Effect of web holes on web crippling strength of cold-formed steel channel sections under end-one-flange loading condition – Part I: Tests and finite element analysis

Web openings could be used in cold-formed steel beam members, such as wall studs or floor joints, to facilitate ease of services in buildings. In this paper, a combination of tests and non-linear finite element analyses is used to investigate the effect of such holes on web crippling under end-one-flange (EOF) loading condition; the cases of both flanges fastened and unfastened to the bearing plates are considered. The results of 74 web crippling tests are presented, with 22 tests conducted on channel sections without web openings and 52 tests conducted on channel sections with web openings. In the case of the tests with web openings, the hole was either located centred above the bearing plates or having a horizontal clear distance to the near edge of the bearing plates. A good agreement between the tests and finite element analyses was obtained in term of both strength and failure modes.

Diagnostic Tests and their Application in the Management of Soil- and Water-borne Oomycete Pathogen Species

Oomycete diseases cause significant losses across a broad range of crop and aquaculture commodities worldwide. These losses can be greatly reduced by disease management practices steered by accurate and early diagnoses of pathogen presence. Determinations of disease potential can help guide optimal crop rotation regimes, varietal selections, targeted control measures, harvest timings and crop post-harvest handling. Pathogen detection prior to infection can also reduce the incidence of disease epidemics. Classical methods for the isolation of oomycete pathogens are normally deployed only after disease symptom appearance. These processes are often-time consuming, relying on culturing the putative pathogen(s) and the availability of expert taxonomic skills for accurate identification; a situation that frequently results in either delayed application, or routine ‘blanket’ over-application of control measures. Increasing concerns about pesticides in the environment and the food chain, removal or restriction of their usage combined with rising costs have focussed interest in the development and improvement of disease management systems. To be effective, these require timely, accurate and preferably quantitatve diagnoses. A wide range of rapid diagnostic tools, from point of care immunodiagnostic kits to next generation nucleotide sequencing have potential application in oomycete disease management. Here we review currently-available as well as promising new technologies in the context of commercial agricultural production systems, considering the impacts of specific biotic and abiotic and other important factors such as speed and ease of access to information and cost effectiveness

Guide to spoken-word recordings : foreign language literature and instruction.

Mode of access: Internet.

A sewing course, comprising directions for making the various stitches and instruction in methods of teaching,

"Suggestive list of domestic art books": p. 128-133.

Sharpe's London magazine of entertainment and instruction, for general reading.

Vols. 22-23 include illustrations by George Cruikshank.

The Mirror of literature, amusement, and instruction: containing original essays; historical narratives; biographical memoirs; manners and customs; topographical descriptions; sketches and tales; anecdotes; select extracts from new and expensive works; poetry, and original and selected; the spirit of the public journals; discoveries in the arts and sciences; new facts in natural history, &c.

Editors: 1822-26, Thomas Byerley.--1827-38, John Timbs.

Sharpe's London magazine of entertainment and instruction, for general reading.

Vols. 22-23 include illustrations by George Cruikshank.

Friendly Labours : or tales and dramas for the amusement and instruction of youth /

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of Her Majesty's commissioners appointed to inquire into the revenues and management of certain colleges and schools, and the studies pursued and instruction given therein : with an appendix and evidence.

Treats of the public schools of Eton, Winchester, Westminster, Charterhouse, St. Paul's Merchant taylors', Harrow, Rugby, Shrewsbury.

The Lady's monthly museum, or Polite repository of amusement and instruction: being an assemblage of whatever can tend to please the fancy, interest the mind, or exalt the character of the British fair.

Mode of access: Internet.

Half-hours with the microscope : being a popular guide to the use of the microscope as a means of amusement and instruction /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Friend's family : intended for the amusement and instruction of children.

Stories of Thomas Ellwood and other early Quakers.

Notes, critical and practical, on the book of Leviticus : designed as a general help to Biblical reading and instruction /

"Commentators": p. vii-viii.