992 resultados para Doenças transmissiveis em animais
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Distúrbios comportamentais em ruminantes não associados a doenças: origem, significado e importância
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O estudo científico do comportamento animal frente às distintas modificações do ambiente (inanimado ou não) onde os mesmos estão sendo criados constitui o principal objetivo da etologia. Por outro lado, muitas doenças que acometem os ruminantes também cursam produzindo diversas alterações no comportamento desses animais; portanto, os profissionais que trabalham com ruminantes precisam reconhecer o que vem a ser um comportamento anormal, decorrente do empobrecimento ambiental associado ou não a erros alimentares e que resulta em prejuízos ao bem-estar dos animais (p.ex. confinamentos com superlotação, falta de sombra nas pastagens, volumosos finamente moídos) daqueles oriundos de doenças ou estados carenciais, como por exemplo, a depravação do apetite causada pelas deficiências de sódio, cobalto e de fibra fisicamente efetiva. O propósito dessa revisão é discutir sobre os principais desvios comportamentais verificados nos ruminantes domésticos criados em sistemas intensivos ou não no Brasil.
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Os rotavírus (RVs) são a principal causa de diarréia aguda em crianças de baixa idade, como também em animais jovens de várias espécies. São excretados nas fezes e transmitidos pela via fecal-oral. Estudos demonstram que é de suma importância para investigações epidemiológicas a caracterização das amostras de RVs isoladas a partir de animais. As enteroparasitoses também constituem um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo um dos principais fatores de morbimortalidade na população infantil e de desnutrição protéico-energética advinda dos quadros de diarréia crônica. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar RVs e endoparasitos que circulam em caninos, felinos e galináceos da Comunidade Quilombola do Abacatal, Ananindeua, Pará. Nos anos de 2008 e 2009 foram colhidos 202 espécimes fecais, provenientes de caninos (96/2002, 47,5%), felinos (8/2002, 4%) e galináceos (98/2002, 48,5%). Todas as amostras foram submetidas à imunocromatografia e eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida para a identificação de RVs, porém em ambas obteve-se 100% de negatividade. Para a identificação de endoparasitos as amostras foram submetidas à técnica de centrífugo-flutuação com solução de sacarose, os parasitos mais freqüentemente encontrados em caninos foram o Ancylostoma sp, Spirocerca sp, Toxocara sp/ Toxascaris sp, Trichuris sp e Coccídio, e em felinos foram Ancylostoma sp (5/8, 62,5%), Toxocara sp/ Toxascaris sp (2/8, 25%) e Trichuris sp (1/8, 12,5%). Em galináceos foram Ascaridia sp/ Heterakis sp (33/62, 53,23%), Capillaria sp (39/62, 62,9%), Cocídio (6/62, 9,68%), Dispharynx sp (15/62, 24,19%) e Trichostrongyloidea sp (11/62, 17,74%). Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o local oferece risco para infestação parasitária humana, havendo a possibilidade de contaminação do solo por meio das fezes e o desenvolvimento de zoonoses.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB
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Um grande problema que é encontrado nas cidades pelo mundo todo, é o abandono dos animais domésticos pelas ruas, que vagam sem destino, em sua maioria doente ou ferida e que são suscetíveis a contraírem doenças transmissíveis ao homem. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta da criação de um Centro de Ressocialização para Animais Abandonados na cidade de Presidente Prudente, que faz uma crítica principalmente à relação entre homem e animal nos dias atuais. Esta proposta busca alternativas para controlar a população de animais domésticos errantes pelas ruas da cidade e desta forma, as zoonoses que são transmissíveis ao homem, através de diversos serviços relacionados ao tratamento clínico veterinário, sempre levando em consideração os Direitos de Proteção aos Animais. Este espaço busca ser o apoio necessário para o Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Presidente Prudente (CCZ/PP), para evitar que a superlotação cause a matança indiscriminada de cães e gatos sadios, que serão recolhidos e até mesmo encaminhados diretamente do CCZ/PP para o Centro de Ressocialização. Após serem tratados, os animais receberão todo o suporte para o encaminhamento à adoção. Este centro irá oferecer programas de educação para a população a respeito da posse responsável de animais domésticos e também o incentivo à adoção. Vale ressaltar que o espaço criado terá infraestrutura para o atendimento clínico veterinário para a comunidade, oferecendo serviços a baixo custo para aqueles que possuem menor renda e também a esterilização solidária como forma de controle populacional dos animais
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The Doppler ultrasound allows the assessment of blood flow and the differentiate vessels according to each spectral pattern, location and organ that irrigate, helping the examinations and disease diagnosis. The main methods used are Pulsed Doppler, Color Doppler and Power Doppler. In Brazil veterinary medicine, it shows progress since 1990, but its use is limited by the equipment high cost, the need for operator experience and patient cooperation. There are studies in obstetrics and reproduction of dogs and cats, such as evaluation of the testicular vasculature, including the use of contrast material, and attempts to evaluate prostate in healthy dogs or pathological conditions (cancer and testicular torsion , orchitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia; estrous cycle monitoring, evaluation of irrigation in follicles and corpus luteum, uterus and breasts (mammary tumors) in bitches; monitoring pregnancy from the assessment of maternal, fetal and placental hemodynamics, both in dogs as in cats, and aspirations for early detection of pregnancy in dogs. However, new studies are still required, given the lack of these species, especially cats
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This study will focus on one part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture - utilized as therapy method for pathologies treatment in humans and animals - , as well as its main techniques. Acupuncture is one branch of TCM, originated from theoretical and empirical knowledge accumulated by popular medicine. Currently, researches performed in humans and animals have shown the effectiveness of this method as an assistance or alternative in illnesses treatment. Besides that, professionals are not merely looking for orthodox medicine knowledge, but also specializations and improvement over the complementary therapies area. There are diverse studies and researches which were and are being done in veterinary, relating the effectiveness of acupuncture in small and large animals. In comparison, in the wild animals’ area the numbers of studies is smaller. However, it is expected that this number increases over the fact that some of these animals’ species are entering the pet market and also because of the possibility of using these methods for treatment and prevention of diseases on zoo animals or other animals kept in captivity
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Infective endocarditis is a process in which an infection attacks the heart endothelial surface, and is commonly caused by bacterial colonization, which is called bacterial endocarditis. It is a condition rarely found in dogs and cats, and is more prevalent in male dogs of large size. It mainly affects the left side of the heart, affecting the mitral and aortic valves with greater frequency. The circulation of the bacterium in the bloodstream is what gives rise endocarditis, and is caused by any non-aseptic process that serves as a gateway for bacterium in the body, as from a skin lesion, even as an invasive procedure, such as, catheterization and surgery. The ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult because the clinical signs of endocarditis are varied and common to other diseases, summing up the signs of infection (fever, lethargy, weight loss), and presence of heart murmur and may show signs of congestive heart failure. Thus, the diagnosis is most often through autopsy. To arrive at a diagnosis should be used, besides the history and physical examination, some laboratory tests, especially blood cultures and echocardiography. Treatment is accomplished through the use of antibiotics for long period of time, it is very important to follow the results of susceptibility after its outcome is revealed. The prognosis for bacterial endocarditis ranges from guarded to poor, and can be assessed mainly by the echocardiography. There are few studies in veterinary about the bacterial endocarditis, and the majority is case reports
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The pets, mostly dogs and cats are susceptible to a variety of situations that can lead to acute kidney failure, such as infection and intoxication, besides other common causes such as dehydration or other pre-existing diseases. The abrupt decrease in renal function in these animals characterizes a severe clinical condition and requires specialized veterinary medical care since it increases the death. Early diagnosis is an important factor for the survival of these animals and so is the appropriate treatment. New technologies on diagnosis and treatment of serious diseases in veterinary medicine have made acute renal failure successfully reversed by hemodialysis in cases where conventional therapy may not be effective. In cases like that, hemodialysis treatment may be the only chance of survival for the animals, which makes this therapy more and more important and necessary, especially in referral centers of veterinary assistance
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Tuberculosis and brucellosis are important diseases in national scenario, as they affect national cattle and can be transmitted to human, as they are zoonosis. The transmission risk increases mostly for those who have strict contact with animals, as is this case of slaughterhouse workers. This paper presents a bibliographic review of data referent to both diseases occurring in bovine slaughterhouse workers in Brazil, characterizing as occupational zoonosis diseases. We still have few data available of this subject, what raise difficulties to know the real incidence of both diseases in national cattle and in people who work in contact with animals, and most of the time are not instructed to the risk that they are exposed and how to prevent it. It’s important to know which is the situation of both diseases so that prevention and even eradication measures can be taken, as we know the Veterinary has an essential function in this matter, protecting animal health as much as protecting national public health
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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in small animals (SILVA, 2006). It is an acute metabolic disorder, potentially fatal, both in humans and in dogs and cats with DM (BRUYETTE, 1997), being related, mostly, to insulin-dependent diabetics (CHASTAIN, 1981; HUME et al., 2006). DKA is a medical emergency characterized by extreme metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, ketonemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss (MACINTIRE, 2006) and its diagnosis may be established basically by the detection of ketonuria and metabolic acidosis (NELSON, 2009). The primary purposes of the treatment of DKA are intravascular volume restoration, dehydration, acid-base and electrolyte’s imbalances correction and blood glucose concentration reduction (BOYSEN, 2008). The treatment’s success depends of the clinical status at the time of diagnosis and of the introduction of an appropriate therapy to the conditions of each patient (CHASTAIN, 1981)
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Systhemic lupus erythematous is a imunomediated disorder witch affects primarly dogs between two and nine years. Clinical manifestations are very diverse, including renal signs, that may lead to chronic renal disease, and dermatologic and joint sings. Systhemic lupus erythematous diagnostic is a challange to the clinician, due to its diverse list of differecial diagnoses and its low availability of specific tests. The treatment consists of corticosteroids and imunomodulators, and supportive therapy that inhibits the progression of the disease. Monitoring the animal with systhemic lupus erythematous is important, due to its recurrent caracteristic