Catalan government popularity. An example of economic effects on sub-national government support

The aim of this essay is to deal with economic voting in contexts ofmultilevel governance and to be a contribution to the debate on attribution of responsibilities in popularity functions literature. We use aggregate and individual data from Catalonia in order to analyse the relation between the state of the economy and the support for a sub-state government. The empirical analysis shows that the responsibility hypothesis works in regional governments without explicit macroeconomic competencies. We have also considered the evaluations of government performance on certain specific policies in order to clarify and determine the factors that drive Catalan government support. The article considers the implications of the findings for future attempts to model party support in a context of the European Union.

Adverse selection, credit and efficiency: The case of the missing market

We analyze a standard environment of adverse selection in credit markets. In our environment,entrepreneurs who are privately informed about the quality of their projects needto borrow in order to invest. Conventional wisdom says that, in this class of economies, thecompetitive equilibrium is typically inefficient.We show that this conventional wisdom rests on one implicit assumption: entrepreneurscan only access monitored lending. If a new set of markets is added to provide entrepreneurswith additional funds, efficiency can be attained in equilibrium. An important characteristic ofthese additional markets is that lending in them must be unmonitored, in the sense that it doesnot condition total borrowing or investment by entrepreneurs. This makes it possible to attainefficiency by pooling all entrepreneurs in the new markets while separating them in the marketsfor monitored loans.

Market structure and hospital efficiency: Evaluating potential effects of deregulation in a national health service

In this article we examine the potential effect of market structureon hospital technical efficiency as a measure of performance controlled byownership and regulation. This study is relevant to provide an evaluationof the potential effects of recommended and initiated deregulation policiesin order to promote market reforms in the context of a European NationalHealth Service. Our goal was reached through three main empirical stages.Firstly, using patient origin data from hospitals in the region of Cataloniain 1990, we estimated geographic hospital markets through the Elzinga--Hogartyapproach, based on patient flows. Then we measured the market level ofconcentration using the Herfindahl--Hirschman index. Secondly, technicaland scale efficiency scores for each hospital was obtained specifying aData Envelopment Analysis. According to the data nearly two--thirds of thehospitals operate under the production frontier with an average efficiencyscore of 0.841. Finally, the determinants of the efficiency scores wereinvestigated using a censored regression model. Special attention waspaid to test the hypothesis that there is an efficiency improvement in morecompetitive markets. The results suggest that the number of competitors inthe market contributes positively to technical efficiency and there is someevidence that the differences in efficiency scores are attributed toseveral environmental factors such as ownership, market structure andregulation effects.

Executive Order, July 21, 1925

Appointments made to be members of the Armory Board, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, November 15, 1921

Mobilization of the 1st Battalion, 168th Infantry, Iowa National Guard, and orders to proceed to Ottumwa, Iowa.

Executive Order, May 1, 1927

Appointments made to be Aides on the Military Staff of the Governor - the Commander in Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, May 1, 1927

Appointments made to the Advisory Board of the Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, July 21, 1925

Appointments made to be aides on the staff of the Governor and Commander in Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, July 21, 1925

Appointments made to the Advisory Board, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, August 16, 1933

Appointment made of an Aide to the Military Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, December 20, 1934

Appointment of a member of the Armory Board, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, August 31, 1935

Appointment of an Aide on the Military Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, October 5, 1935

Appointment of an Aide on the Military Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, October 8, 1935

Appointment of an Aide on the Military Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Iowa National Guard

Executive Order, October 8, 1935

Appointment of an Aide on the Military Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Iowa National Guard