881 resultados para Estudantes universitários Brasil
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Este estudo caracteriza os processos de explorao vocacional e de ajustamento acadmico, e os traos de personalidade de estudantes universitários a frequentar o ISLA Leiria. A amostra inclui 115 estudantes, de ambos os sexos (62,6%) mulheres e (37,4%) homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 61 anos, a frequentar o 1 Ciclo do Ensino Superior, no ano letivo de 2010/2011. As medidas aplicadas foram o Career Exploration Survey (CES, Stumpf et al., 1983, verso adaptada por Taveira, 1997), o Academic Adjustment Questionnaire (AAQ; Lent et al., 2005; verso adaptada por Lent & Taveira, 2004) e o Inventrio de Personalidade Neo - Revisto (NEOPI-R; Costa & Crae, 1992; verso adaptada por Lima, 1997). Os resultados indicam que a explorao vocacional dos alunos est ativada, ao nvel das suas crenas, comportamentos, e reaes explorao, e que estes se encontram envolvidos em objetivos de trabalho. Verificou-se que no existem diferenas estatisticamente significativas nos processos de explorao vocacional em funo do sexo dos participantes e em funo dos anos que frequentam. Em termos de personalidade os resultados apresentam um nvel de Neuroticismo moderado, assim como uma Abertura Experiencia moderada tambm. A Conscienciosidade, a Extroverso e a Amabilidade revelam nveis mais positivos. No so verificados nveis significantes de diferena em funo do sexo de pertena ou do anos que frequentam. Relativamente ao Ajustamento Acadmico o dado mais relevante a fraca autoeficcia para ultrapassar obstculos. Aqui tambm no so registadas alteraes em funo do sexo de pertena ou do ano que frequentam.
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Dissertao apresentada ao Programa de Ps-graduao em Administrao da Universidade Municipal de So Caetano do Sul para a obteno do ttulo de Mestre em Administrao
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Este estudo discute as diferenas entre homens e mulheres com relao ao julgamento moral. Estas diferenas so abordadas tambm quanto ao gnero dos indivduos. Gnero o conjunto de atribuies psicolgicas dado ao sujeito a partir do seu sexo biolgico. Os indivduos de ambos os sexos podem ser categorizados de acordo com seu gnero como indiferenciados, tipificados sexualmente (masculino, feminino) e andrginos. Os estudos sobre a moralidade tm sido realizados enfatizando as diferenas entre os indivduos de cada sexo biolgico. Este aspecto mereceu ateno especial devido a fortes crticas ao sexismo da teoria e metodologia kohlbergiana, por ter sido postulada por um homem e considerar as questes morais sob um ponto de vista masculino, apresentando resultados colhidos com sujeitos do sexo masculino obtidos atravs de um instrumento com dilemas morais protagonizados principalmente por homens. Visando controlar estes problemas metodolgicos, este estudo prope a utilizao de protagonistas de ambos os sexos nos dilemas morais e a obteno de dados de sujeitos de ambos os sexos. Foram testados 300 estudantes universitários com idade entre 18 e 25 anos. Destes foram escolhidos 180 sujeitos categorizados como andrgenos (60), indiferenciados,(60) e tipificados sexualmente (60), metade de cada sexo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: o "BSRI" (Bem Sexual Role Inventory), produzido por Bem (1974, 1977) e traduzido e adaptado para o Brasil em 1982 por Oliveira, e o "MJI" (Moral Judgement Interview) de Kohlberg, em duas formas: (a) com o sexo do protagonista masculino e (b) com o sexo do protagonista feminino. Uma ANOVA revelou que: (1) existem diferenas de gnero no julgamento moral; (2) andrginos apresentam maiores nveis de julgamento moral do que os indiferenciados; (3) o sexo do protagonista no afeta as respostas de sujeitos de gneros e sexos diferentes; (4) no h diferenas de sexo no nvel de julgamento moral. A discusso dos resultados feita luz da abordagem cognitiva do desenvolvimento moral e sexual e enfatiza a proposio da varivel gnero nos estudos sobre a moralidade.
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O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no ms de setembro 2003, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, regio da grande Porto Alegre (Canoas e So Leopoldo), entre estudantes universitários do Curso de Comunicao Social, participantes e no participantes de um evento promovido pela BBC, durante os meses de fevereiro e maro, em oito capitais brasileiras. Tal pesquisa, de carter quantitativo, teve como principal intuito avaliar os resultados do projeto BBC Uni, em termos de conhecimento e imagem de marca da empresa BBC. Entre os objetivos especficos do trabalho esto: investigar a avaliao geral do evento realizado pelo projeto BBC Uni junto ao pblico-alvo deste e avaliar se a srie de eventos realizados no projeto BBC Uni incrementou o nmero de acessos ao site BBC Brasil. Como principais concluses obtidas a partir do trabalho tem-se que o BBC Uni, de forma geral, gerou um maior conhecimento sobre a empresa e aumentou as experincias e percepes positivas do pblico universitrio a respeito da marca. Verifica-se tambm, que o evento incrementou o nmero de acessos pgina da Internet e a relao da empresa com este pblico.
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A partir de reviso bibliogrfica sobre o conceito de carreira e suas transformaes ao longo dos ltimos vinte anos, vimos que at meados da dcada de 80 o conceito de carreira vinculada era complementar ao cenrio organizacional vigente e que a partir da dcada de 90 este conceito se tornou disfuncional ao novo cenrio organizacional que se apresentava. Surge ento, o conceito das carreiras sem fronteiras em que o indivduo no mais desenvolve sua trajetria profissional nos limites de uma mesma organizao, objetivando galgar nveis hierrquicos superiores. Diante deste quadro, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar qual era o conceito de carreira no imaginrio de alunos do ltimo ano de graduao da Escola de Administrao de Empresas de So Paulo da Fundao Getulio Vargas. E comparar este conceito quele trazido pela literatura. Alm disso, como existiam estudos anteriores em diferentes momentos histricos com a mesma populao (mesmo no tendo como seus objetivos conhecer o conceito de carreira) pudemos obter parmetros de comparao das transformaes das idias deste grupo ao longo do tempo. Para conhecer o significado de carreira no imaginrio da populao pesquisada utilizamos o conceito de representaes sociais de Serge Moscovici, definido como o substrato que forma o conhecimento do senso comum. A fim de capturar estas representaes sociais aplicamos 119 questionrios nos alunos da graduao tanto do perodo da tarde quanto da manh. Inicialmente analisamos os dados coletados de forma isolada e posteriormente os comparamos aos dados obtidos nas pesquisas anteriores realizadas com a mesma populao. A partir desta anlise e comparao pudemos concluir que as transformaes do conceito de carreira apresentadas pela literatura se confirmaram no imaginrio da populao pesquisada.
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Este trabalho estima o efeito das Interaes Sociais no desempenho dos estudantes no Brasil, a partir dos dados do SAEB 2005. Os resultados apontam que Peer Effects explicam uma parte importante da proficincia observada no exame de Matemtica. Alm disto, encontramos evidncias de que este efeito concentrado nos alunos no topo da distribuio de habilidade, o que sugere que polticas de ability tracking podem ser timas.
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No presente trabalho analisamos a eficcia de estratgias de signaling no contexto do relacionamento extra-didico. Adicionalmente, mensuramos tanto as preferncias declaradas quanto as reveladas pelos indivduos em suas interaes no ambiente virtual, comparando gneros e pases. Pesquisas anteriores sobre a temtica extra-didica apoiaram-se excessivamente sobre metodologias com substanciais lacunas: baixo nmero de observaes, universo amostral restrito a estudantes universitários, viis auto-declaratrio comprometendo a correta interpretao da realidade dos fatos, e ausncia de comparativos internacionais. Todas essas ponderaes foram superadas no presente estudo, no qual analisamos 100 mil indivduos, sendo 6 mil homens e 4 mil mulheres para cada um dos 10 pases da amostra: Argentina, Austrlia, Brasil, Canad, Chile, Itlia, Mxico, Espanha, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos. Assim, temos um universo amostral plrimo em termos de nacionalidade e nmero de observaes. As evidncias empricas aqui reveladas mostraram que indivduos do sexo masculino so mais ativos na conquista extra-conjugal, refutando a sugesto de uma convergncia comportamental. Homens contactaram em mdia per capita 30 mulheres diferentes no horizonte temporal de 3 meses, contra 13 na direo oposta. Em termos de preferncias fsicas, constatamos que indivduos de mbos os gneros procuram consumar a relao com uma contraparte idealizada. Mulheres mostram interesse por homens altos e experientes. Os homens querem mulheres mais novas e em forma. Homens baixos ou novos, e mulheres altas ou velhas, foram os mais rechaados da amostra. Com relao s preferncias declaradas e reveladas sobre o tipo de encontro extra-didico almejado, tanto homens quanto mulheres mostraram maior interesse por um caso rpido, indicando o intuito de estabelecer um contato pouco aprofundado, casual, de cunho fsico-sexual e com baixa vinculao afetiva. A opo menos escolhida foi um caso virtual, sugerindo a efetiva inteno de concretizar a infidelidade, e no mant-la restrita ao ambiente virtual. Por fim, verificamos que as estratgias de signaling analisadas (por meio de foto, feedback e presente virtual) foram fortemente eficazes. Em todos os casos indivduos que adotaram tais sinalizaes obtiveram substancial vantagem competitiva em relao aos demais e passaram a exercer maior atratividade, recebendo elevada parcela de mensagens e contatos.
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Customer participation has been studied for decades; however, it gained a postmodern perspective around the year 2000. Customers have become co-creators of personalized experiences, moving from the audience to the stage. In the educational context, students must take responsibility for their learning process and participate in the production of the service. This changing is providing opportunities and challenges for higher education institutions (HEIs) to redefine their relationship with stakeholders, especially with students. This study is based on the service dominant logic (SDL) perspective because students are assumed to take the role of co-creators of knowledge in the educational setting. The research uses adapted frameworks and concepts applied in organizational, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and also medical studies to advance the understanding of value co-creation in the HEI context. The current study addresses a lack of research in the higher education context focusing on defining students participation and students empowerment in higher education context. An empirical investigation was developed with traditional schools in Brazil. This investigation allowed the description of the constructs in the specific context. The description of student participation in HEIs context reflects the relevance of three dimensions information sharing, personal interaction and responsible behavior. In the Brazilian context, responsible behavior is the weakest dimension in the construct, because the responsibilities are unbalanced between students and professors. The main reasons identified for this unbalanced relation were cultural issues and local regulation. Student empowerment was described as composed by four dimensions meaningfulness, competence, impact and choice; however, one of them choice was identified as the weakest dimension, facing cultural and bureaucratic barriers for implementation in the Brazilian educational context. Moreover, interviewees spontaneously cited the idea of trust in the faculty as an important antecedent of student participation that must be considered when analyzing student participation and empowerment mechanisms. An additional contribution was the proposal of a theory-based framework for understanding the service dominant logic perspective in the HEI context, in which student participation and student empowerment were explored as mechanisms leading to positive student behavior toward institution.
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Fez-se um estudo sobre stress e ansiedade com alunos do ensino superior. O objectivo foi diminuir estes factores atravs da tcnica Terapia por Reestruturao Vivencial e Cognitiva (TRVC) que consiste na induo do Estado Modificado de Conscincia (EMC) atravs das tcnicas de relaxamento e hipnose. O EMC facilita o acesso s memrias inconscientes. Procurou-se fazer a ligao do stress e ansiedade com os eventos traumticos que esto na sua origem. A interveno foi composta por duas TRVC; a amostra foi constituda por estudantes universitários portugueses da Universidade da Madeira (um grupo de 13 participantes, 10 femininos e 3 masculinos, com idades compreendidas entre 19 e 39 anos). No final da interveno observaram-se mudanas positivas na maioria dos participantes.
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On the beginnings of the XXI century the brazilian universities was claimed by the Government and by the society to rebuild your ways of selecting students. Many questions are behind this theme, that goes since the concernings of the higher education institutions about select and graduate students, and now also students from disadvantaged sectors of the society; but also about personal issues, like concerns of the everyday of millions of youngs that integrates the brazilian society and that need to decide about your professional future after the finish of the Basic Education. The present thesis has as objective analyse the processes of the transition between the Basic Education and Higher Education on the point of view of students that achieved a place on the public university. This study was accomplished on the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte [UFRN on the original language], that implemented an Access and Social Inclusion Policy (PAIS [on the original language]) on the year of 2003, and since than a series of social actions had been developed. Among the main, we highlight the Inclusion Score action, an adicional score [on the entrance selection exam] for graduated students from public schools, which considers social and economic criteria and the academic development of these candidates on your Basic Education. Through quizzes and interviews with the graduated university students from public network, we could know the social, economic and academic profile of the students that entered on the UFRN by the time of the development of your PAIS, your schools and university trajectories, revealing some of the dilemmas, strategies, difficulties and personal cost of those that try to remain on the educational system besides the adversity conditions of schooling. For the theory foundation, we use authors like Bourdieu (1992, 1996, 2003); Coulon (1993, 2008); Ramalho (2004, 2007, 2008, 2010); Ramalho, et al (2011); Charlot (2001, 2003, 2005); Zago (2011); Nogueira, Romanelli e Zago (2011), among others, that contributed for a better analysis and understanding of thought and actions of the students in your own formative trajectories. Although we know that the educational inequalities are many, we found that the UFRN policy brought and is bringing many significant results, on the perspective of contribute with the increase of access for graduated students from the public network, and with the inclusion of these on the university
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L accs et la permanence des tudiants l universit sont trs prsents dans les dbats actuels relatifs l'enseignement suprieur. De nombreuses mesures sont prises dans les politiques d'accs dans le but de rduire les ingalits et d'encourager les tudiants ayant moins de chances d'entrer dans l'enseignement suprieur, comme les tudiants issus de l'enseignement public, qui ont encore un niveau infrieur celui souhait. Lorsque ces lves russissent terminer leurs tudes secondaires, passer l'examen d'entre et russir leur entre dans l'enseignement suprieur ils se considrent comme victorieux . Cette tude (pour le Master de l UFRN), dveloppe au sein du groupe de recherche de la formation et professionnalisation des enseignants (PPGed / UFRN), vise tudier la trajectoire des lves issus des coles publiques qui accdent une universit publique. Nous avons interview 12 tudiants, six de l'Universit fdrale de Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) et 6 de l'Universit d'tat de Bahia (UNEB) inscrits diffrents cours du premier cycle (Licence). Nous cherchons savoir comment s est droul leurs parcours au sein de l'Universit, notamment en ce qui concerne la prparation aux examens d'entre l universit (Vestibular) , la motivation du choix de cours, la premire anne l'universit, les habitudes d'tude, la relation avec l'apprentissage et les perspectives quant l'avenir des lves interrogs. Nous nous sommes rfrs aux travaux mens par Zago (2006), Ramalho (2003), Charlot (1997), Galland et Gruel (2009), Coulon (2008), Tinto (1993), Doray et l'quipe canadienne du CIRST (2009). L'entre l'universit comporte un triple processus, institutionnel (formelles et informelles), intellectuel (composantes cognitives et acadmiques) et social (vie sociale au sein de l'universit). L'tudiant entre l'universit et y trouve une nouvelle culture, de nouvelles connaissances et devra apprendre tre universitaire. Apprendre surmonter le moment de l tranget et bien passer par le processus de l'apprentissage des rgles, des codes de son nouveau statut et s accommoder de sa position d tudiant l'universit, arrive enfin, le temps d'affiliation, c'est dire, le moment de l'admission o l'tudiant se sent comme un vtran, et qu il peut dire que les dangers de l'abandon sont passs et qu il pourra continuer son parcours avec succs. Cette tude vise apporter des connaissances nouvelles sur les tudiants issus des coles publiques, comme contribution au domaine des politiques d'accs et de permanence l universit et de soutien pdagogique au sein de cette institution
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This study aimed to compare self-medication and domestic drug storage among undergraduate students in the areas of health and technology. This is a descriptive study of cross-sectional type and quantitative approach, conducted in a Public University of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sample consisted of 300 students of the third year of undergraduate courses at the Center for Health Sciences and Technology Center, selected through a simple random sample. The project was authorized by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CAAE 0137.0.051.000-10). Data collection lasted twelve months and was conducted during the period of study participants, in the university environment. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and applied Fisher s exact test and Chi-square test with adopted level of significance α=5% and 10%. For the variables that correlated with self-medication (p<0.05), we subsequently calculated the odds ratios and confidence intervals. The prevalence of undergraduate students who performed self-medication in the 15 days prior to the collection accounted for 33.7% and, by analyzing each knowledge area, we verified was a higher prevalence of self-medication among students in the technological area (37.3%). The analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in this practice revealed a significant difference between the knowledge areas in the income and self-medication variables (p=0.005). General analgesics and antipyretics (N02) represent the therapy group most used in self-medication (57.4%), especially acetaminophen (28.7%), and the main health situations that motivated this practice related to pain, especially headaches (48.5%). Regarding the indication of the drugs used, the majority of students self-medicated themselves on their own (71.3%). As regards to the in-home drug storage, most of the participants had a home pharmacy (88%). By analyzing the socioeconomic characteristics, the variables medical service and home medicine presented a significant difference (p=0.002). General 10 analgesics and antipyretics constituted the medicinal products most found in the home pharmacies, especially acetaminophen. The main room used for the drug storage was the kitchen (36.4%), most students kept these products in boxes of different materials (38.6%) and the medicines stored at home of most of the participants were not easily accessible to children (75%). The results reinforce the need to develop strategies, from the reality found, aiming to encourage and implement educational and preventive activities with undergraduate students on the importance of proper self-medication and in-home drug storage. Despite the sample in our study is relatively small, not representative for the whole country, we believe that, at national level, the panorama of the subject does not present major differences
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Men and women express different preferences for ideal romantic partners. These preferences seem to vary with the level of involvement and commitment expected for the relationship and the perceptions people have about themselves. The current work was developed to expand the findings related to this subject, investigating the market perception of romantic relationships and the effect of context on self-assessment and preferences for romantic partners. For this purpose, 753 undergraduate, Brazilian and American, were enrolled between March 2010 and November 2012 and took part in at least one of the four studies that compose this research, performing the assessment of specific stimulus-subject descriptions. Studies one and two addressed Brazilian and American samples to respectively describe female and male expectations on human mating market. It was observed that individuals from both the genders expect positive assortative mating within couples, that each trait is not evaluated independently, and, in addition to biological predispositions, factors as environmental local constrains and cultural values may also affect mating expectations. The contrasts between the samples showed that Americans valued physical-attractiveness and social-status in describing the same-gender subjects and their expected partners, while Brazilians valued social-skills. Another expectation was also identified for both genders: physically attractive women and men of high-status were expected to be paired to each other. Study three addressed males and females expectations regarding which characteristics are most relevant in ensuring desirable partnerships for same-gender individuals. The results showed that men and women can be grouped together by having similar expectations. However, the group mainly composed of men considered status characteristics as the most important attributes, while the groups mostly composed of women indicated that social skills or physical characteristics as the most important in appealing to a desirable partner. Finally, study four investigated the effect of social comparison on self-perception and mate preferences, revealing that individuals were aware of the attributes valued by the opposite-gender and that self-perception was affected by the attributes of other people. In sum, this work evidenced that romantic relationships can be interpreted as a biological market and that the value of the attributes in the romantic mating marketplace are associated with reproductive relevance of the characteristics.
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The sleep patterns of students entering the university, is accompanied by many factors that can lead to changes in sleep habits, such as academic demands, new social opportunities, reduced parental care and irregular teaching schedules. The irregular pattern of sleep-wake cycle is usually accompanied by several daytime consequences, for example, reduced levels of motivation, performance, concentration, alertness and mood as well as increased fatigue and sleepiness.Thus, there are numerous reasons to support the fact that these students may suffer damage in their academic performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) and cognition in medical students with different schemes teaching schedules. One group started classes at 08am, while the other started at 07am. We analyzed the data from 88 volunteers, 39 from each group. However, only those who participated in both stages of the study (n = 78) underwent cognitive testing. For subjective evaluation of the SWC was used questionnaires to check the quality of sleep, chronotype, daytime sleepiness and sleep habits. For objective evaluation was used actigraphy. For cognitive assessment was used the test MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The results indicate that the group has class earlier had a greater irregularity of the SWC and a worse performance in cognitive testing. There was a difference between the schedules the week and weekend in the subjective variables, bedtime, wake up and sleep duration in both groups. The objective variables, time in bed showed difference between the schedules the week and weekend to the group started class at 08am and the variables bedtime, get up time, actual sleep time, time in bed and wake bouts in the class at 07am. In the cognitive test, there were differences between the groups in overall score and in the areas of executive function and memory recall. Thus, it is suggested that the class starting time may cause irregularity of the SWC and the irregularity may cause mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, cognitive testing MoCA was sensitive to detect differences among students, although the difference between the schedules is small
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The human being has a fundamental role in issues concerning scarcity of energy resources as well as in the success of technologies which favor the use of renewable sources, such as wind energy. But what does wind energy mean for people? What are the psychological meanings concerning this term? Aiming to answer these questions, the general objective of this dissertation was to identify and to analyze the knowledge about wind energy taking into account a network of psychological meanings. One hundred and ninety one (191) university students from Natal-RN participated in the study, being male the majority (53%); aged between 17 and 51 years old (M=23.3 years; SD=5.7). Participants responded to self reports using the Natural Semantic Networks (NSW) technique, as well as to several sociodemographic questions. The results showed a consistent, positive and useful general semantic network. In this semantic network, knowledge about wind energy was represented by words that correspond to the appeal of (pro) environmental stance (e.g., clean and nature), that evinced both the technological aspect (e.g., force) and the economic aspect (e.g., economy). Results from different groups were also analyzed. The first set of groups (non-environemental and environmental) was divided considering the course (e.g., ecology and economy). The second set of groups(non-caretaker and caretaker) was divided based on the practice of environmental care expressed. Subtle differences were observed in the semantic networks of caretakers, who emphasized environment, an attribute not mentioned by non-caretakes. This indicates a construction of knowledge that is influenced by the presence or absence of the environmental commitment. Such findings may be useful in the construction of instruments for surveys and in the development of public and educational policies. Additionally, they may assist the media towards a more objective performance concerning wind energy
