Jovens, políticas públicas e estratégias administrativas: o papel das ideias e dos discursos na constituição do campo e na trajetória das políticas de juventude no Brasil

O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar como as ideias sobre a juventude, representadas pelos discursos oriundos de diferentes materiais empíricos – documentos governamentais e de organizações da sociedade civil e entrevistas não-estruturadas – e a forma pela qual os jovens são reconhecidos como sujeitos de direitos influenciaram o processo de formação das políticas de juventude no Brasil e institucionalização do tema em âmbito federal, assim como a escolha pelas estratégias administrativas que constituem as principais formas de ação e de gestão governamental no tema. Para isso, adotamos como ponto de partida a reflexão sobre o uso da retórica, por meio de metáforas e narrativas na formação e trajetória das políticas, a existência de coalizões discursivas em seu desenvolvimento e a utilização de frames (enquadramentos interpretativos) no exame dos pontos de inflexão das ações para a juventude no Brasil. Em seguida, identificamos as principais ideias sobre as juventudes presentes no campo e analisamos como elas alimentaram o reconhecimento dos jovens enquanto segmento social diferenciado dos demais em função da sua “condição juvenil” e enquanto sujeitos de direitos integrais. Com base nessas concepções, examinamos a criação e a definição as principais funções da Secretaria Nacional de Juventude, a partir de um debate sobre o conceito de transversalidade, e a formulação e trajetória do Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens (PROJOVEM), adentrando o debate sobre a intersetorialidade nas políticas públicas. A principal contribuição dessa pesquisa foi relacionar como as ideias e discursos influem não apenas na formação de políticas, mas também como as construções sociais que emergem do campo, balizadas pelo reconhecimento dos sujeitos de direitos, também impactam nas estratégias de gestão. Conclui-se, ainda, que apesar da crescente importância atribuída à gestão transversal e à articulação intersetorial na gestão das políticas de juventude no Brasil, são as próprias concepções que orientam sua escolha como estratégias administrativas das quais decorrem os principais limites para a sua operacionalização cotidiana pela administração pública brasileira em nível federal.

Densidade de estocagem em camarões da espécie Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) na fase juvenil

Among the species of freshwater shrimp being cultivated, Macrobrachium rosenbergii stands out. Knowledge about the behavior of this species and the influence of certain factors on its development can help optimize management practices and minimize the likely impacts shrimp farming has on the environment and the animals themselves. The objective of this study was to characterize the species' behavior during early stages of development under different stocking densities over a 24-hour cycle. Ten day old postlarvae were transferred from the Jundiaí School of Agriculture (EAJ - Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí) in Macaíba (RN), Brazil to the Shrimp Behavior Laboratory (LSPR - Laboratório de Estudos do Comportamento do Camarão) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), where they were weighed and measured. Eight aquaria with constant temperature, aeration and filtration, and subjected to a12 h light/12 h dark cycle were used for each experiment. Each aquarium also contained two shelters made of bricks and the water quality was monitored weekly. Behavioral observations were made at two densities: 25 individuals/m-² and 40 individuals/m-². The methods for recording behaviors were: behavioral sampling – enter and leave the shelter, exploring on the substrate, exploring in the water column, move away, attack, pursuit and cannibalism; scan sampling - inactivity, feeding, exploration, digging, swimming, cleaning and staying in the shelter. Observations were made during a 15 minute period/per aquarium at a frequency of 4 times daily, for 4 days/week, and over 4 weeks. Food was provided 2 times/day for each aquarium population, immediately before the 1st and 3rd observation periods. Our results demonstrate that at high density, there is an increased frequency of agonistic behavior; during the light phase, there is a greater frequency of behaviors that result in less exposure (inactivity, cleaning and staying in the shelter); during the dark phase, there is an increased frequency of behaviors that result in greater exposure (feeding, exploration, swimming and digging); at times of feed offer, there is an increased frequency of leaving the shelter, moving away, pursuit, feeding, exploration and swimming. At low density, the animals showed a lower frequency of agonistic behaviors, greater weight gain and higher growth rates, which indicates that this is a more favorable growing environment for cultivation and when applied, can generate better living conditions, favor survival rates and increase management success

Articulação entre saúde mental infanto-juvenil e atenção básica em Natal-RN: limites e possibilidades

In the case of Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation, mental health juvenile reveals itself as a great challenge, with major gaps in terms of needs, services and actions on mental illness in children and adolescents. This research is a qualitative study of descriptive and exploratory, having to analyze the actions and practices of mental health juvenile articulated between the Psychosocial Care Center juvenile (Caps i) and the basic care in Natal-RN, and specific, identify the limits and possibilities for an important precedent of the care network. After submission to the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) obtained approval contained in opinion number 777.067 / 2014. For the data collection, it was initially carried out a documentary research in the Municipal Health Department of Christmas about the phenomenon under study, and subsequently, applied semi-structured interviews with the subjects of the research, which were workers Caps i of Natal-RN. The analysis was woven as the thematic analysis technique, understood within the method of content analysis. The results and discussions were organized by categories and subcategories, namely: CATEGORY 1: Limits and weaknesses in the linkage between the Caps i and basic care, with the subcategories: 1.1 Lack of specialized services and devices articulators in network, 1.2 The diversity of situations in the demand juvenile assisted; CATEGORY 2: possibilities for an effective network, with the subcategory: 2.1 Intersectoral collaboration as a strategy for solving attention. The analysis revealed that the integration and coordination of mental health services juvenile and primary care in the city of Natal-RN, has incipient initiatives and/or inadequate for the resolvability intersectoral, where the devices of attention to health involved cannot establish bonds effective and long-lasting in the perspective of co-responsibility and sharing of care. On the other hand, it appears that the existing shares and practiced, configure an exercise in approximation to the dialog between mental health juvenile and basic care. It is highlighted that the shared care and the establishment of intersectoral collaboration within and outside of the health sector is possibility of facilitating the necessary dialog between the services and professionals involved, thus, enabling a better prospect of resolvability of the Network of Psychosocial Care for the youth in reality being investigated.

Habilitaciones y ubicuidades. Repensando la sociabilidad juvenil en los nuevos medios digitales. Un estudio comparativo a partir del Programa Conectar Igualdad

En los últimos años en América Latina, y también a nivel mundial, el acceso de la población a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha cobrado gran masividad, expandiéndose de forma heterogénea entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad, y adquiriendo relevancia en el campo de la investigación social. En varios países de la región los Estados nacionales han impulsado la implementación de planes masivos de alfabetización digital (como el Plan Ceibal en Uruguay, el Prouca en Brasil, el Plan Conectar Igualdad en la Argentina y otros). Así, tanto desde agencias estatales, organismos internacionales y regionales (CEPAL, OIT, OSILAC), como desde el campo académico, se han producido distintas perspectivas e interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo de las TIC. Sin desconocer los aportes de las perspectivas centradas en el estudio del acceso y de las brechas digitales, en esta ponencia nos enfocaremos en los procesos de apropiación de las TIC. Al respecto, presentaremos las conclusiones preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de las experiencias de apropiación, los usos y prácticas que despliegan jóvenes de sectores populares y sectores medios - alto urbanos del Gran La Plata en su vida cotidiana en relación a las TIC

Habilitaciones y ubicuidades. Repensando la sociabilidad juvenil en los nuevos medios digitales. Un estudio comparativo a partir del Programa Conectar Igualdad

En los últimos años en América Latina, y también a nivel mundial, el acceso de la población a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha cobrado gran masividad, expandiéndose de forma heterogénea entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad, y adquiriendo relevancia en el campo de la investigación social. En varios países de la región los Estados nacionales han impulsado la implementación de planes masivos de alfabetización digital (como el Plan Ceibal en Uruguay, el Prouca en Brasil, el Plan Conectar Igualdad en la Argentina y otros). Así, tanto desde agencias estatales, organismos internacionales y regionales (CEPAL, OIT, OSILAC), como desde el campo académico, se han producido distintas perspectivas e interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo de las TIC. Sin desconocer los aportes de las perspectivas centradas en el estudio del acceso y de las brechas digitales, en esta ponencia nos enfocaremos en los procesos de apropiación de las TIC. Al respecto, presentaremos las conclusiones preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de las experiencias de apropiación, los usos y prácticas que despliegan jóvenes de sectores populares y sectores medios - alto urbanos del Gran La Plata en su vida cotidiana en relación a las TIC

Habilitaciones y ubicuidades. Repensando la sociabilidad juvenil en los nuevos medios digitales. Un estudio comparativo a partir del Programa Conectar Igualdad

En los últimos años en América Latina, y también a nivel mundial, el acceso de la población a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha cobrado gran masividad, expandiéndose de forma heterogénea entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad, y adquiriendo relevancia en el campo de la investigación social. En varios países de la región los Estados nacionales han impulsado la implementación de planes masivos de alfabetización digital (como el Plan Ceibal en Uruguay, el Prouca en Brasil, el Plan Conectar Igualdad en la Argentina y otros). Así, tanto desde agencias estatales, organismos internacionales y regionales (CEPAL, OIT, OSILAC), como desde el campo académico, se han producido distintas perspectivas e interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo de las TIC. Sin desconocer los aportes de las perspectivas centradas en el estudio del acceso y de las brechas digitales, en esta ponencia nos enfocaremos en los procesos de apropiación de las TIC. Al respecto, presentaremos las conclusiones preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de las experiencias de apropiación, los usos y prácticas que despliegan jóvenes de sectores populares y sectores medios - alto urbanos del Gran La Plata en su vida cotidiana en relación a las TIC

Alternativas ao internamento juvenil através da colaboração de família madrinha

As intervenções alternativas são medidas que não devem ser rechaçadas por nenhum governante. O sistema de encarceramento penal existente no Brasil, assim como em muitas nações mundo afora, vem mostrando há décadas, ser um sistema falido, vez que é impossível (res)socializar alguém em cadeias que são verdadeiras masmorras. Não há condições de melhoramento, nem na esfera física ou psíquica deste sistema nefasto, que só funciona para pegar pobres, pretos, analfabetos e moradores das periferias. Dentro dos maiores problemas apontados por pesquisas atuais, a superlotação, a violência, o tráfico de drogas, o abuso sexual e a falta de uma ocupação que garanta a (res)socialização, forma verdadeiras faculdades do crime, onde o preso ou o adolescente chega como estagiário e sai como mestre na arte da criminalidade delinquente. Esta pesquisa em Criminologia e direito comparado, com foco no Brasil (Recife) e na Alemanha (Freiburg), faz uma contextualização histórica do tema, de forma geral e mais focada nos países comparados. Após esta contextualização, o trabalho retrata e analisa a situação dos jovens em conflito com a Lei, e explana as intervenções alternativas à internação, aconselhando a solução do acolhimento por famílias madrinhas.

Características vegetativas de híbridos interespecíficos entre o caiaué e o dendezeiro na fase juvenil, em área de ocorrência de amarelecimento fatal.

A dendeicultura é uma cultura de grande importância sócio-econômica no Estado do Pará e tem alto potencial de crescimento no Brasil em decorrência de sua demanda de óleo, elevada produtividade e competitividade. A dendeicultura tem sido ameaçada pela ocorrência do amarelecimento fatal (AF), desordem de etiologia desconhecida que já devastou milhares de hectares de dendezeiro. Não existe fonte de resistência ao AF relatada no dendezeiro, mas sabe-se que o caiaué, espécie nativa da América, é resistente e transfere essa resistência aos híbridos interespecíficos F1 entre caiaué e dendezeiro (HIE OxG). O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o desenvolvimento vegetativo de uma população de HIE OxG, em área de ocorrência de AF. Esta população de HIE OxG apresentou desenvolvimento vegetativo compatíveis aos relatos bibliográficos de outras localidades. A característica agronômica vegetativa mais importante, crescimento em altura, nesta população de HIE OxG foi muito superior ao relatado para o dendezeiro.

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos sistemas educacionais: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México

This study focus on the reconfiguration of educational management in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, which was promoted by the new logic of social regulation and the new role attributed to the State, considering each country's own historicity. So, the cultural factors that interfere on the dynamics of the 90' school reform are analyzed. Aspects that show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these reforms in the region, as well as local specificities that block out the concretization of the reform are underlined. It is shown that the historicity that characterizes the educational reform has taken, in each country, a form that can be called, in Mexico, conservative rupture; in Chile, conservative continuity; in Brazil, conservative renovation; and, in Argentina, interrupted rupture. Some conclusions about the impact of educational reform in the selected countries are recuperated through the analysis of 186 academic texts on the subject.

Reflexão sobre alguns desafios do ensino médio no Brasil hoje

The purpose of this article is to develop some ideas that may contribute to the debate about the secondary education in Brazil, giving emphasis to the conditions existing in the educational institutions, the ongoing educational policies and the challenges posed by the social, economic and political reality of the country. It is also discussed the political, social and economic importance of the expansion and the compulsory character of secondary education as well as the school's culture dimension, in its relationship to the so-called knowledge society. Finally, the role of secondary education for the youth and the new demands it poses for teachers are presented, among some others aspects.

Governamentalidade democrática e ensino de Filosofia no Brasil contemporâneo

This article takes the concepts of biopower and governmentality as the starting point for an analysis of certain recent Brazilian government documents about the introduction of Philosophy as a subject in secondary school. In the 1980s, this argument centered on Philosophy's so-called criticism and its potential for preparing citizens for a democratic society, was used by the movements aimed to restore democracy in Brazil. This argument appears to have been assimilated by the Brazilian government, because it is stated in the Guidelines and Bases of Education Law, secondary school students should demonstrate knowledge of philosophy necessary for the exercise of citizenship. The argument also appears in documents such as the PCN and PCN+ (National Curricular Parameters) and OCEM (Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary School) in their chapters on Philosophy. These documents are examined here in the light of governmentality, making explicit how Philosophy is equipped to train young people according to what is understood as a modern democratic society.

Organização de pesquisa no Brasil: lições do passado, propostas para o futuro

Chemical research in Brazil has grown significantly in the past 20 years, largely thanks to the Brazilian S&T Development Program of the federal government (PADCT). However, the newly achieved levels of highly qualified manpower and research infra-structure require new research organization frameworks to make science, technology and innovation really useful and meaningful for the citizens. The current requirements for creating viable networks of academic and industry researchers are presented and discussed as well as some structural and procedural bottlenecks that have to be eliminated, to achieve maximum high-quality science, technology and relevant innovation output.

25 anos de quimiometria no Brasil

Chemometric activities in Brazil are described according to three phases: before the existence of microcomputers in the 1970s, through the initial stages of microcomputer use in the 1980s and during the years of extensive microcomputer applications of the ´90s and into this century. Pioneering activities in both the university and industry are emphasized. Active research areas in chemometrics are cited including experimental design, pattern recognition and classification, curve resolution for complex systems and multivariate calibration. New trends in chemometrics, especially higher order methods for treating data, are emphasized.

A importância das revistas Química Nova e Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society no crescimento da área de química no Brasil

Quimica Nova and the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society are two examples of successful initiatives taken by the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ - Sociedade Brasileira de Química), and may serve as models for the scientific societies of developing countries. Pillars of the SBQ, these two periodicals are undeniable demonstrations that idealism, utopia and dignity are the essential ingredients for transforming dreams into reality. Few believed that the Brazilian chemical community would one day have, as it does today, two scientific research periodicals indexed in the principal international data banks.

Estudo da capacidade de complexação e sua relação com algumas variáveis ambientais em cinco represas do Rio Tietê/Brasil

The copper and cadmium complexation properties in natural sediment suspensions of reservoirs of the Tietê River were studied using the solid membrane copper and cadmium ion-selective electrodes. The complexation and the average conditional stability constants were determined under equilibrium conditions at pH=6.00 ± 0.05 in a medium of 1.0 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The copper and cadmium electrodes presented Nernstian behavior from 1x10-6 to 1x10-3 mol L-1 of total metal concentration. Scatchard graphs suggest two classes of binding sites for both metals. A multivariate study was done to correlate the reservoirs and the variables: complexation properties, size, total organic carbon, volatile acid sulfide, E II and pH.