Impacts d’une formation établissant des liens entre les sciences et la cuisine sur l’enseignement des sciences au primaire

Depuis plusieurs années, l’enseignement des sciences joue un rôle de 2e plan, après le français et les mathématiques, chez plusieurs enseignants du primaire (Lenoir, 2000). Peinant à établir des liens entre les savoirs à enseigner et la réalité quotidienne, ces enseignants ayant souvent une formation lacunaire semblent rechercher de nouveaux outils didactiques efficaces. À cet effet, l’intégration de pratiques sociales de référence (Martinand, 1986) aux situations d’apprentissage peut constituer une pratique innovante favorisant la transposition didactique des savoirs disciplinaires. Misant sur l’intérêt grandissant des Québécois pour la cuisine, cette recherche tente de déterminer l’impact d’une formation continue établissant des liens entre les sciences et les pratiques culinaires sur l’enseignement des sciences au primaire. Pour cette étude de cas descriptive, six enseignants du primaire ont participé à deux rencontres de formation durant lesquelles elles ont expérimenté une situation d’apprentissage et d’évaluation (SAÉ) intégrant des activités culinaires. À la suite d’une période de mise à l’essai de cette SAÉ en classe, les sujets ont été interviewés afin d’établir les apprentissages réalisés durant la formation et de dresser une liste des avantages et des obstacles associés à l’utilisation d’activités culinaires pour enseigner les sciences. De plus, les suggestions émises visant l’amélioration de la SAÉ (rapport bilan écrit) ont permis de mettre en relief la prédominance de préoccupations de nature pédagogique, organisationnelle et socioaffective chez les sujets de l’échantillon. Cette recherche entraîne des retombées pour les didacticiens puisqu’elle fournit des données supplémentaires pouvant contribuer à améliorer la qualité du matériel didactique mis à la disposition des praticiens. De plus, la SAÉ développée pour cette étude constitue un outil didactique novateur pouvant être utilisé par les enseignants du primaire.

La réussite éducative des élèves du primaire issus de l’immigration et l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire

Reconnus comme des acteurs de premier plan dans l’éducation et la socialisation de l’enfant, les parents jouent un rôle important en ce qui a trait à sa réussite éducative. Cette thèse a conséquemment pour but d’étudier la contribution de l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire à la réussite éducative de l’élève du primaire issu de l’immigration. En plus de proposer un modèle de l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire et d’élaborer un questionnaire visant à rendre compte de cette implication, cette thèse s’est attardée aux différences en fonction de la région de naissance du parent. Les données utilisées pour les fins de cette thèse sont issues du projet Culture et Engagement Scolaire. Ce projet a pris place dans cinq écoles primaires situées en milieu défavorisé sur l’Île de Montréal. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d’élèves de la première à la sixième année par le biais de questionnaires ainsi que d’entrevues individuelles. Les parents de ces élèves ainsi que leur enseignant ont également été sollicités pour compléter un questionnaire. D’abord, nous nous attardons à la définition de l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire et à la validation d’un instrument de mesure s’adressant aux parents d’élèves du primaire. Une synthèse des études proposant des définitions de l’implication parentale est présentée et une définition inspirée de ces études est retenue. Un questionnaire découlant de cette définition est par la suite validé. Les analyses ont permis de mettre en lumière l’existence de cinq dimensions pour rendre compte de l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire soit l’encadrement lors des devoirs, la communication parent-enfant au sujet de l’école, l’importance accordée à la réussite éducative ainsi que les dimensions comportementale et affective du lien école-parent. De plus, des liens prédictifs ont été établis entre certaines de ces dimensions et le rendement scolaire de l’élève. Ensuite, nous reprenons l’instrument validé et examinons dans quelle mesure les dimensions de l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire prédisent deux aspects de la réussite éducative de l’élève, soit le rendement et l’engagement scolaire. Puis les différences au plan de l’implication parentale en fonction de la région de naissance du parent sont observées. Trois régions de naissance sont prises en compte, soit le Canada, l’Afrique du Nord et les Antilles. Les résultats permettent de mettre en évidence l’existence de différences entre ces trois sous-groupes au plan de la réussite éducative de l’élève, des pratiques privilégiées par les parents et de l’association entre ces pratiques et la réussite éducative de l’élève. Somme toute, les études présentées dans la thèse mettent en évidence l’association entre l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire et la réussite éducative de l’élève issu de l’immigration et fréquentant une école en milieu défavorisé. Cette thèse met également en lumière que la prise en compte des différences attribuables à la région de naissance du parent représente une voie à privilégier pour la recherche à venir sur la réussite éducative des élèves issus de l’immigration.

Conception d’un guide d’élaboration d’une épreuve de mathématiques dans une visée certificative pour la fin du cycle primaire au Burkina Faso

La présente recherche s’inscrit dans la mouvance actuelle orientée vers l’approche par compétences (APC) en Afrique de l’ouest. Née des exigences économiques et professionnelles à l’échelle mondiale, l’APC a connu son essor dans les années 1990. Par conséquent, le mode de recrutement sur le marché de l’emploi est basé sur les compétences des postulants. Il était donc légitime que l’école intègre cette nouvelle donne afin que les finissants puissent remplir les exigences socioprofessionnelles en temps opportun. De Ketele (2001, dans Hirtt 2009, p.6) est de cet avis quand il soutient que : « c’est en effet le monde socio-économique qui a déterminé la notion de compétence parce que les adultes que l’école a formés n’étaient pas suffisamment aptes à entrer dans la vie professionnelle ». L’APC rompt donc le caractère insulaire de l’école en faisant intervenir de nouveaux enjeux au niveau de l’enseignement, de l’apprentissage, des pratiques évaluatives des enseignants et des encadrements légaux dans les pays qui l’ont adoptée. Pour des contraintes socioéconomiques, le Burkina Faso a résolument opté de mettre en oeuvre une approche éclectique qui emprunte à l’APC certaines bases didactiques et pédagogiques. Cette option vise à doter le système éducatif burkinabé de mécanismes efficaces et efficients pour un enseignement de qualité tout en assurant la réussite et l’intégration socioprofessionnelle du plus grand nombre des sortants de l’école. Notre étude se situe dans cette nouvelle donne et vise l’amélioration du processus d’évaluation des élèves en fin du cycle primaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons conçu et validé un guide d’élaboration d’épreuves de mathématique dans une visée certificative pour ledit niveau afin de soutenir prioritairement les agents chargés de l’élaboration des épreuves officielles. En nous basant sur le paradigme de l’apprentissage, le constructivisme et la démarche méthodologique de Loiselle et Harvey (2009), nous avons examiné, dans un premier temps, les épreuves nationales développées au Québec et au Burkina Faso. Cette analyse a permis d’en relever les caractéristiques et d’identifier les éléments devant être retenus dans le cahier des charges au regard du profil des sortants défini dans le programme burkinabé. Dans un deuxième temps, un cahier des charges (version initiale.) a été développé en quatre sections afin de présenter les principes qui le sous-tendent : (1) l’élaboration des situations d’évaluation, (2) l’élaboration des outils d’administration de l’épreuve, (3) l’élaboration des outils de correction et de consignation et (4) les grilles d’évaluation. Dans un troisième temps, un groupe d’experts canadiens et deux groupes d’experts burkinabé se sont exprimés sur le degré de pertinence et de clarté de chaque section à partir de l’une ou l’autre version du Guide. Leurs observations et commentaires nous ont permis de le bonifier. D’une manière générale, les pourcentages des degrés d’accord pour la pertinence et la clarté des contenus développés au niveau de chaque section sont satisfaisants. Cependant, les recommandations des experts ont suscité des ajustements sur : 1) le contenu du guide soit de conserver une seule épreuve en mathématiques et de retirer les énoncés concernant les volets lecture et écriture en français; 2) le contenu de certains tableaux : à compléter ou à fusionner et; 3) la qualité de la langue : certaines phrases ont été reformulées, les erreurs de numérotation de certaines sous-sections ont été corrigées. La version finale serait celle qui est adaptée au contexte burkinabé. Ce guide est destiné aux structures chargées de l’évaluation des apprentissages et des acquis des élèves au Burkina Faso. Il constitue aussi un référentiel pour la formation initiale et continue des enseignants et des encadreurs. Bien que la recherche ait rempli des conditions méthodologiques et éthiques, la mise en oeuvre de ses résultats se limite au contexte burkinabé. Cependant, ils pourront soutenir ou orienter d’autres recherches qui s’inscrivent dans la même dynamique.

Educação escolar para crianças: o que dizem sujeitos deste direito?

The text aims to discuss the problems that this would be set: - What are the concepts of public school children about their right to primary education, as required step in the Basic Education? - What are conducted by children on the elementary school, in terms of its structure, teaching, and acquisitions provide for their users, especially when it comes to literacy? In order to answer these questions, we conducted within the qualitative a case study within twenty children of the early years of elementary public school, ten of the School Mauricio de Sousa and ten children of the School Monteiro Lobato. with construction procedures of data, we worked with observation, semi-directive interview, questionnaire and document analysis. In analyzing the data, two categories emerged: right to education and school for children. The first focuses on what children think about the legal guarantee to school, seeking to understand if they understand the educational area as a right and relate what the law says and the reality in which they participate. The category for school children, including their purposes, characteristics, space literacy and its relationship with the teacher. In this sense, we comment, taking as its founding, the speech of children in their schools, focusing on how they perceive the school in terms of its structure and functioning, relations with the knowledge and the other children. With regard to child rights, the appreciation of Brazilian children should be the basis of the struggle for a more just, democratic, nondiscriminatory. However, children show not recognize education as a right, but as one who deserves the credit, that is, those children who are always attentive, do not fight and do not complain. In interviews, children express a simple wish child that the school had toys. A school for children should be a place with its own characteristics: cheerful, lively, colorful, which included the same time, security and challenges. Children point to the hope that the course of action the teacher was guided by respect their differences in a more emotional, especially with regard to issues of authority and discipline of the group. The most important learning is for all subjects learning to read / write, differing in the idea of how to learn. Unfortunately, for some students, learning reading and writing appears as a difficult and enjoyable process is not perceived by some subjects up to recognize the instrumental writing. Finally, we point to the actors of the school to launch a more accurate to say that the children and how to outline your main locus of learning

Um estudo sobre o estágio supervisionado na formação inicial de professores de matemática na Bahia

This work arose from our concerns with the issues of teacher training for early childhood education. From the difficulties encountered as a novice teacher in elementary, we deem important to research training needs of these professionals. Thus, we define the objective of this research to investigate the training needs of novice teachers teaching Early Childhood Education/Elementary school. Our work fits in Educational Research Qualitative Approach, and its construction procedures of the semistructured interview data and document analysis. Our empirical field was made up of schools in the metropolitan region of Natal / RN, offering kindergarten / elementary school. The subjects are five teachers who act as holder of the elementary school class and have 0-3 years of teaching practice, characterizing the second Huberman (2007) as novice teachers. Data analysis, based on principles of content analysis, three themes emerged: Beginner Teaching Professor in Early Childhood Education / Preschool; Reasons explaining the difficulties Faculty / Formative Needs Teaching and Training in Early Childhood Education / Elementary school, from the Training Needs Analysis, with their respective categories, subcategories, contributing to our understanding of the subject matter. The entry into the profession is marked by mixed feelings of euphoria and fear, where there seems to be a "clash" with reality. The difficulties are related to the planning / execution of activities, meet the individual needs of learning and assessment of children. As a strategy to overcome the difficulties the teachers exercise the action-reflection-action in their practices and seek continuous updates in the theoretical and methodological framework of early childhood education. The reasons that define these difficulties may be related to the teacher, school, family, and students of these institutions. In experiencing these difficulties has outlined the need for teacher training, among which stand out studies on ethics in teaching with children, the concept of children and their childhoods, peculiarities of teaching / learning in preschool, toys and legal determinations on early childhood education, multi-language and expressions in early childhood education, specific content areas of knowledge, among others. Furthermore, studies on the theoretical as Piaget, Vigotsky, Maria Carmen Barbosa and Emily Smith. For these professionals to be a professional early childhood education is: like children, be patient and careful, have specific theoretical and practical training for teachers in kindergarten, being able to improvise with seriousness and competence and get updates on continuing education. The surveys, together with the authors and teachers, to confirm our understanding that the training needs of beginners may be related to shortcomings in the initial and continuing education

Necessidades de formação de professoras principiantes da educação infantil/pré-escola

This work arose from our concerns with the issues of teacher training for early childhood education. From the difficulties encountered as a novice teacher in elementary, we deem important to research training needs of these professionals. Thus, we define the objective of this research to investigate the training needs of novice teachers teaching Early Childhood Education/Elementary school. Our work fits in Educational Research Qualitative Approach, and its construction procedures of the semistructured interview data and document analysis. Our empirical field was made up of schools in the metropolitan region of Natal / RN, offering kindergarten / elementary school. The subjects are five teachers who act as holder of the elementary school class and have 0-3 years of teaching practice, characterizing the second Huberman (2007) as novice teachers. Data analysis, based on principles of content analysis, three themes emerged: Beginner Teaching Professor in Early Childhood Education / Preschool; Reasons explaining the difficulties Faculty / Formative Needs Teaching and Training in Early Childhood Education / Elementary school, from the Training Needs Analysis, with their respective categories, subcategories, contributing to our understanding of the subject matter. The entry into the profession is marked by mixed feelings of euphoria and fear, where there seems to be a "clash" with reality. The difficulties are related to the planning / execution of activities, meet the individual needs of learning and assessment of children. As a strategy to overcome the difficulties the teachers exercise the action-reflection-action in their practices and seek continuous updates in the theoretical and methodological framework of early childhood education. The reasons that define these difficulties may be related to the teacher, school, family, and students of these institutions. In experiencing these difficulties has outlined the need for teacher training, among which stand out studies on ethics in teaching with children, the concept of children and their childhoods, peculiarities of teaching / learning in preschool, toys and legal determinations on early childhood education, multi-language and expressions in early childhood education, specific content areas of knowledge, among others. Furthermore, studies on the theoretical as Piaget, Vigotsky, Maria Carmen Barbosa and Emily Smith. For these professionals to be a professional early childhood education is: like children, be patient and careful, have specific theoretical and practical training for teachers in kindergarten, being able to improvise with seriousness and competence and get updates on continuing education. The surveys, together with the authors and teachers, to confirm our understanding that the training needs of beginners may be related to shortcomings in the initial and continuing education

A educação ambiental em escolas de ensino fundamental e médio do município de São Carlos - SP

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

A leitura como prática cultural e o processo de escolarização: as vozes das crianças

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Autonomia do aluno na sala de aula de língua portuguesa: uma proposta de atividade articulando línguas e linguagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Programa Escola de Tempo Integral na região de Assis: implicações para a qualidade do ensino

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Caracterização acústica das vogais médias pretônicas do porguês falado em Barcarena/PA

O presente estudo visa caracterizar acusticamente o português falado na Amazônia Paraense, tendo como foco as vogais médias pretônicas da variedade linguística falada no município de Barcarena/PA. Esta pesquisa é vinculada ao projeto Norte Vogais, integrante do PROBRAVO, que tem como um de seus objetivos analisar acusticamente o sistema vocálico átono do Português Brasileiro (PB) falado no estado do Pará. O corpus total é composto por amostras de fala de 18 (dezoito) informantes nativos de Barcarena/PA, estratificados socialmente em sexo (masculino e feminino), faixa etária (15 a 25 anos; 26 a 45 anos e acima de 45 anos) e nível de escolaridade (fundamental, médio e superior). Ao todo, 818 realizações das vogais médias pretônicas orais foram analisadas, sendo 411 anteriores e 407 posteriores. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da leitura de um texto sobre futebol, por meio do qual os informantes selecionados produziram 53 vocábulos contendo as vogais médias em posição pretônica. No tratamento dos dados, foram tomadas medidas de F1 e F2 (Hz) das vogais alvo. Constatou-se, a partir da análise empreendida, que os falantes da variedade estudada dão preferência à manutenção das vogais médias, resultado que corrobora com a hipótese apresentada nos estudos variacionistas realizados pela equipe do projeto Norte Vogais. Além disso, verificou-se que, na fala feminina, em relação às anteriores, a variante alta ocupa quase o mesmo espaço acústico da variante média fechada e as duas mantém uma grande distância da variante média aberta. No caso das posteriores, as mesmas ocupam espaços acústicos bem diferenciados. Em contrapartida, na fala masculina, as variantes anteriores estão bem discriminadas e a variante alta e a média fechada posteriores estão muito próximas, distanciando-se significativamente na variante média aberta posterior. Uma tendência à centralização das vogais também foi observada.

Gênero e diversidade na escola: reflexões acerca da formação continuada sobre assuntos da diversidade sexual

This article aims to discuss reports brought by the teacher the early years of public school in the training course in Gender and Diversity in School (GDS), with regard to the prejudices of gender and sexual diversity. The GDS training course was offered in 2009 and 2010, by the Open University of Brazil (UAB), in cooperation agreement with the Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). In São Paulo the training centers were distributed in 09 municipalities. The course GDS was inserted in the modality teacher continuing education elementary education from the public schools, in the semipresencial way, and it was divided into five thematic modules: diversity, gender, sexuality and sexual orientation, race / ethnicity. In this article, we present the analysis of the memorials written by / the teacher / participants of the 1st GDE course, polo Jau, in the state of São Paulo, that link the learning which was experienced in the course. Were obtained reports about conflicts arising from the dissonance of personal beliefs and professional responsibilities; involvement of the life’s history of the teacher in his performance in the school (subjectivities); transposition of conceptual errors built out of school, between other aspects. It could be observed that the course has destabilized these teachers with some questions about their certainties. The difficulty in changing and transforming concepts and prejudices about sexual and gender diversity was clarified during the course. The course enabled the educators the contact with contemporary questions, reflect on their attitudes and conceptions of education, which can help to transform their practices in school, providing new perspectives on the issue of sexuality

A educação ambiental nos projetos político-pedagógicos das escolas municipais de ensino fundamental da cidade de Araraquara/SP

In this paper, we aim at describing and assessing Environmental Education in Pedagogical Policy Projects (PPP) drawn by eight elementary schools belonging to the city school network of the city of Araraquara, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. A framework was designed to detail references to topics and activities related to the environment contained in the respective PPP. Next, the information obtained was recorded under two categories: a) content and activities, and b) theoretical background. It was found that, although seven out of the eight PPP studied pointed to work towards environment-related topics, they do not enable the theoretical and methodological grounds behind their programmed actions be identified.

Diagnóstico dos casos de aprovação nas disciplinas de cálculo diferencial e integral I e II do curso de licenciatura em química - Unesp de Araraquara

Studies show that the disciplines of differential and integral calculus have high failure rates in all schools where they are present and, although this problem has been accentuated in recent years, it is not a local phenomenon. It's observed since 1970s in various Institutions of higher education in Brazil. These studies seek to understand the causes of failures and proposals for teaching methodology that aims to help reduce these rates. However, there is a large contingent of students who are successful at the first time that they perform these disciplines. And these cases, although they have not been studied, can contribute greatly to the understanding the aspects that are related to learning of them. And this understanding can lead to attitudes and learning and teaching methodologies that promote the expansion of this success. The fact that these subjects also have high failure rates in the Degree in Chemistry of this Institute, this study aimed to investigate the factors that were relevant to the cases for approval of the students performed for the first time. For this we constructed a questionnaire containing objective questions and open answers. The objective sought to diagnose the profile of these students with regard to age, gender, basic education (elementary and middle school), study habits, concurrent activities, among others. These questions were analyzed using simple statistics. The open-ended questions asked students to indicate that they attribute the success obtained in the disciplines and to suggest modes of study. These questions were analyzed using thematic categorization, a method of content analysis. This questionnaire was completed, voluntarily and without identification, by students who have passed the first time attended the courses Calculus I and/ or Calculus II and had never started another college prior to this. The results indicate that the most relevant factors in this process were dedication and correct habits...