O peão e o acidente de trabalho na construção civil do Rio de Janeiro: elementos para uma avaliação do papel da educação nas classes trabalhadoras

This dissertation seeks to identify specifications bu which the Subsection cf Buildings c f the Civil Construction os Rio de Janeiro could be improved. It attempt to determine the factors that make construction workers both victims of accidents, as well as the cause of these accidents. It a150 seeks t o identify the means af the capitalist way that as the producer specific kind af society, creates this type af invisible of a worker. Further more, to verify the violent ar disguised ways, that lead the worker to have a guilty consclence relative to himself and to the other workers , and maklng him feel responsible even for accident - related deaths on the job. A revolting factor is that malnutrition and endemic hunger, are in large part responsible for accidents at work in the capitalist production system, ln which production relations are still primitive. Therefore, the accidents at work are a product of society, especially caused by conditions in the construction sector . This fac 19 often masked, and responsibility is put on the worker ln 77,5~ of work related accident . Under these specific working conditions the cumulative overtime hours of work and tasks make the rythm and working hours extreme and overburdensome. The large and modern firms subcantract to smoller construc~i ns firms who have more dangeraus working condictions which result in more frequent and mayor accidents. These are not computed in the statistics of the large firms and the workers of the subcontractors do not appear on the builging construction lists, and are therefore a non - existent entities. Even opressed, the workers still continue to work under these conditions mak1ng there resistence a form af struggle. The Education that intends to be transformed in to an instrument of the workers struggle, should stimulated the participation in the daily educational and political practices and try to reconstructed what the dominant knowledge has fragmented: the ptoduction of existence as an integrated whole.

Os efeitos da descontinuidade das entradas de caixa numa empresa de construção civil de grande porte

Este estudo está inserido num tópico que têm recebido muita atenção por parte da literatura financeira atualmente, principalmente porque, a partir da publicação da lei 11 .308 de 13 de julho de 2007, tomou obrigatorio a puplicação da demonstração do fluxo de caixa, em substituíçaõ da à demonstração das origens e aplicação dos recursos. O fluxo de caixa deve ser tratado como um grande instrumento gerencial que permite identificar a maneira como o dinheiro circula na empresa, ou seja identifica qual é o grau de liquidez, mostrando a posição financeira da empresa de maneira a estabelecer tendências sobre as eventuais sobras ou falta de recursos. A finalidade do fluxo de caixa realizado é mostrar como se comportaram as entradas e as saídas de recursos financeiros da empresa em detenninado penodo. O estudo cuidadoso do fluxo de caIxa realizado, além de propicIar análise de tendência, serve de base para o planejamento do fluxo projetado. O objetivo principal do estudo é fazer uma análise do volume de perdas financeiras ao longo do período compreendido entre 1996 a 2008. As perdas financeiras que nos referimos, ocorreram devido ao atraso de pagamento por parte do cliente gerando a necessidade de aumento do capital de giro, causado pela grande diferença de prazo entre o ciclo de caixa projetado (ideal) comparado ao ciclo de caixa real. O presente trabalho foi realizado em uma empresa de grande porte no setor da construção civil. O trabalho realizado foi o de comparar o ciclo de caixa planejado versus o ciclo de caixa real, determinando assim o montante de perdas financeiras que foi de R$ 48,46 milhões de reais atualizados para o final do período analisado, representando uma redução da rentabilidade em 3,26%. Palavras-chave: Fluxo de caixa. Capital de giro. Ciclo de caixa projetado. Ciclo de caixa real.

Educação popular: instrumento de fortalecimento da sociedade civil

Objetiva evidenciar a relevâlcia da escola enquanto lugar para o exercício de uma educação popular que se realiza como instrumento de fortalecimento da sociedade civil. Na medida em que o saber transmitido pela escola pode ser verdadeiro e assim eficaz, é que ela, de instrumento da classe dominante, tem a possibilidade de tornar-se um meio para a apropriação de conhecimento por parte dos dominados, o qual leve à consciência da própria dominação. A educação é compreendida aqui como parte do todo da sociedade e nela articulada completamente. A sociedade é ela mesma uma totalidade dinâmica cujo processo de desenvolvimento é uma continua superação-conservação de cada uma de suas etapas. O trabalho parte de uma análise das várias conjunturas politico-econômicas do Brasil, a partir dos anos 30, e das várias propostas pedagógicas que corresponderam a cada periodo, na intenção de explicitar as interações entre ambos. Encerra retomando a análise conjuntural dos anos 80 e identificando o desafio que se coloca para a educação hoje, ou se.ja: como a educação popular enquanto instrumento de fortalecimento da sociedade civil, pode contribuir para o processo de construção de uma ordem democrática dentro da sociedade brasileira.

Educação e mobilidade ocupacional: o caso dos trabalhadores da construção civil no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho é centrado na análise da mobilidade ocupacional dos trabalhadores diretamente ligados à produção no setor da Construção Civil no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: detecta os deslocamentos ocupacionais ocorridos inter e intrageracionalmente, procurando dimensionar seu significado, sua extensão e o papel neles desempenhado pela instrução. A pesquisa se fundamenta em dados secundários colhidos pela Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, do IBGE, questionários central e suplementar, que levantaram informações acerca da mobilidade ocupacional. O estudo principia com uma caracterização do pessoal ocupado na construção civil no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em geral e por ocupaçao, no que se refere a distribuição por nivel de escolaridade, rendimentos, naturalidade, posição na ocupaçao, duração da jornada de trabalho e tipo de moradia. Os demais capitulos são dedicados à análise dos desloca mentos ocupacionais propriamente ditos. Inicialmente são analisados os dados relativos à mobilidade intergeracional sob dois ângulos: o do destino ocupacional dos filhos de trabalhadores da construção civil e o da origem ocupacional paterna dos atuais trabalhadores da construção civil. Em seguida procede-se ao estudo da mobilidade intrageracional verificando os deslocamentos ocupacionais ocorridos em periodos distintos da economia brasileira, a qual limita e condiciona em ultima instância as possibilidades de mudança. Procedeu-se separadamente ao estudo do destino ocupacional daqueles trabalhadores que ingressaram no mercado de trabalho em ocupaçoes na construção civil e permanciam em 1973 no setor dos trabalhadores que tendo ingressado no mercado de trabalho atraves de ocupações da construção civil em 1973 tinham-nas abandonado e daqueles que tendo ingressado no mercado de trabalho em diversos setores em 1913 trabalhavam na construção civil. Para cada um desses grupos foram feitas as matrizes de mobilidade, de posição na ocupação e de instrução com o intuito de verificar a existência ou não de simultaneidade entre tipo de movimento ocupacional realizado e mudanças no tipo de inserção no mercado de trabalho e/ou melhorias no nivel de escolaridade. Finalmente procedendo ao confronto das hipóteses iniciais de trabalho com os resultados concluiu-se fundamentalmente que os trabalhadores analisados realizaram predominantemente movimentos ocupacionais ascendentes de curta extensão basicamente no interior dos grupos de ocupações manuais não ou semi-qualificadas, e que, mesmo estes movimentos estão sendo mais dificeis de realizar por aqueles que ingressaram mais recentemente no mercado de trabalho. Considerando que paralelamente a esta redução nas possibilidades de ascensão houve, ao longo do tempo, ligeira elevação no nível educacional dos trabalhadores concluiu-se que existe um certo grau de independência entre estas duas variáveis e que a relação existente entre elas ficaria bem expressa da seguinte forma: é mais fácil para quem tem mais escolaridade ascender na hierarquia interna da construção civil, mas não é necessário ter mais escolaridade para ascender nesta mesma hierarquia - entendendo-se o nível elementar como "suficiente" para o exercicio das ocupações do setor tal como está estruturado no Brasil.

Os impactos econômicos do programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida no setor de construção civil na cidade de Belém

O presente estudo aborda a questão do setor imobiliário e a sua relação com a construção civil na cidade de Belém, a partir da implementação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Objetiva-se com a pesquisa avaliar se houve mudanças no setor da construção civil em decorrência da participação do governo federal no projeto de construção de habitação popular, com a finalidade de fortalecer o setor da construção civil. Este setor teve mudanças com a presença do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, em face de se apresentar um elevado crescimento do setor imobiliário na cidade de Belém, especialmente em função das demandas de habitação que se apresentam para os segmentos pertencentes aos estratos da classe média/alta. Adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para a realização do estudo, mediante o uso de fontes informativas de empresas do setor imobiliário que atuam na cidade de Belém. Verifica-se que com a implantação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na cidade de Belém, o setor imobiliário por ter um elevado crescimento, decorrente das demandas, as empresas de construção civil continuam a expandir suas atividades para atender esse segmento social. Com isso, conclui-se que a proposta do governo para fortalecer as empresas de construção civil é atrativa para o setor construir casas populares.

Sacredness of the constitutional text and interpretative heresy: the Brazilian Supreme Court decision on same-sex civil unions

The paper provides a close lecture of the arguments and methods of legal construction, employed in the extensive individual opinions written by the Justices of the Brazilian Supreme Court in the case which authorized the same sex civil union. After tracing an outline of the legal problem and his possible solutions, we analyze the individual opinions, showing their methodological syncretism, the use of legal methods and arguments in a contradictory way as well the deficiencies in the reasoning. The Justices use legal arguments, but do not meet the requirements of rationality in the decision-making. We have a rhetorical attempt that aims to satisfy the public opinion than to offer a comprehensive and coherent solution according the normative elements of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988.

Contratação de Gerentes de Projetos: relevância da certificação PMP na Construção Civil

The goal of the study was to understand the relevance of the PMP certification – Project Management Professional in the hiring process of managers within the civil construction field. In order to achieve this goal a qualitative research with interviews in 11 companies was conducted. Common patters in the hiring process of project managers in the civil construction companies were observed. Although, opposite to what previous research had shown, in this field the PMP certification is not a required hiring criteria for project managers. According to the companies the tools and knowledge proposed by PMI institute are considered as important after managers had been hired. From evidence that the nature of the activity and the organizational structure chosen by the specific company influence in the hiring criteria and also in the success of the projects, a research agenda is suggested.

International civil society actors in Genetically Modificied Organisms as a field of struggle: a neo-gramscian study in Brazil and the United Kingdom

Since the international financial and food crisis that started in 2008, strong emphasis has been made on the importance of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) (or “transgenics”) under the claim that they could contribute to increase food productivity at a global level, as the world population is predicted to reach 9.1 billion in the year 2050 and food demand is predicted to increase by as much as 50% by 2030. GMOs are now at the forefront of the debates and struggles of different actors. Within civil society actors, it is possible to observe multiple, and sometime, conflicting roles. The role of international social movements and international NGOs in the GMO field of struggle is increasingly relevant. However, while many of these international civil society actors oppose this type of technological developments (alleging, for instance, environmental, health and even social harms), others have been reportedly cooperating with multinational corporations, retailers, and the biotechnology industry to promote GMOs. In this thesis research, I focus on analysing the role of “international civil society” in the GMO field of struggle by asking: “what are the organizing strategies of international civil society actors, such as NGOs and social movements, in GMO governance as a field of struggle?” To do so, I adopt a neo-Gramscian discourse approach based on the studies of Laclau and Mouffe. This theoretical approach affirms that in a particular hegemonic regime there are contingent alliances and forces that overpass the spheres of the state and the economy, while civil society actors can be seen as a “glue” to the way hegemony functions. Civil society is then the site where hegemony is consented, reproduced, sustained, channelled, but also where counter-hegemonic and emancipatory forces can emerge. Considering the importance of civil society actors in the construction of hegemony, I also discuss some important theories around them. The research combines, on the one hand, 36 in-depth interviews with a range of key civil society actors and scientists representing the GMO field of struggle in Brazil (19) and the UK (17), and, on the other hand, direct observations of two events: Rio+20 in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, and the first March Against Monsanto in London in 2013. A brief overview of the GMO field of struggle, from its beginning and especially focusing in the 1990s when the process of hegemonic formation became clearer, serves as the basis to map who are the main actors in this field, how resource mobilization works, how political opportunities (“historical contingencies”) are discovered and exploited, which are the main discourses (“science” and “sustainability” - articulated by “biodiversity preservation”, “food security” and “ecological agriculture”) articulated among the actors to construct a collective identity in order to attract new potential allies around “GMOs” (“nodal point”), and which are the institutions and international regulations within these processes that enable hegemony to emerge in meaningful and durable hegemonic links. This mapping indicates that that the main strategies applied by the international civil society actors are influenced by two central historical contingencies in the GMO field of struggle: 1) First Multi-stakeholder Historical Contingency; and 2) “Supposed” Hegemony Stability. These two types of historical contingency in the GMO field of struggle encompass deeper hegemonic articulations and, because of that, they induce international civil society actors to rethink the way they articulate and position themselves within the field. Therefore, depending on one of those moments, they will apply one specific strategy of discourse articulation, such as: introducing a new discourse in hegemony articulation to capture the attention of the public and of institutions; endorsing new plural demands; increasing collective visibility; facilitating material articulations; sharing a common enemy identity; or spreading new ideological elements among the actors in the field of struggle.

Desenvolvimento de cerâmica vermelha utilizando rejeitos da construção civil

The Industry of the Civil Construction has been one of the sectors that most contribute to the pollution of the environment, due to the great amount of residues generated by the construction, demolition and the extraction of raw material. As a way of minimizing the environmental impacts generated by this industry, some governmental organizations have elaborated laws and measures about the disposal of residues from the building construction (CONAMA - resolution 307). This work has as objective the reutilization of residues compound of sand, concrete, cement, red bricks and blocks of cement and mortar for the production of red ceramic, with the objective of minimizing costs and environmental impacts. The investigated samples contained 0% to 50% of residues in weight, and they were sintered at temperatures of 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C and 1150°C. After the sinterization, the samples were submitted to tests of absorption of water, linear retraction, resistance to bending, apparent porosity, specific density, XRD and SEM. Satisfactory results were obtained in all studied compositions, with the possible incorporation of up to 50% of residues in ceramic mass without great losses in the mechanical strength, giving better results to the incorporation of 30% of residues in the fabrication of ceramic parts, such as roofing tiles, bricks masonry and pierced bricks

Aproveitamento de resíduos minerais na formulação de argamassas para a construção civil

Current environmental concerns include the excessive consumption and inefficient use of non-renewable natural resources. The construction industry is considered one of the largest consumers of natural raw materials, significantly contributing to the environmental degradation of the planet. The use of calcareous quarry (RPPC) and porcelain tile polishing residues (RPP) as partial replacements of the cement in mortars is an interesting alternative to minimize the exploration of considerably large amounts of natural resources. The present study aimed at investigating the properties of fresh and hardened mortars produced using residues to replace cement. The residues used were fully characterized to determine their specific mass, unitary mass, particle size distribution and morphology, and composition. The performance of the mortars was compared to that of reference compositions, prepared without residues. A total of 18 compositions were prepared, 16 using residues and 2 reference ones. The mortars were prepared using Portland CP II F 32 cement, CH I hydrated lime, river sand and tap water. The compositions of the mortars were 1:1:6 and 1:0.5:4.5 (vol%), and water to cement ratios of 1.87 and 1.45 were used, respectively. The mortars in the fresh state were evaluated by consistency index, water retention, density of mass and incorporated air content tests. In their hardened state, the mortars were evaluated by apparent mass density, modulus of elasticity, flexural tensile strength, compressive strength and water absorption by capillarity. The mortars were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence. Finally, they were classified according to NBR 13281 standards. The mortars prepared using residues partially replacing the cement exhibited lower modulus of elasticity compared to the reference compositions, thus improving the performance in their intended use. On the downside, the water absorption by capillarity was affected by the presence of residues and both the tensile and compressive strength were reduced. However, from the overall standpoint, the replacement of cement by calcareous quarry or porcelain tile polishing residues did not result in significant changes in the properties of the mortars. Therefore, compositions containing these residues can be used in the construction industry

Estudo sobre as potencialidades de compósitos à base de gesso e fibras de coco seco para aplicação na construção civil

The use of gypsum, one of the oldest building materials for the construction industry in the country has been experiencing a significant and steady growth, due to its low cost and some of its properties that confer comparative advantage over other binder materials. Its use comprises various applications including the coating of walls and the production of internal seals and linings. Moreover, the fibers are being increasingly incorporated into arrays fragile in an attempt to improve the properties of the composite by reducing the number of cracks, the opening of the same and its propagation velocity. Other properties, depending on the function of the component material or construction, among these thermal and acoustic performances, are of great importance in the context of buildings and could be improved, that is, having better performance with this embodiment. Conduct a comparative study of physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustic composite gypsum incorporating dry coconut fiber, in the form of blanket, constituted the main objective of this work. Improving the thermal and acoustic performances of precast gypsum, used for lining and internal vertical fences of buildings, was the purpose of development of these composites. To evaluate the effect of fiber content on the properties of the composites were used to manufacture the composite layer with different thicknesses. The composites were fabricated in the form of plates with dimensions of 500x500x24mm. To facilitate the comparative study of the properties were also made with material gypsum boards only. We then determined the physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustical plaster and composites. The results indicated that the composites were significant gains in relation to thermal performance and also acoustic, in certain frequency range, increasing the thickness of the blanket. Concerning other physical-mechanical properties, the results showed that although the compressive strength was lower than for the composite did not occur after a fracture catastrophic failure. The same trend was observed with regard to resistance to bending, since the composites have not suffered sudden rupture and still continued after the load supporting point of maximum load

Sociedade civil no espaço de atuação com juventude: uma cartografia social

This report has as its objective the setting up of a social cartography, mapping and characterizing non-governmental organizations working with adolescents and young people (OSC) in the western districts of the city of Natal. Characteristics such as the profile, themes and principal activities, how the organizations fit into the public sector and their participation in social networks are observed. Thus common differences and similarities which serve as a means of indentification, take as reference the symbolic cartography of Boaventura of Sousa Santos. Since there are relatively few studies relating to civil society of Rio Grande do Norte and in particular, Natal, the starting point was the setting up of a database allowing for a general overview. Hence a panorama of the organizations could be observed: where they are located, when they were formed how they operate and their relationships with other sectors (the state, the market and civil society) in addition to basic facts and location. The principal lines of enquiry were a) the OSC which operate with the public comprising adolescents and young people and b) the OSC operating or having branches in four suburbs on the periphery of the western administrative region of the city (Felipe Camarão, Bom Pastor, Cidade Nova and Guararapes).The present report has identified the impacts of ongoing social transformation caused by the process of globalization ,by the various currently contested political projects which are as follows: the project of neoliberal globalized capitalism(hegemonic)and the project of social emancipation (contra-hegemonic),how these are seen from the local viewpoint and how they influence the profiles and operation of the cartographic organizations. The area of the OSC is a heterogenous one with political, cultural and ideological strains, characterized by its infiltration, its local/global and multicultural dimensions. As civil organizations are fundamental in the processes of transformation within society, and following the idea of social emancipation referred to by Boaventura Santos, the enquiry classified the organizations according to the afore-mentioned characteristics, establishing eight types of associations. These different types and their respective characteristics were analysed from a related perspective using the mechanisms of symbolic cartography: scale, projection and symbolisation. The theoretical references underpinning this research arise from the debate on civil society which becomes redefined as a result of the dispute involving the two afore-mentioned political projects. These demand the theoretical application of the comprehension of heterogeneity in its diversity and complexity together with the idea of social emancipation.The main authors consulted were Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Antonio Gramsci, through the texts translated by Marco Aurelio Nogueira; Carlos Nelson Coutinho and Alberto Rivera ,who supported the construction of the types of associations identified by the local reality.Finally this research enabled an understanding of the current form of social action happening in the Space of the Four Neighbourhoods (Espaço dos 4 Bairros) and how the distinct profiles analysed together with the ares of operation of the organizations define their emancipatory potencials within the following two poles: regulation/adaptation and emancipation/transformation

A política pública de segurança em Mossoró-RN: uma avaliação de processo da implantação da guarda civil (2009-2013)

The subject of public safety is part of the academic and popular discussions, due to several factors that act in society culminating in an increasing criminality. The importance of the evaluation of public policies in this context consists in a possible control tool, monitoring and necessary adjustments to the government to make the necessary changes. Given this reality, it is thought the research problem: how Mossoró (RN) city has implemented his public security policy? In general guideline of the research, we work with the following hypothesis: the own formulation of the National Policy of Public Safety there are elements that hinder the implementation of a public policy of municipal security in Mossoró. The objective of this research is to evaluate the existing security public policy in the city of Mossoró, by the elements that facilitate and/or hamper its implementation, through the actions of municipal government in the activities of the Mossoro Civil Guard (GCM). For this, a review of the implementation process was conducted, specifically its subprocesses of selection, training, and logistical or operational. Was used bibliographical research, documental primary and secondary, and field research, with conducting of interviews. It was found that with a staff of 197 guards, and with five years of creation, the actions developed by this institution refer to an early implementation of the municipal security policy. The guard has the basic pattern selection, part of function relocation and part of public tender. The formation occurs in an introductory way, however, not complete and specific, for the function performance. Its operability is limited by the number of existing effective and by the physical structure that has not matching the demand yet, which touches on the municipal budgetary reality of direct resource intended to safety. It was found the absence of a municipal plan of public security with principles, guidelines and goals that could direct the actions of the guard. It is concluded that despite of the implementation of the GCM Mossoró have not achieved, within the parameters of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness have played their actions, projects and programs, it could trigger a process of opening for construction of a municipal security policy. As well as break with the paradigm of municipal actions just meant for surveillance of public property, interaction affirmative for the prevention of violence and crime