980 resultados para Dar Zarrouk


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Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel- oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwe llers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural - formal as well as informal - urbani- sation are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A mul- titemporal and multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualise the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the south of Dar Es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analysed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously, and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in- terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualise an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analysed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob- served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase the density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

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Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde überprüft, ob ein niedriges Selbstkonzept einen Risikofaktor für Anpassungsprobleme unmittelbar nach dem Schuleintritt darstellt. Dazu wurden die Entwicklungsverläufe von 31 Kindern mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept und 72 Kindern mit hohem Selbstkonzept miteinander verglichen. Im Kindergarten unterschieden sich die beiden Gruppen weder in soziodemographischen noch in kognitiven Merkmalen. Nach dem Schuleintritt waren Kinder mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept in der Schule jedoch sowohl sozial als auch in Bezug auf ihre Leistung weniger angepasst als Kinder mit hohem Selbstkonzept. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Bedeutsamkeit diskutiert.

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Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel-oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwellers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural, coupled with formal as well as infor-mal urbanization are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A multitemporal multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualize the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the South of Dar es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analyzed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in-terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualize an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analyzed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob-served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Kampfschrift für die Errichtung einer deutschen Republik. Warnung vor dem "kampfunfähige[n] Parlir- und Parlamentärgeschlecht" der konstitutionellen Partei sowie vor der Politik Rußlands und Frankreichs

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von A. Seidel

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This study investigated the gender difference between male and female injection drug users’ (IDUs) life circumstances, income and risky sexual and drug behaviors. The study sample comprised of 318 male and 249 female injection drug users in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. There were gender differences between male and female IDUs in terms of life circumstances and sexual behaviors. There were no differences in the drug behaviors among the two sexes. Women were more likely to be 21-25 years of age, have had more sexual partners in the last 30 days, traded sex for money, and have been sexually abused as a child. On the other hand, the males were more likely to be 26-30 years of age and have never used a condom during sex in the last 30 days. Regardless of the differences in sexual risk behaviors by gender, both male and female injection drug users in Dar es Salaam are at risk of HIV/AIDS, blood borne and other sexually transmitted diseases associated with drug use.^

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Since heroin was introduced to East Africa during the 1980s, heroin use practices have changed rapidly in response to various internal and external pressures. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the population of heroin users and locations of heroin use in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in order to understand recent contexts of heroin use. The study took place between June 30 and August 19, 2011, in all three districts (Kinondoni, Ilala, and Temeke) of Dar es Salaam. We mapped sites using a Global Positioning System device, counted numbers of heroin users, and conducted informal interviews with heroin users. The mixed-methods analyses of the data included quantifying the basic demographic and aggregate information about the sites and heroin users, as well as qualitative analysis and coding of fieldnotes from observations and responses to interviews which was used to identify themes and characteristics of heroin users. ^ We identified a total of 150 sites and counted a total of 1046 male and 46 female non-injecting drug users and 78 male and 9 female injecting drug users (IDUs) of heroin. We found that social organization existed at some of the sites, with 31% (n=47) of sites reporting having a leader and 44% (n=66) of sites reporting mutual aid between users frequenting the site. We had difficulty locating IDUs and female drug users, and the majority of users we encountered were heroin smokers of kokteli, a mixture of heroin, cannabis, and/or tobacco which is smoked like a cigarette. ^ This research highlighted heroin smokers’ desire for access to drug treatment services. The current methadone-based medication assisted treatment (MAT) program is funded and operates as an HIV prevention program for IDUs to reduce HIV infection in this population and slow or stop the spread of a second wave of HIV infection in the general population. However, smokers perceived MAT to be primarily a drug use prevention or cessation program and felt unjustly neglected from the intervention, leading to a tense relationship with IDUs. From a public health standpoint, future interventions should include heroin smokers to prevent HIV transmission. ^

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Este trabajo aborda la conexión entre prácticas de comunicación y movimientos sociales a través de la particular asunción de lo popular que realizó el anarquismo en nuestro país a principios del siglo XX. Tomamos como caso particular el teatro didáctico propuesto por Alberto Ghiraldo, para describir algunas de las estrategias comunicacionales puestas en función, en relación con la cultura popular, con el fin de concientizar a las masas de los aspectos ideológicos del anarquismo.

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En 1972, en el marco de la dictadura que se lleva a cabo en Brasil, Waly Salomao publica Me segura que eu vou dar um troço, texto que comienza a escribir a modo de diario durante su estadía en la cárcel de Carandiru. Entablando un diálogo tanto con la tradición experimental de la Poesía Concreta como con la nueva sensibilidad que postula el Tropicalismo, Me segura que eu vou dar um troço se constituye como un ejercicio de experimentación formal que involucra tanto una dimensión ética como estética. El objetivo de nuestra exposición será, en este sentido, reflexionar acerca de la posibilidad de leer en el trabajo con las formas presente en Me segura que eu vou dar um troço una crítica a la ideología estética de la racionalidad moderna, en la medida en que pone en tela de juicio la pureza de lo estético y problematiza la relación entre la literatura y la vida

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Mucho se ha escrito acerca de la fascinación de Calderón por la pintura, como lo prueban suDeposición en defensa de aquel arte y de sus hacedores, las tramoyas y grandiosas escenografías en los montajes de su teatro palaciego y la incorporación de diversas técnicas de visualización pictórica en la escritura de sus comedias, tal como sucede en Darlo todo y no dar nada (1651). Los cuatro retratos materialmente existentes en su realización escénicainvolucran a Alejandro Magno, Apeles y Campaspe y comprometen la decisiva intervención del filósofo Diógenes, contrafigura del Príncipe. Pero los retratos -más allá de su funciónexplícita en la trama de la comedia- se erigen en claves visualizadoras de las antinomiasrealidad/artificio, verdad/ trampantojo. Estos espejos abreviados del sentido profundo de la comedia, simultáneamente refieren elípticamente al presente histórico del lector/espectadordel Seiscientos y expresan una tendencia innovadora dentro del espectro metateatral barroco. La pintura en el teatro, axis de la comedia, puede ser espejo que duplica el ser o cristalengañosamente transparente, político, cuando el retratado es Alejandro, cuyo poderío convierte al mundo en "línea de su imperio". Parafraseando a Diógenes, deus ex machina ydoble del dramaturgo, es forzoso que la ciencia, "contra los achaques del siglo" acuda al artificio del artificio teatral, esto es, al metateatro, para desenmascarar la paradojal trama del poder imperial de Felipe IV.

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En 2006 se desarrolló en La Plata un juicio a quien fuera Director General de Investigaciones de la policía de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura, Miguel Etchecolatz. Acusado en esta oportunidad por ocho casos de privaciones ilegales de la libertad, aplicación de tormentos y homicidios, fue condenado a reclusión perpetua. Se trató del primer juicio realizado a partir de la anulación de las leyes de Punto Final y Obediencia Debida y, a diferencia de los procesos judiciales realizados durante la década del ochenta, contó con la figura de querellantes. Así, junto a la fiscalía de Estado participaron de la acusación personas particulares, organismos de derechos humanos y diversas organizaciones sociales. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las diferentes estrategias jurídico-políticas que adoptaron los distintos actores sociales durante la etapa de audiencias testimoniales del juicio oral, como parte de las luchas por los sentidos del pasado

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En 2006 se desarrolló en La Plata un juicio a quien fuera Director General de Investigaciones de la policía de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura, Miguel Etchecolatz. Acusado en esta oportunidad por ocho casos de privaciones ilegales de la libertad, aplicación de tormentos y homicidios, fue condenado a reclusión perpetua. Se trató del primer juicio realizado a partir de la anulación de las leyes de Punto Final y Obediencia Debida y, a diferencia de los procesos judiciales realizados durante la década del ochenta, contó con la figura de querellantes. Así, junto a la fiscalía de Estado participaron de la acusación personas particulares, organismos de derechos humanos y diversas organizaciones sociales. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las diferentes estrategias jurídico-políticas que adoptaron los distintos actores sociales durante la etapa de audiencias testimoniales del juicio oral, como parte de las luchas por los sentidos del pasado

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