L’un contre l’autre : la dialectique de l’auteur et de la lectrice chez Serge Doubrovsky

Depuis qu’en 1977, en quatrième de couverture de Fils, Serge Doubrovsky employa le mot « autofiction » pour décrire son roman, les études doubrovskiennes ont eu tendance à se focaliser sur les questions génériques que sous-tendait ce néologisme. Ainsi on a écarté un autre aspect, tout aussi important, de l’œuvre de l’auteur : celui du lien avec le lecteur qui, en plus d’être mis en scène dans chacune des autofictions doubrovskiennes, est associé dès Fils au rapport complexe, inextricable et conflictuel entre les sexes. « J’écris mâle, me lis femelle », dit le narrateur-écrivain ‘Serge Doubrovsky’ – lui qui vivra sous nos yeux une série d’histoires passionnelles avec des compagnes qui sont également ses lectrices. Repris d’épisode en épisode, le rapport entre le héros doubrovskien et sa compagne du moment rappelle les hypothèses de Doubrovsky dans Corneille ou la dialectique du héros (1963), inspirées de la dialectique hégélienne du Maître et de l’Esclave. Cette thèse s’attache donc à analyser la relation dialectique auteur-lectrice telle que mise en scène et approfondie dans l’ensemble de l’édifice autofictionnel. Après présentation et étude des mécanismes dont se sert l’auteur pour construire son Lecteur Modèle (Première partie), les trois autres sections principales de la thèse sont consacrées à l’analyse de Fils et Un amour de soi (1977 et 1982 ; Deuxième partie) ; du Livre brisé et de l’Après-vivre (1989 et 1994 ; Troisième partie) ; et enfin de Laissé pour conte (1999 ; Quatrième partie). Il s’agira enfin de montrer la portée non seulement littéraire, mais également sociale (la réflexion s’élargit à chaque épisode pour aborder les questions de la réception contemporaine de l’œuvre littéraire) et historique (le motif Maître-Esclave s’inscrit dans l’Histoire de l’Europe du XXe siècle, plus précisément la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la Shoah) du thème dialectique doubrovskien.

Les perceptions de la sexualité et les relations de couple de femmes haïtiennes immigrantes au Québec : pour une exploration des rapports hommes femmes en Haïti

Ce mémoire a étudié les perceptions de femmes haïtiennes vivant au Québec depuis moins de cinq ans de leurs relations sexuelles avec les hommes et de leurs rapports de couple. Après avoir opté pour une méthodologie de recherche qualitative, la théorie féministe intersectionnelle a été retenue comme cadre d’analyse. Des entretiens individuels semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès de 9 femmes haïtiennes, âgées de 18 à 60 ans et ayant immigré au Québec depuis moins de cinq ans. Les perceptions des femmes de la sexualité ont été appréhendées comme étant un ensemble de discours et de pratiques inter reliés, qui se construit dès l’enfance, et qui reproduit les types de rapports inégalitaires entre hommes et femmes qui existent dans la société haïtienne et dans leur couple. Ces rapports inégalitaires sont véhiculés entre les générations à travers la plupart des institutions sociales comme la famille, l’école, la culture, la législation. Ce processus de construction des perceptions de la sexualité est également influencé par des enjeux socio-économiques et de pouvoir. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de disposer de données scientifiques sur la sexualité des femmes et les rapports de couple en Haïti et l’influence du processus migratoire. Ces résultats soulignent également la nécessité pour le travail social haïtien d’encourager le développement de l’empowerment économique des femmes et leur participation aux débats actuels de la société sur l’évolution de la condition féminine.

Representación de las homosexualidades en el teatro de Rafael Mendizábal y de Michel Marc Bouchard

À partir d’une étude descriptive et comparative des pièces dramatiques Les Feluettes (1987) et Les Muses orphelines (1988) de Michel Marc Bouchard (Québec) ainsi que Feliz cumpleaños, señor ministro (1992) et Madre amantísima (2003) de Rafael Mendizábal (Espagne), le présent mémoire traite de la représentation des homosexualités à travers les relations amoureuses et familiales, les subversions du genre, l’homophobie, ainsi que la pandémie de sida et son impact au niveau théâtral et littéraire. L’approche méthodologique employée est la perspective des études du genre et des études queer. Comme conclusions, on constate que les relations amoureuses sont marquées par la valorisation paradoxale du cadre de l’amour romantique classique, entre libération et homonormativité, en plus d’une représentation de la sexualité articulée par des rôles polarisés. Les relations familiales, pour leur part, s’organisent autour de la figure paternelle associée avec d’importantes nuances au discours dominant hétérosexiste, et se décline parallèlement en la figure du père absent et désintéressé. De même, les figures maternelles sont majoritairement absentes ou effacées, bien que ce constat soit renversé par une figure maternelle traditionnelle particulièrement forte. Dans tous les cas, la figure maternelle reste idéalisée. Les identités de genres sont étudiées sous l’angle des identités dichotomiques lesbiennes et de l’effémination entant que subversions des normes dominantes du genre et l’articulation sexiste du phénomène de l’homophobie, motivé par le tabou de l’homoérotisme et son poids en scène.

Waxing Ornamental : Reading a Poetics of Excess in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur une poétique de l’excès dans Orlando de Virginia Woolf et Nightwood de Djuna Barnes comme une stratégie combattant la tendance qu’a le modernisme à dévaloriser l’écriture des femmes comme étant trop ornementale. J’expose comment Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, et Wyndham Lewis tentent de récupérer la notion du détail afin d’affirmer une poétique masculin. Je fais appel également aux oeuvres de l’architecte autrichien Adolf Loos qui souligne sa dénonciation de l’ornement comme régressif. Dans Orlando et Nightwood, je considère l’excès associé au corps. Je soutiens que, dans ces textes, les corps dépassent les limites de la représentation moderniste. Je considère aussi comment Orlando et Nightwood font apparaître la narration comme ornement et écrivent excessivement l’histoire et le temps. Pour conclure, je propose une façon de lire l’excès afin de reconceptualiser le potentiel de production de la signification dans des textes modernistes.

Integration of chaos theory and mathematical models in building simulation: Part I: Literature review

Current mathematical models in building research have been limited in most studies to linear dynamics systems. A literature review of past studies investigating chaos theory approaches in building simulation models suggests that as a basis chaos model is valid and can handle the increasingly complexity of building systems that have dynamic interactions among all the distributed and hierarchical systems on the one hand, and the environment and occupants on the other. The review also identifies the paucity of literature and the need for a suitable methodology of linking chaos theory to mathematical models in building design and management studies. This study is broadly divided into two parts and presented in two companion papers. Part (I) reviews the current state of the chaos theory models as a starting point for establishing theories that can be effectively applied to building simulation models. Part (II) develops conceptual frameworks that approach current model methodologies from the theoretical perspective provided by chaos theory, with a focus on the key concepts and their potential to help to better understand the nonlinear dynamic nature of built environment systems. Case studies are also presented which demonstrate the potential usefulness of chaos theory driven models in a wide variety of leading areas of building research. This study distills the fundamental properties and the most relevant characteristics of chaos theory essential to building simulation scientists, initiates a dialogue and builds bridges between scientists and engineers, and stimulates future research about a wide range of issues on building environmental systems.

Integration of chaos theory and mathematical models in building simulation: Part II: Conceptual frameworks

Current mathematical models in building research have been limited in most studies to linear dynamics systems. A literature review of past studies investigating chaos theory approaches in building simulation models suggests that as a basis chaos model is valid and can handle the increasing complexity of building systems that have dynamic interactions among all the distributed and hierarchical systems on the one hand, and the environment and occupants on the other. The review also identifies the paucity of literature and the need for a suitable methodology of linking chaos theory to mathematical models in building design and management studies. This study is broadly divided into two parts and presented in two companion papers. Part (I), published in the previous issue, reviews the current state of the chaos theory models as a starting point for establishing theories that can be effectively applied to building simulation models. Part (II) develop conceptual frameworks that approach current model methodologies from the theoretical perspective provided by chaos theory, with a focus on the key concepts and their potential to help to better understand the nonlinear dynamic nature of built environment systems. Case studies are also presented which demonstrate the potential usefulness of chaos theory driven models in a wide variety of leading areas of building research. This study distills the fundamental properties and the most relevant characteristics of chaos theory essential to (1) building simulation scientists and designers (2) initiating a dialogue between scientists and engineers, and (3) stimulating future research on a wide range of issues involved in designing and managing building environmental systems.

Recensionernas retorik : Om könsroller i kulturjournalistiken

At the centre of this study lies the question if normative gender thinking affects the way poetry gets reviewed and how the reviews are written, this in relation to both the gender of the reviewer and the poet. The study crosses three academic fields; gender studies, poetry and journalism, and is based on the cultural studies theory of media affecting and even creating the world around it. The study is based on two types of analysis. One quantitative analysis based on the thematic criticism theory about detail studies that shows bigger patterns, this analysis focuses on how the poet and his/hers work are being treated in the reviews in areas such as how much space they´re given in the newspapers, how they are named by the reviewer and the tendency to quote the reviewed work.  And one qualitative analysis based on the new criticism method of close reading, that focuses on the reviewers way of writing and how that may be connected with theories of gender differences, this both connected to the gender of the reviewers and the poets. The material chosen for this study are all the reviews that were published in the same newspapers and that reviewed two specific poetry works by two specific poets chosen with great sensibility to age and career so that their difference in gender would be the most significant difference between them. The works were chosen based on year of publishing, they were supposed to be published as newly as possible and as close to each other in time as possible. The works I ended up with were Dimman av allt (2001) and Svart som silver (2008) by Bruno K. Öijer and Silverskåp (2000) and Nu försvinner vi eller ingår (2007) by Birgitta Lillpers. The results of this study show several differences in how poetry is being judged and how poetry reviews are being written are connected with the gender of the poets and the reviewer. Lillpers got 35% less space in the newspapers and Öijers poetry got quoted a lot more which confirms that female poetry often is considered as less important than the male poetry, and that men in general tends to be judged as more professional than woman. The male reviewers tended to express themselves with greater certainty than the female reviewers who held a more professional tone in their reviews and focused more on the technical aspects of the poetry. This confirms the theory of the male words are being looked upon as the truth but contradicts the theory of women writing more based on personal experience and of women being less skilled in language techniques. In conclusion, there are differences in how poetry gets reviewed and how the reviews are written that are connected to the genders of the poet and the reviewer but these differences are complex and does not show a clear normative way of thinking about gender

Sou dessas mulheres que só dizem sim : As mulheres descritas na poesia de Chico Buarque de Holanda

This dissertation approaches the question of gender as a vehicle of identity in contemporary discourse. It attempts to (de)construct the hegemonic masculine discourse, breaking with the binarism masculine/feminine and uses premises of the queer theory, which proposes post-modern literary discourses in relation to the notion of gender identity. In this context, we focus the discourses present in Chico Buarque s songs taken as feminine representations they contrast with songs of former songwriters trying to understand the break of the dichotomy masculine/feminine

Estudos de gênero: uma sociologia feminista?

Este artigo faz uma breve reflexão das implicações políticas e científicas dos estudos de gêneronão só com o objetivo de resgatar o seu lugar legítimo na construção de uma sociologia de gênero e/ou feminista, como de re-lembrar a sua não-neutralidade mostrando como eles emergiram de um diálogo do movimento social com as teorias. Discute-se parte desse diálogo e pontuam-se as inovações conceituais que eles propiciaram às Ciências Sociais.

Cartografias clínicas, dispositivos de gêneros, estratégia saúde da família

A subjetividade é a argamassa de toda e qualquer produção e, diante disso, percebemos os processos de subjetivação presentes na feitura dos sujeitos, dos grupos e das instituições. Como ferramentas de análise, tomamos a ideia de dispositivo como um emaranhado de linhas que tecem as relações humanas, e dentre suas diversas linhas destacamos os gêneros como elementos importantes na escuta e intervenção clínica, de modo a ampliar o universo de referência presente nos encontros, no qual os corpos afetam e são afetados dentro de contextos marcados por processos psicossociais, políticos e culturais relevantes para uma prática psi ampliada. Neste trabalho, colocamos em análise a experiência que temos tido como supervisor de estágios em Psicologia Clínica-Institucional que realizamos no Programa Saúde da Família, na Vila Progresso, em Assis, SP, evidenciando a necessidade de diálogos com outros saberes, tais como os estudos culturais, a teoria queer e a esquizoanálise. Como resultados iniciais, percebemos nos relatos de nossos estagiários uma preocupação maior com o cuidado das pessoas atendidas que vão além das leituras psicológicas, que dialoga com questões sociais, econômicas, sexuais, de gênero, políticas e culturais, ampliando as análises e concebendo os seres humanos como híbridos, maquínicos e diferentes, o que evidencia a perspectiva de subjetividades em construção permanente. Surge a necessidade de nos orientarmos pelo viés de uma clínica crítica e ampliada.

Understanding poverty from a gender perspective

Includes bibliography

Report of the International Meeting on Gender Statistics and Indicators for Measuring the Incidence of and Trends in Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean

The International Meeting on Gender Statistics and Indicators for Measuring the Incidence of and Trends in Violence against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean met from 21 to 23 November 2001 in La Paz, Bolivia. The meeting was attended by statisticians and specialists in gender studies on violence against women from various countries of the region, specialists of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental organizations as well as international cooperation agencies. Once the group work sessions had concluded, the specialists adopted a series of political and technical recommendations addressed to national statistical institutes, national Women's offices, victim services, Women's organizations and international cooperation agencies.