De aquí a allá, de ayer a hoy : Posmemoria y cine documental en la España y Argentina contemporáneas

Tanto en el panorama cinematográfico español como en el argentino, varios son los títulos que desde el ámbito no sólo de la ficción, sino también del documental, han pretendido dar una visión de lo que sucedió durante la guerra civil y el franquismo y, en el caso del país latinoamericano, de la última dictadura militar encabezada por Jorge Rafael Videla. Dentro de este grupúsculo de películas, en la última década se ha producido un nada despreciable número de películas documentales (Nadar, Entre el dictador y yo, Muerte en El Valle, El muro de los olvidados, Cosas raras que pasaban entonces, Pepe el andaluz o Tierra encima, en España; o Los Rubios, M, En memoria de los pájaros, Encontrando a Víctor, Papá Iván o La fe del volcán, en Argentina) firmadas por la generación siguiente o subsiguiente a la de quienes fueron víctimas directas o indirectas de la tortura, el exilio, la represión y la falta de libertades impuestas por sendos regímenes totalitarios. Se trata, en todos los casos, de jóvenes cineastas y videastas que se acercan a un pasado que no recuerdan pero al cual necesitan interrogar de manera imperiosa para poder definirse en tanto que sujetos políticos. El artículo que presentamos pretende acercarse a dos corpus cinematográficos fraguados en países geográficamente muy distantes pero realizados bajo una mirada muy similar: aquella que se arroja desde la 'posmemoria', esto es, desde una distancia generacional respecto a los hechos históricos evocados que proporciona a estas cintas una voz políticamente más crítica pero no por ello menos intimista y autobiográfica que la que puede ostentar el superviviente o el testigo directo de los hechos. El propósito último de nuestro análisis es el de poder dilucidar los puntos de convergencia y de divergencia entre un conjunto de producciones documentales que si bien creemos que aboga por la transmisión de la memoria entre generaciones y su continuidad en el futuro, implica la presencia, por su misma idiosincrasia, de vacíos, silencios, recreaciones y, en definitiva, (auto)ficciones que, normalmente desde la primera persona, dan fe de unos sujetos fracturados por los traumáticos y complejos orígenes de sus respectivas genealogías familiares

De aquí a allá, de ayer a hoy : Posmemoria y cine documental en la España y Argentina contemporáneas

Tanto en el panorama cinematográfico español como en el argentino, varios son los títulos que desde el ámbito no sólo de la ficción, sino también del documental, han pretendido dar una visión de lo que sucedió durante la guerra civil y el franquismo y, en el caso del país latinoamericano, de la última dictadura militar encabezada por Jorge Rafael Videla. Dentro de este grupúsculo de películas, en la última década se ha producido un nada despreciable número de películas documentales (Nadar, Entre el dictador y yo, Muerte en El Valle, El muro de los olvidados, Cosas raras que pasaban entonces, Pepe el andaluz o Tierra encima, en España; o Los Rubios, M, En memoria de los pájaros, Encontrando a Víctor, Papá Iván o La fe del volcán, en Argentina) firmadas por la generación siguiente o subsiguiente a la de quienes fueron víctimas directas o indirectas de la tortura, el exilio, la represión y la falta de libertades impuestas por sendos regímenes totalitarios. Se trata, en todos los casos, de jóvenes cineastas y videastas que se acercan a un pasado que no recuerdan pero al cual necesitan interrogar de manera imperiosa para poder definirse en tanto que sujetos políticos. El artículo que presentamos pretende acercarse a dos corpus cinematográficos fraguados en países geográficamente muy distantes pero realizados bajo una mirada muy similar: aquella que se arroja desde la 'posmemoria', esto es, desde una distancia generacional respecto a los hechos históricos evocados que proporciona a estas cintas una voz políticamente más crítica pero no por ello menos intimista y autobiográfica que la que puede ostentar el superviviente o el testigo directo de los hechos. El propósito último de nuestro análisis es el de poder dilucidar los puntos de convergencia y de divergencia entre un conjunto de producciones documentales que si bien creemos que aboga por la transmisión de la memoria entre generaciones y su continuidad en el futuro, implica la presencia, por su misma idiosincrasia, de vacíos, silencios, recreaciones y, en definitiva, (auto)ficciones que, normalmente desde la primera persona, dan fe de unos sujetos fracturados por los traumáticos y complejos orígenes de sus respectivas genealogías familiares

Careers guidance: an international perspective

The rationales for comparative studies of guidance systems are outlined. The key differences between guidance systems in different countries can be related to stage of economic development, to the political system, to social and cultural factors, to the education and training system, and to professional and organisational structures. The competing pressures towards convergence and divergence between guidance systems are explored.

Report of the ESIL IEL IG Göttingen Conference on PTAs and World Economic Order

Presentation of the main findings of the first ESIL IEL IG Conference in Göttingen in March 2014. The conference provided a thorough overview over all of the current legal issues relating to preferentialism. Particularly the discussions on the role of academia in solving these new challenges in global trade regulation were perceived as fruitful and inspiring.

The higher-order factor structures of five personality inventories

This study examined the internal higher-order structures of five personality inventories (the Hogan Personality Inventory, the Occupational Personality Questionnaire, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Personality and Preferences Inventory, Profile Match). A sample of 356 individuals from the UK working population completed various combinations of the five inventories. Overall, the results indicated sensible and interpretable factor structures for the inventories. Cross-inventory factor analyses of the extracted factors revealed a variant of the Big Five model underpinning them, enabling examination of inventory convergence and divergence. Our study also examined and compared representations of the General Factor of Personality in each of the inventories. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

A comparative analysis of cultural value orientations of Polish and Turkish employees:implications for international human resource management

This study empirically compares and contrasts the cultural value orientations of employees from Poland and Turkey by testing the compatibility of their values in three stages through seven cultural dimensions. The first phase of the study deals with the assessment of inter-country cultural value differences; the second phase investigates the intra-country cultural dynamics between selected demographic groups; and the third phase examines the inter-country cultural differences among the selected demographic groups of employees. The research has been conducted adopting the Maznevski, DiStephano, and Nason's (1995) version of cultural perspectives questionnaire with a sample of 744 (548 Polish and 196 Turkish) respondents. The results show significant cultural differences between Poland and Turkey, a presence of cultural dynamics among certain demographic groups within the country, and a mixture of convergence and divergence in the value systems of certain demographic groups both within and between the two nation(s). The research findings convey important messages to international human resource strategists in order for them to employ an effective and rational employment policy and business negotiation approach(es) to effectively operate in these countries. It also highlights that diversity of cultural values not only requires viewing each of them through cultural dimensions at a macro-level with a cross-country reference, but also requires monitoring their dynamics at the micro-level with reference to controlled demographic groups. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

Contemporary Europe

The second edition of this very successful textbook updates and expands its coverage of the many facets of life in Europe in the new century. It retains the strengths of the first edition with its focus on both East and West but expands its coverage of the themes of convergence and divergence, and includes a new chapter on the European Economy.

The Impact of Proactive Strategies on Market Performance in Economic Downturn: the Case of Hungary

Recession in 2008/09 affected almost all the European countries seriously but some of them were hurt to greater extent. The timing of economic downturns can never be appropriate but it found Hungary at the time when it was in a vulnerable condition leading to a prolong struggle to find the way out. However, each company’s own experience and approach in crisis can differ from what the whole economy would explain. This study aims to contribute to the emerging research field regarding the concept of proactive marketing. We investigated the relationship between approach to crisis as an opportunity and market performance. Based on a survey of 173 companies we demonstrated that proactive marketing can lead to better performance but larger companies have the advantage of implementing this strategy more successfully.

Turkish-American relations in the post-Cold War era, 1990-2005

This study examines the contours of Turkish-American foreign relations in the post-Cold War era from 1990 to 2005. While providing an interpretive analysis, the study highlights elements of continuity and change and of convergence and divergence in the relationship between Ankara and Washington. Turkey’s encounter with its Kurdish problem at home intertwined with the emergence of an autonomous Kurdish authority in northern Iraq after the Gulf War that left a political vacuum in the region. The main argument of this dissertation is that the Kurdish question has been the central element in shaping and redefining the nature and scope of Turkish-American relations since 1991. This study finds that systemic factors primarily prevail in the early years of the post-Cold War Turkish-American relations, as had been the case during the Cold War era. However, the Turkish parliament’s rejection of the deployment of the U.S. troops in Turkey for the invasion of Iraq in 2003 could not be explained by the primacy of distribution of capabilities in the system. Instead, the role of identity, ideology, norms, and the socialization of agency through interaction and language must be considered. The Justice and Development Party’s ascension to power in 2002 magnified a wider transformation in domestic and foreign politics and reflected changes in Turkey’s own self-perception and the definition of its core interests towards the United States.

Past, Present, and Future: The Food Service Industry and Its Changes

In the article - Past, Present, and Future: The Food Service Industry and Its Changes - by Brother Herman E. Zaccarelli, International Director, Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management Institute at Purdue University, Brother Zaccarelli initially states: “Educators play an important role in the evolution of the food service industry. The author discusses that evolution and suggests how educators can be change agents along with management in that evolutionary progression.” The author goes on to wax philosophically, as well as speak generically about the food service industry; to why it offers fascinating and rewarding careers. Additionally, he writes about the influence educators have on students in this regard. “Educators can speak about how the food service industry has benefited them both personally and professionally,” says Brother Zaccarelli. “We get excited about alerting students to the many opportunities and, in fact, serve as “salespersons” for the industry to whoever (school administrators, legislators, and peers in the educational institution) will listen.” Brother Zaccarelli also speaks to growth and changes in food service, and even more importantly about the people and faces behind everything that food service, and hospitality in general comprise. The author will have you know, that people are what drive an educator. “What makes the food service industry so great? At the heart of this question's answer is people: the people whom it serves in institutional and commercial operations of all types; the people who work within it; the people who provide the goods, services, and equipment to it; the people who study it,” says Brother Zaccarelli. “All of these groups have, of course, a vested personal and/or professional interest in seeing our industry improve.” Another concept the author would like you to absorb, and it’s even more so true today than yesterday, is the prevalence of convergence and divergence within food service. For food service and beyond, it is the common denominators and differences that make the hospitality-food service industry so dynamic and vibrant. These are the winds of change presented to an educator who wants to have a positive impact on students. The author warns that the many elements involved in the food service industry conspire to erode quality of service in an industry that is also persistently expanding, and whose cornerstone principles are underpinned by service itself. “The three concerns addressed - quality, employees, and marketing - are intimately related,” Brother Zaccarelli says in stripping-down the industry to bare essentials. He defines and addresses the issues related to each with an eye toward how education can reconcile said issues.

Towards a better understanding of flood-risk preparedness: A typological review

Preparedness has become a central component to contemporary approaches to flood risk management as there is a growing recognition that our reliance on engineered flood defences is unsustainable within the context of more extreme and unpredictable weather events. Whilst many researchers have focused their attention on exploring the key factors influencing flood-risk preparedness at the individual level, little consideration has been attributed to how we understand preparedness conceptually and practically in the first instance. This paper seeks to address this particular gap by identifying and analysing the diverse range of conceptualisations of preparedness and typologies of preparedness measures that exist within the literature in order to identify areas of convergence and divergence. In doing so, we demonstrate that a considerable degree of confusion remains in terms of how preparedness is defined, conceptualised and categorised. We conclude by reflecting on the implications this has from an academic perspective, but also in terms of the more practical aspects of flood risk management.

Constant wall heat flux boundary conditions in micro-channels filled with porous material with internal heat generation under local thermal non-equilibrium conditions

Forced convection heat transfer in a micro-channel filled with a porous material saturated with rarefied gas with internal heat generation is studied analytically in this work. The study is performed by analysing the boundary conditions for constant wall heat flux under local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) conditions. Invoking the velocity slip and temperature jump, the thermal behaviour of the porous-fluid system is studied by considering thermally and hydrodynamically fully-developed conditions. The flow inside the porous material is modelled by the Darcy–Brinkman equation. Exact solutions are obtained for both the fluid and solid temperature distributions for two primary approaches models A and B using constant wall heat flux boundary conditions. The temperature distributions and Nusselt numbers for models A and B are compared, and the limiting cases resulting in the convergence or divergence of the two models are also discussed. The effects of pertinent parameters such as fluid to solid effective thermal conductivity ratio, Biot number, Darcy number, velocity slip and temperature jump coefficients, and fluid and solid internal heat generations are also discussed. The results indicate that the Nusselt number decreases with the increase of thermal conductivity ratio for both models. This contrasts results from previous studies which for model A reported that the Nusselt number increases with the increase of thermal conductivity ratio. The Biot number and thermal conductivity ratio are found to have substantial effects on the role of temperature jump coefficient in controlling the Nusselt number for models A and B. The Nusselt numbers calculated using model A change drastically with the variation of solid internal heat generation. In contrast, the Nusselt numbers obtained for model B show a weak dependency on the variation of internal heat generation. The velocity slip coefficient has no noticeable effect on the Nusselt numbers for both models. The difference between the Nusselt numbers calculated using the two models decreases with an increase of the temperature jump coefficient.

Milestones in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering History: A Comparative Review

We present a review of the historical evolution of software engineering, intertwining it with the history of knowledge engineering because “those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” This retrospective represents a further step forward to understanding the current state of both types of engineerings; history has also positive experiences; some of them we would like to remember and to repeat. Two types of engineerings had parallel and divergent evolutions but following a similar pattern. We also define a set of milestones that represent a convergence or divergence of the software development methodologies. These milestones do not appear at the same time in software engineering and knowledge engineering, so lessons learned in one discipline can help in the evolution of the other one.

La antropología aplicada a los negocios internacionales: encuentros y desencuentros

Este artículo plantea una reflexión en torno a la aplicación de las teorías y métodos de la antropología en algunos aspectos prácticos de la administra­ción que interesan a los negocios internacionales, tales como como la cultura organizacional, la investigación de mercados y la dimensión intercultural que caracteriza a esta actividad en el ámbito global. Se exploran algunas fuentes bibliográficas y aportes de investigadores representativos que ilustran sobre el desarrollo profesional y académico y los debates que se generan en el interior de esta sub-especialidad de la antropología en la Contemporaneidad. Se con­cluye que instrumentalizar el conocimiento científico sobre el comportamiento cultural al servicio del poder corporativo plantea problemas de orden ético. 

Urban Identity and tourism:different looks, one single place

‘Urban identity’ is high on the policy agenda and pervades the discourse of the planning community on the value of historical city centres. Unfortunately, there seems to be, until today, no proposal in scholarly literature of any unified conceptual framework or any tools to make identity operational. ‘Tourism’ takes advantage of this process, by seeking the qualities of the place, its authenticity and its perceived uniqueness that is grounded on the physical features as well as on the presence of local communities – their way of living and investing in the place. The interdependence between identity as perceived by tourists (external observer) and the identity of the residents rooted in the relationship with the place (in-group) are key to addressing the identity of historic urban areas. These issues are addressed in the context of the growing attractiveness of Lisbon, Portugal, using a historic neighbourhood as a case study. The findings, which are on a set of interviews with different groups of users, showed the points of convergence and divergence between the different groups’ views of the neighbourhood’s identity. This actor-oriented approach is pivotal to understanding the process and to produce knowledge for informed action.