Material de cama: qualidade, quantidade e efeito sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte

An experiment was conducted to evaluate performance, mortality and incidence of lesions on the breasts, hooks and foot pads of broilers raised on wood-scrap litter, rice hulls, Brachiaria hey (Brachiaria decumbens), Napier hay (Pennisetum purpureum) and Coast-cross hay (Cynodon dactylon). A randomized experimental design with five litters, two sexes, four replications and fifty birds per box was used. A standard litter height of 5 cm of wood-scraps and a weight of 20 250 g were adopted as criteria for use of other materials in the boxes. The amount of excreta deposited was 1697 g per raised bird (34,00 % of feed consumption). The incidence of lesions was evaluated in five birds per box after 35, 42 and 49 days and after slaughter. The criteria for scoring lesions were: 0 = without lesion; 1 = inflammation; 2 = mild ulceration; 3 = severe ulceration. At the end of experimental period (49 days) no differences were observed For weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed/gain ratio and mortality among treatments. The lesions of the hocks and foot pads of the birds, raised on either Coast-cross hay and Napier hay, were more severe than those on wood-scraps and Brachiaria hay. Males showed better performance than females, but their hock lesions were more severe, independent of the litter used. Based on the performance and lesions scores, it was concluded that Braquiaria hay could be used as litter in replace wood-scraps and rice bulls.

Efeitos de dietas com polpa cítrica em substituição ao milho em grãos no concentrado sobre a degradabilidade e a fauna ruminal em bubalinos

Quatro búfalos com cânulas ruminais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quadrado latino 4 x 4, compreendendo quatro rações com feno de capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactylon) (50% MS) e níveis crescentes de polpa cítrica peletizada em substituição ao milho em grão moído no concentrado (0, 33, 66 e 100% MS). Foram avaliadas a degradabilidade dos nutrientes e a população de protozoários no rúmen. Houve efeito quadrático da fração solúvel dos nutrientes entre os tratamentos, com valores maiores nos dois extremos. A taxa de degradação da PB do feno e da MS da polpa cítrica apresentou-se linear com aumento da polpa cítrica na ração. As rações contendo polpa cítrica promoveram menores concentrações de Entodinium e número total de ciliados/mL que a dieta só com milho. Houve predominância dos Entodinium nas dietas contendo somente milho ou somente polpa cítrica, enquanto em mistura predominaram os ciliados da subfamília Diplodiniinae. Observou-se efeito de interação da polpa cítrica com o milho, promovendo modificações no metabolismo ruminal, especialmente na solubilidade dos nutrientes, na curva do pH e na composição da fauna.

Efeito de diferentes relações volumoso: concentrado no consumo, digestibilidade aparente e partição da digestão da dieta de bovinos

Three steers equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed roughage:concentrate ratios 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60 in order to study intake and apparent, rumen and post-rumen digestibilities. The roughage was ''coast cross'' (Cynodon dactylon) hay (5.67% CP and 83.30% NDF). Undigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was used as dry matter (DM) flow marker. DM intake means were 77.99, 91.03 and 91.81g DM/kg BW0.75, for the 20, 40 and 60% concentrate diets, respectively. DM intake for the 20% diet was statistically (P < 0.05) different from the other two diets. Apparent digestion coefficient (%) of DM (50.48, 57.32 and 61.33), organic matter (OM) (52.03, 58.91 and 62.76) and gross energy (GE) (48.95, 56.40 and 60.00) increased significantly with the increase in concentrate ratio of the diets. For the following components the apparent digestion coefficients were not statistically different: NDF (44.54, 45.28 and 42.53), ADF (40.69 44.39 and 43.60), cellulose (51.54, 54.34 and 52.03), hemicellulose (49.63, 46.78 and 39.18) and starch (86.59, 91.89 and 93.21). DM, OM, NDF, ATF, cellulose and starch ruminal and post-ruminal digestibilities were not statistically different. But the ruminal digestibilities of hemicellulose (94.81, 90.26 and 85.99) and EG (93.85, 83.30 and 78.77) decreased significantly as the concentrate ratio of the diets increased. The post-ruminal digestibility of hemicellulose (5.19, 9.74 and 14.03%) and GE (6.12, 16.20 and 21.23%) increased as the concentrate ratio of the diets increased.

Influence of nutrition on the glucose absorption and tolerance test in horses submitted to different fasting periods

Four groups of horses of Brasileiro de Hipismo bred were submitted to fasting for 24 and 48 hours in order to study the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Two groups were fed with coast cross grass (Cynodon dactylon) and the other two groups with coast cross pasture and grains. At the end of the fasting periods, the groups received 1g of glucose/kg of body weight in a 20% solution through a nasogastric tube. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 70, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 minutes after glucose administration. Glycemia was determined by the orthotoluidine method and insulin by radioimmunoassay. The animals which received grains showed larger increase in glycemia and insulinemia than those maintained on pasture regimen alone. The 48-hour fasting period induced higher glycemia and insulinemia levels than those observed after 24-hour fasting.

Flutuação populacional de cigarrinhas-das-pastagens na Região Oeste do Paraná

The spittlebugs are considered the most important pests in tropical pastures. The damages caused by these insects decrease the production of pastures. The objective this work was to study the population dynamics of Notozulia entreriana, from June 2007 to June 2008, and the correlation with meteorological and environmental factors (rainfall, temperature, daily solar radiation and pasture height). Therefore, sampled were made in three areas of grassland in the municipality of Marechal Candido Rondon-PR. Sampling of adults and nymphs was made. Also we determined which species of spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) occur in the western region of Parana State. The population fluctuation of N. entreriana showed four peaks during the period of favorable development - spring / summer. The daily solar radiation had a higher correlation with the population. Rainfall, temperature and pasture height had little correlation with the population dynamics. The species that occurred with greater abundance was N. entreriana, representing 88.4% of the total insects collected in western of Parana State.

Relação entre o fluxo luminoso interceptado em diferentes épocas no índice de área foliar de diferentes forrageiras

The objective was to evaluate the leaf area index of six different grasses. The experiment was installed at the Instituto Federal de Tecnologia e Educacao of Uberaba, using a randomized block design with split plots in time. The plots were sown: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes, Cynodon dactylon hb. Tifton and the plots, ten seasons of evaluation in 10 x 6 factorial arrangement with four replications. Rates of leaf area of each forage at different times of year were evaluated. Compared to other forage species, Panicum maximum had a higher leaf area index when subjected to periodic fertilization and irrigation. Only in the late fall Brachiaria Xaraes IAF had increased, but did not differ significantly from the others.

Avaliação agronômica de sete acessos de Hemarthria altissima [poir.]stapf et C.E.Hubb.em Pindamonhangaba, SP

The experiment was carried out to evaluate seven accessions of limpograss Hermathria altissima (PI 364888, NO 158, PI 364863, IPEACO 336, UF 553, UF 347238, and IPEACO 337) as compared to coast-cross grass (Cynodon dactylon), to determine which grasses were best adapted ecologically to conditions at Pindamonhangaba. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Five annual harvests were taken during the three-year experimental period, two in the dry season and three in the rainy season. The higher annual DM yields (kgDM/ ha) were obtained with accessions UF 553 (19996), NO 158 (18745), and PI 347238 (18267). Accessions UF 553 and IPEACO 336 had the most uniform production throughout the year with 37.4 and 33.2% during the dry season, respectively. Coast-cross had the highest percentage of crude protein (10.30%), while limpograss values varied around 7%. It was concluded that accession UF553 was the most promising grass for the Pindamonhangaba region.

Crescimento da grama bermudas sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação

The objective of the present study was to analyze the most appropriate water depth for maintaining a good quality of Bermudas Grass (Cynodon dactylon) for soccer fields while saving water and electrical resources. Four treatments were used: T1 - irrigated with a water depth of 50% of evapotranspiration (ETo), T2 - irrigated with a water depth of 75% of ETo, T3 - irrigated with a water depth of 100% of ETo and T4 - irrigated with a water depth of 150% of ETo, all treatments were irrigated daily. The reference ETo was obtained by the Penman-Monteith method. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from June to September 2010 and from January to March 2011. Three evaluations of the variables were performed during the experimental period. The samples were obtained with the help of a cylindrical extractor with 10 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. In each sample height and dry organic matter (leaf, root and organic material) were analyzed. The experimental design was randomized block with four treatments in five blocks. No significant differences were observed for dry matter and height (roots and organic material). The best results were those for T4 which obtained the greatest height.

Utilização de probióticos na alimentação inicial de bezerros

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FEIS

Estoque de carbono e dinâmica ecofisiológica em sistemas silvipastoris

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Irrigação no desenvolvimento da grama Bermudas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Efeitos do incremento da fibra em detergente neutro, sobre parâmetros de desempenho, de digestibilidade dos componentes dietéticos e da morfologia intestinal de marrãs

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Tropical tanniniferous legumes used as an option to mitigate sheep enteric methane emission

This study presents the first results from Brazil using SF6 tracer technique adapted from cattle to evaluate the capability of condensed tannin (CT) present in three tropical legume forages, Leucaena leucocephala (LEU), Styzolobium aterrimum (STA), and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth (MIM) to reduce enteric CH4 production in Santa Ins sheep. Twelve male lambs [27.88 +/- 2.85 kg body weight (BW)] were allocated in individual metabolic cages for 20-day adaptation followed by 6 days for measuring dry matter intake (DMI) and CH4 emission. All lambs received water, mineral supplement, and Cynodon dactylon v. coast-cross hay ad libitum. The treatments consisted of soybean meal (710 g/kg) and ground corn (290 g/kg) [control (CON)]; soybean meal (150 g/kg), ground corn (30 g/kg), and Leucaena hay (820 g/kg) (LEU); soybean meal (160 g/kg), ground corn (150 g/kg), and Mucuna hay (690 g/kg) (STA); and soybean meal (280 g/kg), ground corn (190 g/kg), and Mimosa hay (530 g/kg) (MIM); all calculated to provide 40 g/kg CT (except for CON). DMI (in grams of DMI per kilogram BW per day) was lower for LEU (22.0) than CON (29.3), STA (31.2), and MIM (31.6). The LEU group showed emission of 7.8 g CH4/day, significantly lower than CON (10.5 g CH4/day), STA (10.4 g CH4/day), and MIM (11.3 g CH4/day). However, when the CH4 emission per DMI was considered, there were no significant differences among treatments (0.37, 0.36, 0.33, and 0.35 g CH4/g DMI/kg BW/day, respectively, for CON, LEU, STA, and MIM). The sheep receiving STA had shown a tendency (p = 0.15) to reduce methane emission when compared to the CON group. Therefore, it is suggested that tropical tanniniferous legumes may have potential to reduce CH4 emission in sheep, but more research is warranted to confirm these results.

Influência do tipo de alimento sobre o estabelecimento de Haemonchus contortus em cordeiros

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da aplicação de água residuária de graxaria em elementos químicos do solo e na produção e composição mineral de duas espécies forrageiras

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV