On the structure of quantum phase space

The space of labels characterizing the elements of Schwinger's basis for unitary quantum operators is endowed with a structure of symplectic type. This structure is embodied in a certain algebraic cocycle, whose main features are inherited by the symplectic form of classical phase space. In consequence, the label space may be taken as the quantum phase space: It plays, in the quantum case, the same role played by phase space in classical mechanics, some differences coming inevitably from its nonlinear character. © 1990 American Institute of Physics.

Histochemical study of muscle fiber types in Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795

The myotomal muscle of Synbranchus marmoratus was investigated using histochemical and immunohistochemical reactions. This musculature is composed of a superficial red compartment, uniformly distributed around the trunk circumferentially and also in the lateral line. The red compartment fibers are small in diameter and have an oxidative metabolism, a high rate of glycogen and a negative reaction to alkaline and acid myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase). The white muscle forms the bulk of the muscle mass. Its fibers are large in diameter and have a glycolytic metabolism, a negative reaction to glycogen, a strong reaction to alkaline mATPase and a negative reaction to acid mATPase. Between these two compartments there is an intermediate layer of fibers presenting a mosaic metabolism pattern with a high rate of glycogen. These fibers stained moderately for alkaline and acid m-ATPase. Several clusters of red muscles were observed inside the white muscle. Each cluster is composed of three fiber types, with a predominance of red and intermediate fibers. Reactivity to anti-MHC BA-D5 was positive only in the intermediate fibers. Reactivity to anti-MHC SC-71 was negative in all fiber types.

Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Polyculture of Freshwater Angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low-salinity water

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Entanglement universality of two-qubit X-states

We demonstrate that for every two-qubit state there is a X-counterpart, i.e., a corresponding two-qubit X-state of same spectrum and entanglement, as measured by concurrence, negativity or relative entropy of entanglement. By parametrizing the set of two-qubit X-states and a family of unitary transformations that preserve the sparse structure of a two-qubit X-state density matrix, we obtain the parametric form of a unitary transformation that converts arbitrary two-qubit states into their X-counterparts. Moreover, we provide a semi-analytic prescription on how to set the parameters of this unitary transformation in order to preserve concurrence or negativity. We also explicitly construct a set of X-state density matrices, parametrized by their purity and concurrence, whose elements are in one-to-one correspondence with the points of the concurrence versus purity (CP) diagram for generic two-qubit states. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Release of Cyanopyridine from a Ruthenium Complex Adsorbed on Gold: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, Electrochemistry, and Density Functional Theory Analyses

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A note on units of finite local rings in an ascending chain

In this paper we present matrices over unitary finite commutative local rings connected through an ascending chain of containments, whose elements are units of the corresponding rings in the chain such that the McCoy ranks are the largest ones.

Goppa codes over certain semigroups

A Goppa code is described in terms of a polynomial, known as Goppa polynomial, and in contrast to cyclic codes, where it is difficult to estimate the minimum Hamming distance d from the generator polynomial. Furthermore, a Goppa code has the property that d ≥ deg(h(X))+1, where h(X) is a Goppa polynomial. In this paper, we present a decoding principle for Goppa codes constructed by generalized polynomials, which is based on modified Berlekamp-Massey algorithm.

The cohomological invariant E'(G,W) and some properties

Let G be a group, W a nonempty G-set and M a Z2G-module. Consider the restriction map resG W : H1(G,M) → Pi wi∈E H1(Gwi,M), [f] → (resGG wi [f])i∈I , where E = {wi, i ∈ I} is a set of orbit representatives in W and Gwi = {g ∈ G | gwi = wi} is the G-stabilizer subgroup (or isotropy subgroup) of wi, for each wi ∈ E. In this work we analyze some results presented in Andrade et al [5] about splittings and duality of groups, using the point of view of Dicks and Dunwoody [10] and the invariant E'(G,W) := 1+dimkerresG W, defined when Gwi is a subgroup of infinite index in G for all wi in E, andM = Z2 (where dim = dimZ2). We observe that the theory of splittings of groups (amalgamated free product and HNN-groups) is inserted in the combinatory theory of groups which has many applications in graph theory (see, for example, Serre [12] and Dicks and Dunwoody [10]).

Some considerations about cohomology of finite groups

In this work we present some considerations about cohomology of finite groups. In the first part we use the restriction map in cohomology to obtain some results about subgroups of finite index in a group. In the second part, we use Tate cohomology to present an application of the theory of groups with periodic cohomology in topology.

A dual homological invariant and some properties

Based on the cohomology theory of groups, Andrade and Fanti defined in [1] an algebraic invariant, denoted by E(G,S, M), where G is a group, S is a family of subgroups of G with infinite index and M is a Z2G-module. In this work, by using the homology theory of groups instead of cohomology theory, we define an invariant ``dual'' to E(G, S, M), which we denote by E*(G, S, M). The purpose of this paper is, through the invariant E*(G, S, M), to obtain some results and applications in the theory of duality groups and group pairs, similar to those shown in Andrade and Fanti [2], and thus, providing an alternative way to get applications and properties of this theory.