Learning from within: on students, olives and ethnographic knowledge

The chapter elicits the experience of teaching “Ethnography and Tourism” to undergraduate students at the University of Evora. Our main focus of research and teaching has been directed towards teaching exploratory ethnographic methods in order to promote an understanding of the material and immaterial dimensions of the cultural contexts of the region and beyond. Secondly, and, at the same time, we also learn ethnography by reading and discussing comparative research of other ethnographies of tourism spaces, eliciting, among the students, the ethical problems raised by the consequences of tourism in peoples’ cultural settings.

Portugal : da 1ª República à Ditadura Militar : estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem em contextos culturais multiétnicos

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Ensino de História e Geografia no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, 2013

Children’s Friendships and Learning in School: Cognitive Enhancement Through Social Interaction?

Background. Recent literature has identified that children's performance on cognitive (or problem-solving) tasks can be enhanced when undertaken as a joint activity among pairs of pupils. Performance on this ‘social’ activity will require quality relationships between pupils, leading some researchers to argue that friendships are characterized by these quality relationships and, therefore, that friendship grouping should be used more frequently within classrooms. Aims. Children's friendship grouping may appear to be a reasonable basis for cognitive development in classrooms, although there is only inconsistent evidence to support this argument. The inconsistency may be explained by the various bases for friendship, and how friendship is affected by cultural contexts of gender and schooling. This study questions whether classroom-based friendship pairings will perform consistently better on a cognitive task than acquaintance pairings, taking into account gender, age, and ability level of children. The study also explores the nature of school-based friendship described by young children. Sample. 72 children were paired to undertake science reasoning tasks (SRTs). Pairings represented friendship (versus acquaintance), sex (male and female pairings), ability (teacher-assessed high, medium, and low), and age (children in Years 1, 3, and 5 in a primary school). Method. A small-scale quasi-experimental design was used to assess (friendship- or acquaintance-based) paired performance on SRTs. Friendship pairs were later interviewed about qualities and activities that characterized their friendships. Results. Girls' friendship pairings were found to perform at the highest SRT levels and boys' friendship pairing performed at the lowest levels. Both boy and girl acquaintance pairings performed at mid-SRT levels. These findings were consistent across Year (in school) levels and ability levels. Interviews revealed that male and female friendship pairs were likely to participate in different types of activity, with girls being school-inclusive and boys being school-exclusive. Conclusion. Recommendations to use friendship as a basis for classroom grouping for cognitive tasks may facilitate performance of some pairings, but may also inhibit the performance of others. This is shown very clearly with regard to gender. Some of the difference in cognitive task performance may be explained by distinct, cultural (and social capital) orientations to friendship activities, with girls integrating school and educational considerations into friendship, and boys excluding school and educational considerations.

Identifying and explaining framing strategies of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations

Over the last decade we have seen the growth and development of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations, which seek to encourage members of the public to reduce their personal energy use and carbon emissions. As a first step to assess the transformational potential of such organisations, this paper examines the ways in which they frame their activities. This reveals an important challenge they face: in addressing the broader public, do they promote ‘transformative’ behaviours or do they limit themselves to encouraging ‘easy changes’ to maintain their appeal? We find evidence that many organisations within this movement avoid ‘transformative’ frames. The main reasons for this are organisers’ perceptions that transformational frames lack resonance with broader audiences, as well as wider cultural contexts that caution against behavioural intervention. The analysis draws on interviews with key actors in the low carbon lifestyle movement and combines insights from the literatures on collective action framing and lifestyle movements.

How Formal and Informal Institutions of Middle Eastern Countries Influence Managerial Discretion: An Empirical Investigation

Managerial discretion is the focal theme bridging the clash between two schools of thoughts; whether executives have greater influence on their firms’ outcomes or other factors restrain their actions (Hambrick & Finkelstein, 1987). It is argued that constraints come from inertial, normative and environmental forces (e.g. DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). Of these restraints is the institutional environment in which a firm is headquartered. Our paper falls within this research stream and provides an extension for Crossland and Hambrick (2007, 2011) work. We investigate the national level of discretion in new cross-cultural contexts, provide deeper understanding of its concept, and shed the light on undiscovered discretion’s antecedents and consequences. We adopt a quantitative approach in which questionnaires represent our data collection instrument. We anticipate that in high discretion countries firms tend to follow what Miles & Snow (1978) labeled ‘Prospector’ strategy as opposed to low discretion countries in which firms incline to implement a ‘Defender’ strategy.

A Metodologia de trabalho de projeto na prática profissional supervisionada em Jardim de Infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Reconceptualising public spaces of (IN)equality: sensing and creating layers of visibility

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Geografia e Planeamento Territorial - Especialidade: Geografia Humana

La thématique hivernale dans les oeuvres de Maurice Cullen, de 1896 à 1914

Ce mémoire propose une étude de la thématique hivernale dans les tableaux réalisés par Maurice Cullen (1864-1936) entre 1896 et 1914. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse des contextes politiques et culturels. Pour représenter les paysages enneigés canadiens, Cullen adapte quelques techniques modernes issues de l’impressionnisme, acquises lors de son premier séjour en Europe. Malgré cette influence artistique étrangère présente par l’emploi d’une palette de couleurs vives et de la touche divisée, le respect de la perspective et de la tridimensionnalité témoignent du maintien de certains principes académiques. L’usage de procédés impressionnistes permet à cet artiste de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques atmosphériques et lumineuses de son pays. Par l’application de ces procédés sur la représentation de la neige, Cullen participe ainsi à un travail de redécouverte et de valorisation du territoire. En effet, il privilégie plutôt l’expérience sensitive du territoire que le choix de la thématique des œuvres. L’ensemble des données visuelles et sensitives contenues dans ses œuvres a pour objectif de faire prendre conscience au spectateur de sa difficulté à se repérer au sein de son propre territoire et à accepter les rudes conditions climatiques inhérentes au Canada. Ce travail demeure impartial face au conflit identitaire opposant les francophones et les anglophones, bien qu’il intervienne dans les prémices de la mise en place d’une esthétique canadienne. Ce mémoire défend l’idée que Cullen renouvelle l’imagerie hivernale et s’inscrit dans les débuts du processus de création d’une iconographie nationale. Avec ses pairs, il s’engage à valoriser l’art local, et il ouvre une réflexion sur la représentation du territoire canadien, qui sera poursuivie par la génération suivante avec le Groupe des Sept.

Of tradition and conversion : a comparative study of two Phuo griottes

La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).

Le livre à la télévision : dispositifs comparés des émissions littéraires en Allemagne, Espagne et France (1950-2010)

Siegfried Kracauer a fait remarquer, déjà en 1931, que le bestseller est un « signe d’une expérience sociologique réussie ». Dans le cas des émissions littéraires à la télévision, nous assistons à une double configuration d’un succès : celui de l’émission, puis celui du livre. Au- delà de leur influence sur la consommation des livres, les programmes médiatiques sur la littérature font partie de l’ensemble de lieux communs (Robert, 2002) et, comme les écoles ou les institutions littéraires, participent à l’établissement des traditions de lecture. Ils présentent explicitement ou implicitement les titres désirables et prescrivent les normes de lecture acceptées. En présélectionnant des livres pour des milliers de gens à la fois, en invitant des auteurs à présenter leur œuvres ou en mettant en vedette des critiques littéraires, ces programmes de formats fort différents participent aux processus de légitimation culturelle. Cette thèse décrit les différentes modalités des formes de présentation du fait littéraire à la télévision et leurs évolutions. À travers une analyse d’une sélection d’émissions qui ont connu du succès à différentes époques et dans différents contextes culturels, cette recherche vise à cerner la relation médiatique qui existe entre la littérature et la télévision. Établissant ainsi les caractéristiques d’une expérience socio-médiatique réussie, cette thèse explore le dispositif de l’émission littéraire télévisuelle tel qu’il s’est développé entre 1950 et 2010, principalement en étudiant les émissions qui ont marqué la télévision nationale et le paysage littéraire en Allemagne, en Espagne et en France. En décrivant le dispositif médiatique qui fait le lien entre la conception, la production, le contenu et la portée de ces émissions, à travers une approche comparée et intermédiale, cette recherche analyse le complexe réseau de médiations qui entrent en jeu dans la construction et dans la réception de ces émissions, suivant quatre axes thématiques: le dispositif médiatique, la relation avec l’écrivain, le rôle primordial du présentateur et la mise en scène des lecteurs.

Compilation of documents for the development of a state of art of the investigation of perdurability

A través del estudio y la investigación basados en bibliografía de diversas nacionalidades que data desde la década de los setenta hasta la actualidad, ha sido posible analizar la tendencia académica de las investigaciones acerca la Perdurabilidad. Esta recolección de estudios es una fuente de información para todos aquellos que deseen tener un entendimiento más profundo acerca de la teoría que sostiene el concepto de Perdurabilidad. A lo largo de esta investigación, el lector encontrará un conjunto de varios autores de distintas nacionalidades que abordaron el tema de la Perdurabilidad bajo alguna de sus concepciones (longevidad, resistencia, supervivencia); lo que permite tener una visión más amplia acerca de la importancia de ciertos estudios de acuerdo a su origen y contexto cultural. Es importante resaltar que esta investigación es netamente teórica con el propósito de aclarar el concepto de Perdurabilidad y facilitar futuras investigaciones acerca de este tema

The work of psychologists in social policy in Brazil

This study verses on the meeting of psychology with the social policy area. The objective is to discuss how psychologists that work in the Basic Health Units and in the Social Assistance Reference Centers experience their daily practices. Using the interview and participant observation methods, we investigated the modes of action of 13 psychologists involved in these service units. The results indicate that because these contexts are adverse to the traditional forms of action, many professionals experience daily strangeness and discomfort, resulting from their encounters with limiting situations of difficult management. Furthermore, we observed practices and experiences that were marked by feelings of compassion, pity, and resentment. We consider, finally, that the encounter between psychology and social policies requires flexibility in traditional acting modes as well as the pursuit of strategies that consider cultural contexts characteristics, avoiding capture, fatigue and saturation process that stifle the worker.

Resiliencia y variables sociodemograficas

En el presente trabajo se aborda la definición de una de las variables dentro de lo que se denomina Capital psicológico positivo, la Resiliencia, sus principales características y algunas de las variables socio demográficas que en el estudio pretenden ver el nivel de relación existente entre cada una de ellas (indirecta o directamente) en el proceso resiliente de una persona para posteriores discusiones y su implicación dentro de la gestión empresarial y sus direcciones futuras.

Technology enhanced learning and augmented reality : an application on multimedia interactive books

Multimedia Interactive Book (miBook) reflects the development of a new concept of virtual interpretation of traditional text books and audio-visual content. By encompassing new technological approaches, using augmented reality technology, allows the final user to experience a variety of sensorial stimuli while enjoying and interacting with the content; therefore enhancing the learning process. miBook stands for a global educational intention to enable people not only to access but also to appropriate intellectually valuable contents coming from different linguistic and cultural contexts.

Estratégias de resolução de conflitos em adolescentes angolanos e portugueses

Pretendemos estudar situações de conflito interpessoal e sócio-moral e comparar as estratégias de resolução que são escolhidas por adolescentes de contextos culturais diferentes. Participaram no estudo 89 adolescentes, 44 portugueses e 45 angolanos, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 16 anos, distribuídos de forma equivalente pelos dois géneros. Foram construídos quatro dilemas que configuram situações de conflito interpessoal e moral habituais entre adolescentes (humilhação, inveja, rivalidade entre grupos e traição amorosa) e foram utilizadas quatro medidas, atribuição de comportamento e de emoção, perceção de ganhos e antecipação de custos. Os resultados revelaram que a escolha de estratégias de resolução de conflitos interpessoais (agressão física, agressão verbal, indiferença, negociação e outras) é insensível ao género, mas varia inter-medidas nas histórias de inveja e de traição, varia com o conteúdo sócio-moral das situações, sobretudo entre a história de traição amorosa e as outras histórias, e varia inter-culturas também para a história de traição, onde se verificam diferenças estatísticas nas três medidas. Os resultados mostram ainda que os adolescentes têm dificuldade em antecipar os custos associados às estratégias de resolução de conflitos interpessoais, pois optam maioritariamente por não responder a esta questão.