In vitro fertilization, embryo development, and cell lineage segregation after pre- and/or postnatal exposure of female mice to ambient fine particulate matter

Objective: To evaluate effects of pre- and/or postnatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter on fertilization, embryo development, and cell lineage segregation in preimplantation blastocysts using the IVF mouse model. Design: Animal model. Setting: Academic institution. Animal(S): Six-week-old, superovulated mice. Intervention(s): Pre- and postnatal exposure to filtered air (FA-FA), filtered-ambient air (FA-AA), or ambient air (AA-AA) in exposure chambers 24 hours a day for 9 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(S): Gestation length, litter size, sex ratio, ovarian response to superovulation, fertilization rate, embryo development, blastocyst and hatching rates, total cell count, and proportion of cell allocation to inner-cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). Result(S): Gestation length, litter size and birth weight, live-birth index, and sex ratio were similar among exposure groups. Ovarian response was not affected by the exposure protocol. A multivariate effect for pre- and/or postnatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter on IVF, embryo development, and blastocyst differential staining was found. Cell counts in ICM and ICM/TE ratios in blastocysts produced in the FA-FA protocol were significantly higher than in blastocysts produced in the FA-AA and AA-AA protocols. No difference in total cell count was observed among groups. Conclusion(S): Our study suggests that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter may negatively affect female reproductive health by disrupting the lineage specification at the blastocyst stage without interfering in early development of the mouse embryo. (Fertil Steril (R) 2009;92:1725-35. (C) 2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)

Effect of restricted feed intake on early reproductive development in Large White gilts

Forty-five Large White gilts were used to study the effect of energy intake from 28 to 176 d of age on body composition and reproductive development. From 28 to 60 d, the gilts were fed ad libitum a 16.6 MJ DE/kg, 24% crude protein and 1.3% total lysine diet. From 61 d of age three dietary treatments were used; 1) ad libitum access to feed (15.6 MJ DE/kg, 21% crude protein and 1.07% total lysine) (H), 2) feed offered at 75% (M) of the previous days intake of H, and 3) feed offered at 60% (L) of the previous days intake of H. ADG from 61 to 176 d of age was (p <0.05) affected by treatment. Although live weight at 176 d of age did not differ (p >0.1) the H gilts had higher (p <0.08) carcass weights than the M or L gilts. Back fat depths were similar (p >0.1) for all treatments at 115 d of age, however by 176 d of age M and H gilts were fatter (p <0.1) than L gilts. The mean lipid deposition (LD) from 115 to 176 d of age for L gilts (78.9 g/d) was less (p <0.05) than for M gilts (143.6 g/d) and H gilts (135.6 g/d). There were no differences between treatments for protein deposition (PD) over the same period. More (p <0.05) H gilts (n=8) attained puberty (first observed estrus) than either M gilts or L gilts (n=4 for both). Follicle numbers were similar (p >0.1) across treatments. For gilts that attained puberty, H gilts had fewer (p <0.05) follicles (13.5) than M gilts (19.7) and L gilts (21.3). For gilts with follicular development, H gilts had the heaviest (458.7 g) reproductive tract weight (RTW). However, for those that attained puberty, L gilts had the heaviest RTW. RTW were lowest for those with no follicular development. Energy restriction had a negative impact on puberty attainment, i.e. it took longer to reach puberty. However, for gilts that attained puberty, the number of follicles was greater for those on lower feed intakes. It would appear that rate of fat deposition, but not necessarily the total amount of fat, plays an important role in puberty attainment.

Female germ cell renewal during the annual reproductive cycle in Ostariophysians fish

The objective was to characterize female germ cell renewal during the annual reproductive cycle in two species of ostariophysian fish with distinct reproductive strategies: a siluriform, Pimelodus maculatus, in which oocyte development is group synchronous and the annual reproductive period is short; and a characiform, Serrasalmus maculatus, with asynchronous oocyte development and a prolonged reproductive period. These reproductive strategies result in fish determinate and indeterminate fecundity, respectively. Annual reproductive phases were determined by biometric and histologic analysis of gonads and interpreted according to new proposals for phase classification and stages of oocyte development (with special attention to germinal epithelium activity). Histologically, there were two types of oogonia in the germinal epithelium: single oogonia and those in mitotic proliferation. Oogonial proliferation and their entry into meiosis resulted in formation of cell nests (clusters of cells in the ovarian lamellae). Morphometric analysis was used to estimate germ cell renewal. Based on numbers of single oogonia in the lamellar epithelium, and nests with proliferating oogonia or early prophase oocytes throughout the annual reproductive cycle, oogonial proliferation and entrance into meiosis were more intense during the regenerating phase and developing phase, but decreased sharply (P < 0.05) during the spawning-capable phase. Oogonial proliferation gradually recovered during the regressing phase. We concluded that, independent of species or features of the reproductive cycle, germ cell renewal occurred during the regenerating phase, ensuring availability of eggs for the spawning event. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Perinatal Androgenic Exposure and Reproductive Health Effects Female Rat Offspring

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Development of an animal model for endometrial ablation using trichloroacetic acid

Objective: To develop an animal model of endometrial ablation, and to evaluate the histologic effects of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the uterine cavity. Design: Experimental prospective. Setting: Department of gynecology. Patient(s): Thirty female adult rats. Intervention(s): Animals were submitted to injection of TCA in one uterine horn and saline solution in the other. Group 1 was sacrificed the day after the procedure. Group 2 was sacrificed in phase of diestrus. Superficial epithelia of the endometrium, stromal thickness, endometrial glands, and myometrium thickness were compared among the uterine horns of the same rats of group 1. The same evaluation was performed in group 2. Endometrial regeneration was evaluated. Main Outcome Measure(s): Histologic effects. Result(s): In group 1, histologic parameters showed endometrial destruction on TCA injected uterine horn. In group 2, four rats died after the procedure, and six rats had no viable material. In the rest of the group, TCA-injected uterine horns showed endometrial destruction. Superficial epithelia of the endometrium and stromal thickness were similar between TCA uterine horn from groups. However, the number of endometrial glands was higher in group 1. Conclusion(s): The study developed an experimental model for endometrial ablation. TCA acid is a potent agent for endometrial ablation in rat model. No endometrial regeneration was observed after recovery of cycle. (Fertil Steril (R) 2011; 95: 2418-21. (C) 2011 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)

Pulmonary Maturation in Canine Foetuses From Early Pregnancy to Parturition

Development of the foetal respiratory system includes both pulmonary growth and maturation. In human medicine, a higher incidence of respiratory distress is reported in newborn males. This study aimed to identify different phases of canine foetal lung maturation throughout pregnancy, to determine the stage of pregnancy in which surfactant production begins and to compare pulmonary development of male and female foetuses. Pregnant bitches (34) were subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy and allocated into four groups, according to the stage of pregnancy: 30-40 days of pregnancy (n = 10), 41-50 days (n = 10), 51-60 days (n = 10) and bitches in the first stage of parturition (n = 4). Foetal lungs were histologically processed and evaluated by optical microscopy. The pseudoglandular phase was identified between the 35th day and 46th day of gestation; the onset of canalicular and saccular periods was observed, respectively, from the 48th day and 60th day of pregnancy. Lungs from foetuses at term were in the saccular phase; thus, the development into the alveolar period occurs in the neonatal period. The histological analyses revealed that respiratory tract development is centrifugal, from upper to lower airways. Therefore, it is possible to identify distinct development periods in different portions of the same organ. In conclusion, the saccular phase of lung development begins around 57 and 60 days of pregnancy, the period in which surfactant production is believed to occur. Male and female foetuses present similar pulmonary development from early pregnancy until parturition.

Oviductal Fluid Proteins Associated with the Bovine Zona Pellucida and the Effect on In Vitro Sperm-Egg Binding, Fertilization and Embryo Development

Studies have demonstrated that oviductal fluid (ODF) proteins associate with eggs of numerous species including the bovine. In this study, the association of three ODF proteins, the bovine oestrus-associated protein, osteopontin (OPN), lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), with the bovine zona pellucida (ZP) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The biological function of ODF derived egg-associated OPN and L-PGDS in sperm binding, fertilization and embryonic development was also explored. In vitro matured bovine oocytes were pre-incubated with ODF collected by cannula from cows in oestrus, or ODF with antibodies to OPN, L-PGDS and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Following incubation, oocytes were inseminated with 1 x 10(5) frozen-thawed spermatozoa, and they were evaluated for sperm binding, fertilization and embryonic development in vitro. Pre-treatment of ODF with antibodies to all of proteins reduced sperm binding to the ZP and fertilization in vitro. Cleavage rates were not significantly different among incubations, but rates of embryo development were significantly decreased. We conclude that antibodies to OPN, L-PGDS and BSA react with oocytes incubated with ODF and inhibit sperm binding, fertilization and embryonic development in vitro, suggesting a potential role of these proteins in these events.

Salpingohysterectomy in a female budgericar (melopsittacus undulatus) due to oviduct impaction

Female breeding tract disease is common in small psittacine clinical practice. The author makes a brief introduction to these issues, followed by a case report. In the latest, it is described the surgical resolution of oviduct impaction in a female budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).

Expanding the phenotype and genotype of female GnRH deficiency.

Context: GnRH deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of absent or partial pubertal development. The clinical and genetic characteristics of GnRH-deficient women have not been well-described. Objective: To determine the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of a large series of GnRH-deficient women. Design, Setting, and Subjects: Retrospective study of 248 females with GnRH deficiency evaluated at an academic medical center between 1980 and 2010. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical presentation, baseline endogenous GnRH secretory activity, and DNA sequence variants in 11 genes associated with GnRH deficiency. Results: Eighty-eight percent had undergone pubarche, 51% had spontaneous thelarche, and 10% had 1-2 menses. Women with spontaneous thelarche were more likely to demonstrate normal pubarche (P = 0.04). In 27% of women, neuroendocrine studies demonstrated evidence of some endogenous GnRH secretory activity. Thirty-six percent (a large excess relative to controls) harbored a rare sequence variant in a gene associated with GnRH deficiency (87% heterozygous and 13% biallelic), with variants in FGFR1 (15%), GNRHR (6.6%), and PROKR2 (6.6%) being most prevalent. One woman had a biallelic variant in the X-linked gene, KAL1, and nine women had heterozygous variants. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of female GnRH deficiency varies from primary amenorrhea and absence of any secondary sexual characteristics to spontaneous breast development and occasional menses. In this cohort, rare sequence variants were present in all of the known genes associated with GnRH deficiency, including the novel identification of GnRH-deficient women with KAL1 variants. The pathogenic mechanism through which KAL1 variants disrupt female reproductive development requires further investigation.

The role of Receptor Activator of NFKB Ligand (RANKL) in mammary gland development

Abstract : The female reproductive hormones estrogen, progesterone and prolactin control postnatal breast development and are important to breast carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which they elicit proliferation and morphogenesis remain poorly understood. Using the mouse as a model to study the molecular mechanisms through which hormones elicit morphogenetic changes in the mammary gland in vivo, we found the Receptor Activator of NFκB Ligand, a Tumor Necrosis Factor family member, to be strongly induced by progesterone. Recent publications suggested that hormone dependant RANKURANK signals are involved in the terminal differentiation of mammary gland alveolar buds into lobulo-alveolar structures competent for lactation. I show that in the absence of epithelial RANKL a distinct earlier stage of mammary gland development, side branch formation, is blocked. RANKL acts as a major mediator downstream of progesterone; it is required for progesterone-induced paracrine proliferation and completely rescues the mutant phenotype when ectopically expressed in progesterone receptor (PR) KO mammary epithelia. RANKL is not required for cell autonomous division of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) /PR positive cells. Cyclin D1, previously implicated as a mediator of RANKL, is not affected by ablation of RANKL and is not required for RANKL-induced paracrine proliferation but for the cell autonomous proliferation. Gene expression arrays to find specific RANKL downstream targets have identified Id4, ElfS and one secreted metalloprotease (Adamtsl8) as potential candidates validated by Q-RT-PCR. Interestingly, Id4 and Adamtsl8 are expressed by the myoepithelial cells. Their expression additionally coincides with RANKL mRNA expression at mid pregnancy, possibly implying a functional contribution of both genes to RANKL mediated sidebranch formation. ElfS in contrast, is found to be strongly expressed by the end of pregnancy supporting recent findings of a prolactin mediated regulation. As for RANKL, this gene was in particular induced in luminal cells. Taken together, I report that progesterone is the major proliferative stimulus in the adult mammary gland eliciting proliferation of ERaJPR positive cells by a cell autonomous, cyclin D1-dependent and a paracrine RANKL-dependent mechanism. My work moreover suggests, that RANKL acts as a major orchestrator affecting different downstream mediators, through which progesterone exerts its effects concomitantly on different cellular compartments. Résumé : Les hormones sexuelles telles que l'oestrogène, la progestérone et la prolactine contrôlent le développement postnatal du sein et sont impliquées dans la cazcinogenèse. Les mécanismes par lesquels elles induisent la prolifération et la morphogénèse demeurent incompris. En utilisant la souris comme modèle, J'ai trouvé que le ligand activateur du récepteur de NFκB, une protéine de la famille du facteur de nécrose des tumeurs, peut être fortement induit par la progestérone. Les publications récentes ont suggéré que cette protéine est nécessaire à la fin de la grossesse, quand les cellules sécrétrices du lait apparaissent. Par des techniques de transplantation d'épithélium, je montre contrairement aux études précédentes, qu'en l'absence de RANKL dans l'épithélium une partie distincte du développement mammaire, la formation de branches latérales, est bloquée. La progestérone agit de manière pazacrine par l'intermédiaire de 12ANKL pour induire la prolifération tandis que la mort cellulaire n'est pas affectée. De plus, l'injection d'une protéine recombinante RANKL dans une souris mutante pour le récepteur à la progestérone induit la prolifération des cellules épithéliales en l'absence de grossesse ; la surexpression de RANKL dans ces mêmes mutants mène à une réversion complète du phénotype. Mes expériences démontrent que la progestérone induit deux types distincts de prolifération. Un premier type direct dans laquelle les cellules positives au récepteur à la progestérone prolifèrent. Cette division cellulaire est alors indépendante de RANKL mais dépendante de la cycline D1. Le second type de prolifération est induit par un mécanisme pazacrine et dépend de RANKL mais pas de la cycline D1. Ici, les cellules négatives au récepteur à la progestérone prolifèrent. Pour détecter des gènes cibles de la voie de signalisation du RANKL, un profil d'expression des gènes a été généré. Les facteurs de transcription Id4, EIf5 et une métalloprotéase sécrétée (Adamtsl8) ont été identifiés en tant que cibles potentielles. D'autres analyses de validation démontrent qu'Id4, Adamtsl8, RANKL mais pas E1f5 sont fortement exprimés au cours de la grossesse, coïncidant avec la formation de branchements latéraux induit par progestérone. EIf5 s'est avéré être exprimé vers la fin de la grossesse appuyant des résultats récents proposant une régulation par la prolactine. Le système canalaire mammaire se compose de couches cellulaires: une couche interne de cellules luminales et une externe de cellules myoépithéliale. Les expériences génétiques d'expression ont révélé que RANKL. et E1f5 sont exprimés dans la partie luminale tandis qu'Id4 et Adamtsl8 sont dans les cellules myoépithéliales. En conclusion, je prouve que la progestérone est le stimulus principal induisant la prolifération dans la glande mammaire d'adulte. Deux mécanismes de prolifération sont impliqués: l'un direct dépendant de la cycline Dl et l'autre paracrine dépendant de RANKI.. Mon travail suggère par ailleurs que RANKL agit en tant que médiateur important, par lequel la progestérone exerce ses effets sur différents compartiments cellulaires tels que la coordination de la prolifération des cellules épithéliales avec la réorganisation de la matrice extracellulaire et de la membrane basale exigées pour la morphogénèse du système canalaire latéral.

The Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on Fetal Male Rat Testicular and Adrenal Development

Many of the reproductive disorders that emerge in adulthood have their origin during fetal development. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can permanently affect the reproductive health of experimental animals. In mammals, male sexual differentiation and development are androgen-dependent processes. In rat, the critical programming window for masculinization occurs between embryonic days (EDs) 15.5 and 19.5. Disorders in sex steroid balance during fetal life can disturb the development of the male reproductive tract. In addition to the fetal testis, the adrenal cortex starts to produce steroid hormones before birth. Glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex are essential for preparing the fetus for birth. In the present study, the effects of exposure to endocrine disrupters on fetal male rat testicular and adrenal development were investigated. To differentiate the systemic and direct testicular effects of endocrine disrupters, both in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. The present study also clarified the role of desert hedgehog signalling (Dhh) in the development of the testis. The results indicate that endocrine disrupters, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and flutamide, are able to induce rapid steroidogenic changes in fetal rat testis under in vitro conditions. Although in utero exposure to these chemicals did not show overt effects in fetal testis, they can induce permanent changes in the developing testis and accessory sex organs later in life. We also reported that exposure to antiandrogens can interfere with testicular Dhh signalling and result in impaired differentiation of the fetal Leydig cells and subsequently lead to abnormal testicular development and sexual differentiation. In utero exposure to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) caused direct testicular and pituitary effects on the fetal male rat but with different dose responses. In a study in which the effects of developmental exposure to environmental antiandrogens, di-isononylphthalate and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p^’-DDE), on fetal male rat steroidogenesis were investigated, chemicals did not down-regulate testicular or adrenal steroid hormone synthesis or production in 19.5-day-old fetal rats. However, p,p^’-DDE-treatment caused clear histological and ultrastructural changes in the prenatal testis and adrenal gland. These structural alterations can disturb the development and function of fetal testis and adrenal gland that may become evident later in life. Exposure to endocrine disrupters during fetal life can cause morphological abnormalities and alter steroid hormone production by fetal rat Leydig cells and adrenocortical cells. These changes may contribute to the maldevelopment of the testis and the adrenal gland. The present study highlights the importance of the fetal period as a sensitive window for endocrine disruption.

Analyses of the development and glycoproteins present in the ovarian follicles of Poecilia vivipara (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae)

The morphofunctional aspects of oogenesis of Poecilia vivipara were studied aiming to understand the reproductive biology and development of species with internal fertilization, particularly those belonging to the family Poeciliidae. The stages of gonadal maturation and follicular development were characterized using mesoscopic, histological, histochemical, and lectin cytochemical analyses. Through mesoscopic evaluation the ovarian development was classified in six phases of development: immature, in maturation I, in maturation II, mature I, mature II, and post-spawn. Based on microscopic examination of the ovaries, we identified the presence of oocytes types I and II during the previtellogenic phase and types III, IV, and V during the vitellogenic phase. As oogenesis proceeded the oocyte cytosol increased in volume and presented increased cytoplasmic granule accumulation, characterizing vitellogenesis. The zona radiata (ZR) increased in thickness and complexity, and the follicular epithelium, which was initially thin and consisting of pavimentous cells, in type III oocytes exhibited cubic simple cells. The histochemical and cytochemical analyses revealed alterations in the composition of the molecular structures that form the ovarian follicle throughout the gonadal development. Our study demonstrated differences in the female reproductive system among fish species with internal and external fertilization and we suggest P. vivipara can be used as experimental model to test environmental toxicity.

Rôle de protéines épididymaires humaines et murines dans les fonctions spermatiques

L’infertilité affecte jusqu’à 15-20% des couples en âge de se reproduire. C’est pourquoi, mieux comprendre les mécanismes à la base de la fécondation est essentiel pour l’identification de nouvelles causes d’infertilité et l’optimisation des techniques de reproduction assistée. La capacitation est une étape de la maturation des spermatozoïdes qui se déroule dans le tractus génital femelle. Elle est requise pour la fécondation d’un ovocyte. Notre laboratoire a démontré que des protéines du plasma séminal bovin, appelées protéines Binder of SPerm (BSP), se lient aux phospholipides portant des groupements choline à la surface de la membrane des spermatozoïdes lors de l’éjaculation et promeuvent la capacitation. Ces protéines exprimées par les vésicules séminales sont ubiquitaires chez les mammifères et ont été étudiées chez plusieurs espèces dont l’étalon, le porc, le bouc et le bélier. Récemment, l’expression de gènes homologues aux BSP a été découverte dans les épididymes d’humains (BSPH1) et de souris (Bsph1 et Bsph2). Notre hypothèse est que les BSP chez ces deux espèces sont ajoutées aux spermatozoïdes lors de la maturation épididymaire et ont des rôles dans les fonctions spermatiques, similaires à ceux des protéines BSP bovines. Les protéines BSP humaines et murines représentent une faible fraction des protéines totales du plasma séminal. Pour cette raison, afin d’étudier leurs caractéristiques biochimiques et fonctionnelles, des protéines recombinantes ont été produites. Les protéines recombinantes ont été exprimées dans des cellules Escherichia coli origami B(DE3)pLysS en utilisant un vecteur d’expression pET32a. Suivant la lyse cellulaire, les protéines ont été dénaturées avec de l’urée et purifiées par chromatographie d’affinité sur ions métalliques immobilisés. Une fois liées à la colonne, les protéines ont été repliées à l’aide d’un gradient d’urée décroissant avant d’être éluées. Cette méthode a mené à la production de trois protéines recombinantes (rec-BSPH1 humaine, rec-BSPH1 murine et rec-BSPH2 murine) pures et fonctionnelles. Des expériences de chromatographie d’affinité et de co-sédimentation nous ont permis de démontrer que les trois protéines peuvent se lier à des ligands connus des protéines BSP comme la gélatine et l’héparine en plus de pouvoir se lier aux spermatozoïdes. Nos études ont également révélées que les deux protéines rec-BSPH1 peuvent se lier aux liposomes de phosphatidylcholine (PC) et sont capable de promouvoir la capacitation des spermatozoïdes. À l’opposé, rec-BSPH2 ne peut ni se lier aux liposomes de PC, ni stimuler la capacitation. Finalement, les protéines recombinantes n’ont aucun effet sur la réaction acrosomique ou sur la motilité des spermatozoïdes. Chez les bovins, les protéines BSP induisent la capacitation grâce des interactions avec les lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) et les glycosaminoglycanes. Puisque le HDL est également un joueur important de la capacitation chez la souris, le rôle de la protéine native BSPH1 murine au niveau de la capacitation induite par le HDL a été étudié. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que, in vivo, la protéine BSPH1 de souris serait impliquée dans la capacitation via une interaction directe avec le HDL. Comme les protéines BSPH1 humaines et murines sont orthologues, ces résultats pourraient aussi s’appliquer à la fertilité humaine. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse pourraient mener à une meilleure compréhension de la fertilité masculine et aider à améliorer les techniques de reproduction assistée. Ils pourraient également mener au développement de nouveaux tests diagnostiques ou de contraceptifs masculins.

Investigation of the Effects of a1-Adrenoceptor Antagonism and L-Type Calcium Channel Blockade on Ejaculation and Vas Deferens and Seminal Vesicle Contractility In Vitro

Introduction. Premature ejaculation is one of the most common male sexual dysfunctions. Current pharmacological treatments involve reduction in penile sensitivity by local anesthetics or increase of ejaculatory threshold by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. a1-Adrenoceptors (a1-ARs) and L-type calcium channels are expressed in the smooth muscles of the male reproductive tract, and their activations play an important role in the physiological events involved in the seminal emission phase of ejaculation.Aim. To evaluate if the inhibition of the contractility of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle by alpha(1)-AR antagonism or the L-type calcium channel blockade can delay ejaculation.Methods. The effects of the alpha(1)-AR antagonist tamsulosin and of the L-type calcium channel blockers, nifedipine and (S)-(+)-niguldipine, on contractions induced by norepinephrine in the rat vas deferens and seminal vesicles in vitro and on the ejaculation latency of male rats in behavioral mating tests were evaluated.Main Outcome Measure. Tension development of vas deferens and seminal vesicles in response to norepinephrine in vitro and behavioral mating parameters were quantified.Results. Tension development of vas deferens and seminal vesicle to alpha(1)-AR activation was significantly inhibited by tamsulosin, nifedipine, and (S)-(+)-niguldipine. Tamsulosin displayed insurmountable antagonism of contractions induced by norepinephrine in the rat vas deferens and seminal vesicle. Ejaculation latency of male rats was not modified by tamsulosin, nifedipine, or (S)-(+)-niguldipine; however, both the number and weight of the seminal plugs recovered from female rats mated with male rats treated with tamsulosin were significantly reduced.Conclusion. Seminal emission impairment by inhibition of vas deferens or seminal vesicle contractility by L-type calcium channel blockade or alpha(1)-AR antagonism is not able to delay the ejaculation. de Almeida Kiguti LR and Pupo AS. Investigation of the effects of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism and L-type calcium channel blockade on ejaculation and vas deferens and seminal vesicle contractility in vitro. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 159-168.

Hormonal Oscillations During the Estrous Cycle Influence the Morphophysiology of the Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Female Prostate (Skene Paraurethral Glands)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)