Alpha decay half-lives of new superheavy elements through quasimolecular shapes

The lifetimes of alpha decays of the recently produced isotopes of the elements 112, 114, 116 and the element (294)118 and of some decay products have been calculated theoretically within the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. The alpha decay barriers have been determined in the quasimolecular shape path within a generalized liquid drop model including the proximity effects between nuclei in a neck, the mass and charge asymmetry and the precise nuclear radius. These calculations provide reasonable estimated for the observed alpha decay lifetimes. The calculated results have been compared with the results of the density-dependent M3Y effective interaction and the experimental data. It is indicated that the theoretical foundation of the generalized liquid drop model is as good as that of the microscopic DDM3Y model, at least in the sense of predicting the T-1/2 values as long as one uses a correct alpha decay energy. The half lives of these new nuclei are well tested from the consistence of the macroscopic, the microscopic and the experimental data.

基于RS与GIS的乔木层物种多样性分布格局——以辽东山区水源涵养林为例

根据ETM+遥感影像与实地考察数据,通过建立乔木层物种多样性反演模型及模型地面验证等方法,对辽东山区水源涵养林乔木层物种多样性分布格局及其在不同海拔高度和坡向上的分布状况进行了研究。结果表明:归一化植被指数(NDVI)、湿度(TC3)和绿度(TC2)与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数相关性较高,3个植被指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的回归模型可靠(R2=0.637,P<0.01)。地面验证结果表明,模型能解释乔木层物种多样性的69.38%;乔木层物种多样性指数主要集中在1.0~2.2,并符合"中间海拔高度膨胀"理论;坡向对乔木层物种多样性分布的影响体现在东北坡出现高物种多样性的可能性最大,验证了由于坡向导致的水热差异,从而影响物种多样性的结论。

森林生态系统健康评估Ⅰ.模式、计算方法和指标体系

生态系统健康评估是 2 1世纪生态系统学研究的主要内容和迫切任务之一 .简单实用的生态系统健康评估理论和方法需要可操作性的概念和一个全面、简明、易操作且规范化的指标体系 ,它们是进行生态系统健康评估的基础 .以阔叶红松林生态系统为例 ,从对森林生态系统健康的理解和评价出发 ,通过引入模式生态系统集的思想 ,提出了对森林生态系统健康理解的独创看法 ,并以此提出生态系统健康评估的新方法———健康距离 (HD)法 ,并推导出计算公式 .同时 ,针对阔叶红松林生态系统的系统特征和面临的各种具体健康问题 ,提出了基于自然 经济 社会复合生态系统属性的阔叶红松林生态系统健康评估指标体系 ,并具体到各度量指标 ,为下一步的健康评估打下基础 .

Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(ester carbonate)s based on pentaerythritol

Novel poly(ester carbonate)s were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization Of L-lactide and functionalized carbonate monomer 9-phenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecan-3-one derived from pentaerythritol with diethyl zinc as an initiator. H-1 NMR analysis revealed that the carbonate content in the copolymer was almost equal to that in the feed. DSC results indicated that T-g of the copolymer increased with increasing carbonate content in the copolymer. Moreover, the protecting benzylidene groups in the copolymer poly(L-lactide-co-9-phenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecan-3-one) were removed by hydrogenation with palladium hydroxide on activated charcoal as a catalyst to give a functional copolymer, poly(L-lactide-co-2,2-dihydroxylmethyl-propylene carbonate), containing pendant primary hydroxyl groups. Complete deprotection was confirmed by H-1 NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The in vitro degradation rate of the deprotected copolymers was faster than that of the protected copolymers in the presence of proteinase K. The cell morphology and viability on a copolymer film evaluated with ECV-304 cells showed that poly(ester carbonate)s derived from pentaerythritol are good biocompatible materials suitable for biomedical applications.

Structure, electric and magnetic properties of new compounds CdYMWO7 (M = Cr and Mn)

Two new compounds with the formula of CdYMWO7 (M = Cr, Mn) were prepared by solid state reaction. They crystallized with orthorhombic structure with the cell parameters of a = 11.7200 Angstrom, b = 7.1779 Angstrom, c = 6.9805 Angstrom (CdYCrWO7), and a = 11.7960 Angstrom, b = 6.1737 Angstrom, c = 7.6530 Angstrom (CdYMnWO7). These compounds are insulators with high resistivities at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of CdYMWO7 (M = Cr and Mn) show Curie-Weiss Law's behaviors from 80 to 300 K. The magnetic moments at room temperature fit very well with those corresponding to Cr3+ and Mn3+ ions. This suggests that both Cr and Mn ions exist in + 3 oxidation state in CdYMWO7 compounds. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Scheduling Algorithm for Flexible Manufacturing Cell

In this paper, a new scheduling algorithm for the flexible manufacturing cell is presented, which is a discrete time control method with fixed length control period combining with event interruption. At the flow control level we determine simultaneously the production mix and the proportion of parts to be processed through each route. The simulation results for a hypothetical manufacturing cell are presented.

西南岩溶山区生态危机与反贫困的可持续发展文化反思

西南岩溶山区生态环境退化严重、贫困人口集中。文章探讨民族传统文化观念在岩溶山区经济活动中的作用,力图寻找岩溶山区生态恶化和贫困的深层次原因,指出岩溶山区存在的山地文化封闭性和典型的贫困文化特性及不合理的现代性转换导致区域生态恶化和可持续发展的滞后。岩溶山区应通过生态恢复模式示范建设、开展参与式社区资源管理、改善居民聚居点环境来实现文化创新和文化整合,实现传统性与现代性的深层次互动与接纳,拓宽现代性生长的内在精神空间,变外源性的“输血”机制为内源性的“造血”机制,从而使岩溶山区实现可持续发展。

Práticas e representações sociais face aos ciganos

Analisando os conflitos entre a comunidade de Oleiros e a minoria étnica cigana, pretendemos compreender a forma como os discursos,os comportamentos e as atitudes dos diversos actores sociais envolvidos neste processo reflectem a existência de tensões na estrutura social oleirense, entrevendo-se que os ciganos se tornam bodes expiatórios das clivagens criadas e de situações sócio-económicas e políticas que os ultrapassam. Analysing the conflicts between the Oleiros community and the gypsies ethnic minority, we aim to understand how the speeches, the behaviours and the attitudes of various social actors involved in this process reflect some tensions in the Oleiros social structure, which allow us to anticipate that the gypsies became a pretext to few created gaps and to socio-economic and politic situations that surpass them.

A Sermon preached in the Parish Church of St. Nicholas, in Bristol

Sermon.

Principles of Safe Policy Routing Dynamics

We introduce the Dynamic Policy Routing (DPR) model that captures the propagation of route updates under arbitrary changes in topology or path preferences. DPR introduces the notion of causation chains where the route flap at one node causes a flap at the next node along the chain. Using DPR, we model the Gao-Rexford (economic) guidelines that guarantee the safety (i.e., convergence) of policy routing. We establish three principles of safe policy routing dynamics. The non-interference principle provides insight into which ASes can directly induce route changes in one another. The single cycle principle and the multi-tiered cycle principle provide insight into how cycles of routing updates can manifest in any network. We develop INTERFERENCEBEAT, a distributed algorithm that propagates a small token along causation chains to check adherence to these principles. To enhance the diagnosis power of INTERFERENCEBEAT, we model four violations of the Gao-Rexford guidelines (e.g., transiting between peers) and characterize the resulting dynamics.

Comparing impacts of new cropping systems on biodiversity in traditional rural China

This study selected six geographically-similar villages with traditional and alternative cultivation methods (two groups of three, one traditional and two alternatives) in two counties of Henan Province, China—a representative area of the Huang-huai-hai Plain representing traditional rural China. Soil heavy metal concentrations, floral and faunal biodiversity, and socio-economic data were recorded. Heavy metal concentrations of surface soils from three sites in each village were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS, chromium, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, zinc). The floral biodiversity of four land-use types was recorded following the Braun-Blanquet coverage-abundance method using 0.5×0.5m quadrats. The faunal biodiversity of two representative farmland plots was recorded using 0.3×0.3m quadrats at four 0.1m layers. The socio-economic data were recorded through face-to-face interviews of one hundred randomly selected households at each village. Results demonstrate different cultivation methods lead to different impact on above variables. Traditional cultivation led to lower heavy metal concentrations; both alternative managements were associated with massive agrochemical input causing heavy metal pollution in farmlands. Floral distribution was significantly affected by village factors. Diverse cultivation supported high floral biodiversity through multi-scale heterogeneous landscapes containing niches and habitats. Faunal distribution was also significantly affected by village factor nested within soil depth. Different faunal groups responded differently, with Acari being taxonomically diverse and Collembola high in densities. Increase in manual labour and crop number in villages using alternative cultivation may positively affect biodiversity. The results point to the conservation potential of diverse cultivation methods in traditional rural China and other regions under social and political reforms, where traditional agriculture is changing to unified, large-scale mechanized agriculture. This study serves as a baseline for conservation in small-holding agricultural areas of China, and points to the necessity of further studies at larger and longer scales.

Managing dynamic competition

In many important high-technology markets, including software development, data processing, communications, aeronautics, and defense, suppliers learn through experience how to provide better service at lower cost. This paper examines how a buyer designs dynamic competition among rival suppliers to exploit learning economies while minimizing the costs of becoming locked in to one producer. Strategies for controlling dynamic competition include the handicapping of more efficient suppliers in procurement competitions, the protection and allocation of intellectual property, and the sharing of information among rival suppliers. (JEL C73, D44, L10).

Report on Archaeological Investigations Conducted at the St. Mary's Site (18AP45), 107 Duke of Gloucester Street, Annapolis, Maryland, 1987-1990

In celebration of the 250th anniversary of the birth of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Archaeology in Annapolis was invited to excavate the Carroll House and garden on 107 Duke of Gloucester Street in Annapolis, Maryland. The site, named the St. Mary's Site (18AP45) for the Catholic church on the property, is currently owned by the Redemptorists, a Roman Catholic congregation of priests and brothers who have occupied the site since 1852. Prior to the Redemptorists' tenure, the site was owned by the Carroll family from 1701-1852 and is perhaps best known as the home of Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), signer of the Declaration of Independence. Excavations at the site were conducted during four consecutive summer seasons from 1987-1990. The investigation focused on three research questions. The first line of inquiry were questions surrounding the dating, architectural configuration, and artifact deposits of the "frame house," a structure adjoining the west wall of the brick Carroll House via a "passage" and later a three story addition. The frame house was partially demolished in the mid-nineteenth century but the construction was thought to pre-date the brick portion of the house. The second research question was spurred by documentary research which indicated that the property might have been the location of Proctor's Tavern, a late 17th-century tavern which served as the meeting place of the Maryland Provincial Assembly. Archaeological testing hoped to determine its location and, if found, investigate Annapolis' early Euro-American occupation. The third research question focused on the landscape of the site as it was shaped by its occupants over the past three hundred years. The research questions included investigating the stratigraphy, geometry, and architectural and planting features of Charles Carroll of Carrollton's terraced garden built during the 1770s, and investigating the changes to the landscape made by the Redemptorists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While no structural evidence associated with Proctor’s Tavern was uncovered during limited excavations along Spa Creek, the historic shore of Spa Creek was identified, buried beneath deep fill deposits laid down during construction of the Carroll Garden. Features and deposits associated with this period likely remain intact in a waterlogged environment along the southeastern sea wall at the St. Mary’s Site. Evidence of extensive earth moving by Carroll is present in the garden and was identified during excavation and coring. This strongly suggests that the garden landscape visible at the St. Mary’s Site is the intact Carroll Garden, which survives beneath contemporary and late nineteenth century strata. The extant surviving garden should be considered highly sensitive to ground-disturbing activities, and is also highly significant considering demonstrable associations with the Carroll family. Other garden-related features were also discovered, including planting holes, and a brick pavilion or parapet located along Spa Creek to the south of the site. The Duke of Gloucester Street wall was shown to be associated with the Carroll occupation of the site. Finally, intensive archaeological research was directed at the vicinity of a frame house constructed and occupied by the Carrolls to the east of the existing brick house, which was replaced by the Redemptorists in the nineteenth century with a greenhouse. These superimposed buildings were documented in detail and remain highly significant features at the St. Mary’s Site.