Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation rendus en matière criminelle

1814 (T19,N3).

Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation rendus en matière criminelle

1814 (T19,N4).

Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation rendus en matière criminelle

1814 (T19,N2).

Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation rendus en matière criminelle

1814 (T19,N1).

Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation rendus en matière criminelle

1814 (T19,N8).

Bulletin des arrêts de la Cour de cassation rendus en matière criminelle

1814 (T19,N9).

Resonant gravity-wave drag enhancement in linear stratified flow over mountains

High-drag states produced in stratified flow over a 2D ridge and an axisymmetric mountain are investigated using a linear, hydrostatic, analytical model. A wind profile is assumed where the background velocity is constant up to a height z1 and then decreases linearly, and the internal gravity-wave solutions are calculated exactly. In flow over a 2D ridge, the normalized surface drag is given by a closed-form analytical expression, while in flow over an axisymmetric mountain it is given by an expression involving a simple 1D integral. The drag is found to depend on two dimensionless parameters: a dimensionless height formed with z_1, and the Richardson number, Ri, in the shear layer. The drag oscillates as z_1 increases, with a period of half the hydrostatic vertical wavelength of the gravity waves. The amplitude of this modulation increases as Ri decreases. This behaviour is due to wave reflection at z_1. Drag maxima correspond to constructive interference of the upward- and downward-propagating waves in the region z < z_1, while drag minima correspond to destructive interference. The reflection coefficient at the interface z = z_1 increases as Ri decreases. The critical level, z_c, plays no role in the drag amplification. A preliminary numerical treatment of nonlinear effects is presented, where z_c appears to become more relevant, and flow over a 2D ridge qualitatively changes its character. But these effects, and their connection with linear theory, still need to be better understood.

Traité de Paix : [entre l'empereur des Français, roi d'Italie, protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin, et l'empereur d'Autriche, roi de Hongre et de Boheme, 14 octobre 1809] Trattato di pace.

Text in french and Itlian.

Die Rheinische Konföderations-Akte, oder der am 12. Julius, 1806, zu Paris abgeschlossene Vertrag.

French and German text.

Collection complète des discours de M. de Fontanes.

With: France. Chambre des pairs, 1814-1848. Discours prononcé dans cette séance par M. le marquis de Pastoret à l'occasion de la mort de M. le marquis de Fontanes. [Paris, 182-].