生命体能量代谢过程中的电子传递与光合作用中电子传递反应的化学模拟的ESR研究

本文采用电子自旋共振ESR方法，结合运用自旋捕捉技术（Spin Trapping-ESR）和时间分辨手段(TRESR)，针对某些与生命能量代谢体系电子传递及其化学模拟反应的研究相关的几个重要问题(包括高等植物光系统II颗粒内超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)的产生机制、光合作用模型体系电子传递和跨膜电子传递反应动力学、传统中药有效成分提取物抗氧化分子机理与构效关系），从分子设计、实验方法、分子结构理论、反应机理与动力学分析等几个角度进行了较为系统的探索性研究，并获得以下几点新颖的研究成果： 1．光系统II颗粒内光抑制过程中O2-生成的分子机制 (1)．首先，发展了新Spin Trapping-ESR技术，研制一系列性能优良的新型磷酰基取代的吡咯啉类活性氧自旋捕捉剂，并通过对比研究其捕捉性能，证明磷酰基取代的吡咯啉类捕捉剂比常用的DMPO捕捉剂的捕捉能力强、速度快，自由基加合物稳定性高，适合于光系统II体系中活性氧的研究。 (2)．在PSII颗粒的光抑制过程中成功地检测到了O2-，并探讨了影响O2-产生的诸多因素。包括氧分子的浓度、1O2增强剂与淬灭剂、pH值效应、电子传递链阻断剂的影响。首次提出了O2-生成的分子机制：PSII颗粒中产生的O2-是光系统II中反应中心产生的1O2与次级电子受体QA形成的质子化半醌自由基反应的产物。此外，设计了一套化学模拟体系，进一步证明了02-的生成的分子机制。 2. 中国传统性中药的酚类提取物抗氧化剂的抗氧化分子机理与构效关系研究 用理论计算与实验结合的手段，研究了酚类抗氧化剂与02的反应。探讨了酚类抗氧化物的分子结构与其抗氧化活性的构效关系，为评价抗氧化剂的抗氧化能力提供了一定的依据。 3．有关光合作用模型体系电子传递和跨膜电子传递反应动力学的探索性基础研究 (1)．对原有的电子自旋共振谱仪进行改造，自行设计并研制一套时间分辨ESR装置，时间分辨率达到准微秒级。 (2)．利用时间分辨ESR装置，对C60及其环加成衍生物分子间和分子内光诱导电子转移反应的自由基复合过程动力学进行了研究，从分子结构角度分析了影响电荷分离态稳定性的因素。 (3)．初步探讨了TPP／DODAC与HA／DODAC两种单层囊泡间的光诱导电子转移反应，获得了长寿命的电荷分离态，为光合作用模拟提供有价值的模型。 (4)．通过对比研究mes-卟啉Ⅱ／苯醌／CH。OH的化学诱导动态核自旋态极化( CIDNP)和ESR波谱，提出一个激发态苯醌与质子给体间的光诱导氢转移自由基反应新机理。

The development of aerodynamic performance measurements in a transient test facility

Transient test facilities offer the potential for the simultaneous study of turbine aerodynamic performance, unsteady flow phenomena and the heat transfer characteristics of a turbine stage. This paper describes the development of aerodynamic performance measurement techniques in the Oxford Rotor Facility (ORF). The solutions to the technological issues involved with transient testing presented in this paper are expected to achieve levels of precision uncertainty comparable with traditional steady flow test rigs. The theoretical background to the measurement of aerodynamic performance is presented together with a comprehensive pre-test uncertainty analysis. The instrumentation scheme for the measurement of stage mass flow rate is discussed in detail, the measurements of shaft power, total inlet enthalpy, and stage pressure ratio are also outlined. The current working section features a 62% scale, 1-1/2 stage, high-pressure shroudless transonic turbine. The required inlet flow conditions are provided by an Isentropic Light Piston Tunnel (ILPT) with a quasi-steady state run time of approximately 70ms. The testing is conducted at engine representative specific speed, pressure ratio, gas-to-wall temperature ratio, Mach number and Reynolds number.

Design considerations for a micro aerial vehicle aerodynamic characterization facility at the University of Florida research and engineering education facility

This paper describes the design considerations for a proposed aerodynamic characterization facility (ACF) for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). This is a collaborative effort between the Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate (AFRL/MN) and the University of Florida Research and Engineering Education Facility (UF/REEF). The ACF is expected to provide a capability for the characterization of the aerodynamic performance of future MAVs. This includes the ability to gather the data necessary to devise control strategies as well as the potential to investigate aerodynamic 'problem areas' or specific failings. Since it is likely that future MAVs will incorporate advanced control strategies, the facility must enable researchers to critically assess such novel methods. Furthermore, the aerodynamic issues should not be seen (and tested) in isolation, but rather the facility should be able to also provide information on structural responses (such as aeroelasticity) as well as integration issues (say, thrust integration or sensor integration). Therefore the mission for the proposed facility ranges form fairly basic investigations of individual technical issues encountered by MAVs (for example an evaluation of wing shapes or control effectiveness) all the way to testing a fully integrated vehicle in a flight configuration for performance evaluation throughout the mission envelope.

An advanced multi-configuration stator well cooling test facility

Optimisation of cooling systems within gas turbine engines is of great interest to engine manufacturers seeking gains in performance, efficiency and component life. The effectiveness of coolant delivery is governed by complex flows within the stator wells and the interaction of main annulus and cooling air in the vicinity of the rim seals. This paper reports the development of a test facility which allows the interaction of cooling air and main gas paths to be measured at conditions representative of those found in modern gas turbine engines. The test facility features a two stage turbine with an overall pressure ratio of approximately 2.6:1. Hot air is supplied to the main annulus using a Rolls-Royce Dart compressor driven by an aero-derivative engine plant. Cooling air can be delivered to the stator wells at multiple locations and at a range of flow rates which cover bulk ingestion through to bulk egress. The facility has been designed with adaptable geometry to enable rapid changes of cooling air path configuration. The coolant delivery system allows swift and accurate changes to the flow settings such that thermal transients may be performed. Particular attention has been focused on obtaining high accuracy data, using a radio telemetry system, as well as thorough through-calibration practices. Temperature measurements can now be made on both rotating and stationary discs with a long term uncertainty in the region of 0.3 K. A gas concentration measurement system has also been developed to obtain direct measurement of re-ingestion and rim seal exchange flows. High resolution displacement sensors have been installed in order to measure hot running geometry. This paper documents the commissioning of a test facility which is unique in terms of rapid configuration changes, non-dimensional engine matching and the instrumentation density and resolution. Example data for each of the measurement systems is presented. This includes the effect of coolant flow rate on the metal temperatures within the upstream cavity of the turbine stator well, the axial displacement of the rotor assembly during a commissioning test, and the effect of coolant flow rate on mixing in the downstream cavity of the stator well. Copyright © 2010 by ASME.

Zero carbon manufacturing facility - Towards integrating material, energy, and waste process flows

The increasing pressure on material availability, energy prices, as well as emerging environmental legislation is leading manufacturers to adopt solutions to reduce their material and energy consumption as well as their carbon footprint, thereby becoming more sustainable. Ultimately manufacturers could potentially become zero carbon by having zero net energy demand and zero waste across the supply chain. The literature on zero carbon manufacturing and the technologies that underpin it are growing, but there is little available on how a manufacturer undertakes the transition. Additionally, the work in this area is fragmented and clustered around technologies rather than around processes that link the technologies together. There is a need to better understand material, energy, and waste process flows in a manufacturing facility from a holistic viewpoint. With knowledge of the potential flows, design methodologies can be developed to enable zero carbon manufacturing facility creation. This paper explores the challenges faced when attempting to design a zero carbon manufacturing facility. A broad scope is adopted from legislation to technology and from low waste to consuming waste. A generic material, energy, and waste flow model is developed and presented to show the material, energy, and waste inputs and outputs for the manufacturing system and the supporting facility and, importantly, how they can potentially interact. Finally the application of the flow model in industrial applications is demonstrated to select appropriate technologies and configure them in an integrated way. © 2009 IMechE.

导电聚合物薄膜修饰电极的电化学ESR研究

本论文侧重用现场及非现场的光谱电化学方法研究导电聚合物的电聚合过程及聚合物薄膜修饰甲极的氧化-还原行为。用现场的ESR电化学研究了二苯胺的电聚合过程；用现场的可见光谱电化学及非现场的低温ESR研究了同多酸及杂多酸掺杂的聚吡咯薄膜的氧化-还原行为，同时对磷铜酸掺杂的聚吡咯薄膜电极的制备方法及聚合物薄膜修饰电极的电催化性能作了较为细致研究。