait wanting.

Recollections of the Emperor Napoleon : during the first three years of his captivity on the island of St. Helena, including the time of his residence at her father's house, "The Briars" /

Mode of access: Internet.

The curse of the Romanovs a study of the lives and reigns of two tsars Paul I and Alexander I of Russia: 1754-1825.

Bibliography: p. 413-416.

Joseph Dennie: editor of "The Port folio" and author of "The lay preacher" ...

Xerox reprint, 1967, Univ. Microfilms.

The home and court life of the Emperor Napoleon and his family, with pictures of the most distinguished persons of the time,

Added title page: The autobiography and recollections of Laura, duchess of Abrantès (widow of General Junot) : with reminiscences of her life in Corsica, Paris, and in Spain and Portugal.

Repair of calvarial defects with customized tissue-engineered bone grafts - I. Evaluation of osteogenesis in a three-dimensional culture system

Bone generation by autogenous cell transplantation in combination with a biodegradable scaffold is one of the most promising techniques being developed in craniofacial surgery. The objective of this combined in vitro and in vivo study was to evaluate the morphology and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cells and calvarial osteoblasts in a two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) culture environment (Part I of this study) and their potential in combination with a biodegradable scaffold to reconstruct critical-size calvarial defects in an autologous animal model [Part II of this study; see Schantz, J.T., et al. Tissue Eng. 2003;9(Suppl. 1):S-127-S-139; this issue]. New Zealand White rabbits were used to isolate osteoblasts from calvarial bone chips and bone marrow stromal cells from iliac crest bone marrow aspirates. Multilineage differentiation potential was evaluated in a 2-D culture setting. After amplification, the cells were seeded within a fibrin matrix into a 3-D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold system. The constructs were cultured for up to 3 weeks in vitro and assayed for cell attachment and proliferation using phase-contrast light, confocal laser, and scanning electron microscopy and the MTS cell metabolic assay. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by determining the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin. The bone marrow-derived progenitor cells demonstrated the potential to be induced to the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic pathways. In a 3-D environment, cell-seeded PCL scaffolds evaluated by confocal laser microscopy revealed continuous cell proliferation and homogeneous cell distribution within the PCL scaffolds. On osteogenic induction mesenchymal progenitor cells (12 U/L) produce significantly higher (p < 0.05) ALP activity than do osteoblasts (2 U/L); however, no significant differences were found in osteocalcin expression. In conclusion, this study showed that the combination of a mechanically stable synthetic framework (PCL scaffolds) and a biomimetic hydrogel (fibrin glue) provides a potential matrix for bone tissue-engineering applications. Comparison of osteogenic differentiation between the two mesenchymal cell sources revealed a similar pattern.