Higgsing M2 to D2 with gravity: N=6 chiral supergravity from topologically gauged ABJM theory

We present the higgsing of three-dimensional N = 6 superconformal ABJM type theories coupled to conformal supergravity, so called topologically gauged ABJM theory, thus providing a gravitational extension of previous work on the relation between N M2 and N D2-branes. The resulting N = 6 supergravity theory appears at a chiral point similar to that of three-dimensional chiral gravity introduced recently by Li, Song and Strominger, but with the opposite sign for the Ricci scalar term in the lagrangian. We identify the supersymmetry in the broken phase as a particular linear combination of the supersymmetry and special conformal supersymmetry in the original topologically gauged ABJM theory. We also discuss the higgsing procedure in detail paying special attention to the role played by the U(1) factors in the original ABJM model and the U(1) introduced in the topological gauging.

alpha alpha scattering in halo effective field theory

We study the two-alpha-particle (alpha alpha) system in an Effective Field Theory (EFT) for halo-like systems. We propose a power Counting that incorporates the subtle interplay of strong and electromagnetic forces leading to a narrow resonance at an energy of about 0.1 MeV. We investigate the EFT expansion in detail, and compare its results with existing low-energy aa phase shifts and previously determined effective-range parameters. Good description of the data is obtained with a surprising amount of fine-tuning. This scenario can be viewed as an expansion around the limit where, when electromagnetic interactions are turned off, the (8)Be ground state is at threshold and exhibits conformal invariance. We also discuss possible extensions to systems with more than two alpha particles. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

One loop conformal invariance of the superstring in an AdS5 �� S5 background

It is proven that the pure spinor superstring in an AdS5 �� S5 background remains conformally invariant at one loop level in the sigma model perturbation theory. �� SISSA/ISAS 2003.

Conformal invariance of the pure spinor superstring in a curved background

It is shown that the pure spinor formulation of the heterotic superstring in a generic gravitational and super Yang-Mills background has vanishing one-loop beta functions. �� SISSA/ISAS 2004.

One-loop conformal invariance of the type II pure spinor superstring in a curved background

We compute the one-loop beta functions for the Type II superstring using the pure spinor formalism in a generic supergravity background. It is known that the classical pure spinor BRST symmetry puts the background fields on-shell. In this paper we show that the one-loop beta functions vanish as a consequence of the classical BRST symmetry of the action. �� SISSA 2007.

Superstring theory on AdS2 �� S2 as a coset supermanifold

We quantize the superstring on the AdS2 �� S2 background with Ramond-Ramond flux using a PSU(1,1\2)/U(1) �� U(1) sigma model with a WZ term. One-loop conformal invariance of the model is guaranteed by a general mechanism which holds for coset spaces G/H where G is Ricci-flat and H is the invariant locus of a ���4 automorphism of G. This mechanism gives conformal theories for the PSU(1,1\2) �� PSU(2\2)/SU(2) �� SU(2) and PSU(2,2\4)/SO(4,1) �� SO(5) coset spaces, suggesting our results might be useful for quantizing the superstring on AdS3 �� S3 and AdS5 �� S5 backgrounds. �� 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Hirota's solitons in the affine and the conformal affine Toda models

We use Hirota's method formulated as a recursive scheme to construct a complete set of soliton solutions for the affine Toda field theory based on an arbitrary Lie algebra. Our solutions include a new class of solitons connected with two different types of degeneracies encountered in Hirota's perturbation approach. We also derive an universal mass formula for all Hirota's solutions to the affine Toda model valid for all underlying Lie groups. Embedding of the affine Toda model in the conformal affine Toda model plays a crucial role in this analysis.

Asymptotic freedom, dimensional transmutation, and an infrared conformal fixed point for the ��-function potential in one-dimensional relativistic quantum mechanics

We consider the Schr��dinger equation for a relativistic point particle in an external one-dimensional ��-function potential. Using dimensional regularization, we investigate both bound and scattering states, and we obtain results that are consistent with the abstract mathematical theory of self-adjoint extensions of the pseudodifferential operator H=p2+m2������������������������. Interestingly, this relatively simple system is asymptotically free. In the massless limit, it undergoes dimensional transmutation and it possesses an infrared conformal fixed point. Thus it can be used to illustrate nontrivial concepts of quantum field theory in the simpler framework of relativistic quantum mechanics.

Development of a Uniform Theory of Diffraction for Scattered and Surface Electromagnetic Field Analysis on a Cylinder

Con esta tesis ���Desarrollo de una Teor��a Uniforme de la Difracci��n para el An��lisis de los Campos Electromagn��ticos Dispersados y Superficiales sobre un Cilindro��� hemos iniciado una nueva l��nea de investigaci��n que trata de responder a la siguiente pregunta: ��cu��l es la impedancia de superficie que describe una estructura de conductor el��ctrico perfecto (PEC) convexa recubierta por un material no conductor? Este tipo de estudios tienen inter��s hoy en d��a porque ayudan a predecir el campo electromagn��tico incidente, radiado o que se propaga sobre estructuras met��licas y localmente convexas que se encuentran recubiertas de alg��n material diel��ctrico, o sobre estructuras met��licas con p��rdidas, como por ejemplo se necesita en determinadas aplicaciones aeroespaciales, mar��timas o automovil��sticas. Adem��s, desde un punto de vista te��rico, la caracterizaci��n de la impedancia de superficie de una estructura PEC recubierta o no por un diel��ctrico es una generalizaci��n de varias soluciones que tratan ambos tipos de problemas por separado. En esta tesis se desarrolla una teor��a uniforme de la difracci��n (UTD) para analizar el problema can��nico del campo electromagn��tico dispersado y superficial en un cilindro circular el��ctricamente grande con una condici��n de contorno de impedancia (IBC) para frecuencias altas. Construir una soluci��n basada en UTD para este problema can��nico es crucial en el desarrollo de un m��todo UTD para el caso m��s general de una superficie arbitrariamente convexa, mediante el uso del principio de localizaci��n de los campos electromagn��ticos a altas frecuencias. Esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo a trav��s de una serie de hitos que se enumeran a continuaci��n, enfatizando las contribuciones a las que ha dado lugar. Inicialmente se realiza una revisi��n en profundidad del estado del arte de los m��todos asint��ticos con numerosas referencias. As ��, cualquier lector novel puede llegar a conocer la historia de la ��ptica geom��trica (GO) y la teor��a geom��trica de la difracci��n (GTD), que dieron lugar al desarrollo de la UTD. Despu��s, se investiga ampliamente la UTD y los trabajos m��s importantes que pueden encontrarse en la literatura. As ��, este cap��tulo, nos coloca en la posici��n de afirmar que, hasta donde nosotros conocemos, nadie ha intentado antes llevar a cabo una investigaci��n rigurosa sobre la caracterizaci��n de la impedancia de superficie de una estructura PEC recubierta por un material diel��ctrico, utilizando para ello la UTD. Primero, se desarrolla una UTD para el problema can��nico de la dispersi��n electromagn��tica de un cilindro circular el��ctricamente grande con una IBC uniforme, cuando es iluminado por una onda plana con incidencia oblicua a frecuencias altas. La soluci��n a este problema can��nico se construye a partir de una soluci��n exacta mediante una expansi��n de autofunciones de propagaci��n radial. Entonces, ��sta se convierte en una nueva expansi��n de autofunciones de propagaci��n circunferencial muy apropiada para cilindros grandes, a trav��s de la transformaci��n de Watson. De esta forma, la expresi��n del campo se reduce a una integral que se eval��a asint��ticamente, para altas frecuencias, de manera uniforme. El resultado se expresa seg��n el trazado de rayos descrito en la UTD. La soluci��n es uniforme porque tiene la importante propiedad de mantenerse continua a lo largo de la regi��n de transici��n, a ambos lados de la superficie del contorno de sombra. Fuera de la regi��n de transici��n la soluci��n se reduce al campo incidente y reflejado puramente ��pticos en la regi��n iluminada del cilindro, y al campo superficial difractado en la regi��n de sombra. Debido a la IBC el campo dispersado contiene una componente contrapolar a causa de un acoplamiento entre las ondas TEz y TMz (donde z es el eje del cilindro). Esta componente contrapolar desaparece cuando la incidencia es normal al cilindro, y tambi��n en la regi��n iluminada cuando la incidencia es oblicua donde el campo se reduce a la soluci��n de GO. La soluci��n UTD presenta una muy buena exactitud cuando se compara num��ricamente con una soluci��n de referencia exacta. A continuaci��n, se desarrolla una IBC efectiva para el c��lculo del campo electromagn��tico dispersado en un cilindro circular PEC recubierto por un diel��ctrico e iluminado por una onda plana incidiendo oblicuamente. Para ello se derivan dos impedancias de superficie en relaci��n directa con las ondas creeping y de superficie TM y TE que se excitan en un cilindro recubierto por un material no conductor. Las impedancias de superficie TM y TE est��n acopladas cuando la incidencia es oblicua, y dependen de la geometr��a del problema y de los n��meros de onda. Adem��s, se ha derivado una impedancia de superficie constante, aunque con diferente valor cuando el observador se encuentra en la zona iluminada o en la zona de sombra. Despu��s, se presenta una soluci��n UTD para el c��lculo de la dispersi��n de una onda plana con incidencia oblicua sobre un cilindro el��ctricamente grande y convexo, mediante la generalizaci��n del problema can��nico correspondiente al cilindro circular. La soluci��n asint��tica es uniforme porque se mantiene continua a lo largo de la regi��n de transici��n, en las inmediaciones del contorno de sombra, y se reduce a la soluci��n de rayos ��pticos en la zona iluminada y a la contribuci��n de las ondas de superficie dentro de la zona de sombra, lejos de la regi��n de transici��n. Cuando se usa cualquier material no conductor se excita una componente contrapolar que tiende a desaparecer cuando la incidencia es normal al cilindro y en la regi��n iluminada. Se discuten ampliamente las limitaciones de las f��rmulas para la impedancia de superficie efectiva, y se compara la soluci��n UTD con otras soluciones de referencia, donde se observa una muy buena concordancia. Y en tercer lugar, se presenta una aproximaci��n para una impedancia de superficie efectiva para el c��lculo de los campos superficiales en un cilindro circular conductor recubierto por un diel��ctrico. Se discuten las principales diferencias que existen entre un cilindro PEC recubierto por un diel��ctrico desde un punto de vista riguroso y un cilindro con una IBC. Mientras para un cilindro de impedancia se considera una impedancia de superficie constante o uniforme, para un cilindro conductor recubierto por un diel��ctrico se derivan dos impedancias de superficie. Estas impedancias de superficie est��n asociadas a los modos de ondas creeping TM y TE excitadas en un cilindro, y dependen de la posici��n y de la orientaci��n del observador y de la fuente. Con esto en mente, se deriva una soluci��n UTD con IBC para los campos superficiales teniendo en cuenta las dependencias de la impedancia de superficie. La expansi��n asint��tica se realiza, mediante la transformaci��n de Watson, sobre la representaci��n en serie de las funciones de Green correspondientes, evitando as �� calcular las derivadas de orden superior de las integrales de tipo Fock, y dando lugar a una soluci��n r��pida y precisa. En los ejemplos num��ricos realizados se observa una muy buena precisi��n cuando el cilindro y la separaci��n entre el observador y la fuente son grandes. Esta soluci��n, junto con el m��todo de los momentos (MoM), se puede aplicar para el c��lculo eficiente del acoplamiento mutuo de grandes arrays conformados de antenas de parches. Los m��todos propuestos basados en UTD para el c��lculo del campo electromagn��tico dispersado y superficial sobre un cilindro PEC recubierto de diel��ctrico con una IBC efectiva suponen un primer paso hacia la generalizaci��n de una soluci��n UTD para superficies met��licas convexas arbitrarias cubiertas por un material no conductor e iluminadas por una fuente electromagn��tica arbitraria. ABSTRACT With this thesis ���Development of a Uniform Theory of Diffraction for Scattered and Surface Electromagnetic Field Analysis on a Cylinder��� we have initiated a line of investigation whose goal is to answer the following question: what is the surface impedance which describes a perfect electric conductor (PEC) convex structure covered by a material coating? These studies are of current and future interest for predicting the electromagnetic (EM) fields incident, radiating or propagating on locally smooth convex parts of highly metallic structures with a material coating, or by a lossy metallic surfaces, as for example in aerospace, maritime and automotive applications. Moreover, from a theoretical point of view, the surface impedance characterization of PEC surfaces with or without a material coating represents a generalization of independent solutions for both type of problems. A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) is developed in this thesis for analyzing the canonical problem of EM scattered and surface field by an electrically large circular cylinder with an impedance boundary condition (IBC) in the high frequency regime, by means of a surface impedance characterization. The construction of a UTD solution for this canonical problem is crucial for the development of the corresponding UTD solution for the more general case of an arbitrary smooth convex surface, via the principle of the localization of high frequency EM fields. The development of the present doctoral thesis has been carried out through a series of landmarks that are enumerated as follows, emphasizing the main contributions that this work has given rise to. Initially, a profound revision is made in the state of art of asymptotic methods where numerous references are given. Thus, any reader may know the history of geometrical optics (GO) and geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), which led to the development of UTD. Then, the UTD is deeply investigated and the main studies which are found in the literature are shown. This chapter situates us in the position to state that, as far as we know, nobody has attempted before to perform a rigorous research about the surface impedance characterization for material-coated PEC convex structures via UTD. First, a UTD solution is developed for the canonical problem of the EM scattering by an electrically large circular cylinder with a uniform IBC, when it is illuminated by an obliquely incident high frequency plane wave. A solution to this canonical problem is first constructed in terms of an exact formulation involving a radially propagating eigenfunction expansion. The latter is converted into a circumferentially propagating eigenfunction expansion suited for large cylinders, via the Watson transformation, which is expressed as an integral that is subsequently evaluated asymptotically, for high frequencies, in a uniform manner. The resulting solution is then expressed in the desired UTD ray form. This solution is uniform in the sense that it has the important property that it remains continuous across the transition region on either side of the surface shadow boundary. Outside the shadow boundary transition region it recovers the purely ray optical incident and reflected ray fields on the deep lit side of the shadow boundary and to the modal surface diffracted ray fields on the deep shadow side. The scattered field is seen to have a cross-polarized component due to the coupling between the TEz and TMz waves (where z is the cylinder axis) resulting from the IBC. Such cross-polarization vanishes for normal incidence on the cylinder, and also in the deep lit region for oblique incidence where it properly reduces to the GO or ray optical solution. This UTD solution is shown to be very accurate by a numerical comparison with an exact reference solution. Then, an effective IBC is developed for the EM scattered field on a coated PEC circular cylinder illuminated by an obliquely incident plane wave. Two surface impedances are derived in a direct relation with the TM and TE surface and creeping wave modes excited on a coated cylinder. The TM and TE surface impedances are coupled at oblique incidence, and depend on the geometry of the problem and the wave numbers. Nevertheless, a constant surface impedance is found, although with a different value when the observation point lays in the lit or in the shadow region. Then, a UTD solution for the scattering of an obliquely incident plane wave on an electrically large smooth convex coated PEC cylinder is introduced, via a generalization of the canonical circular cylinder problem. The asymptotic solution is uniform because it remains continuous across the transition region, in the vicinity of the shadow boundary, and it recovers the ray optical solution in the deep lit region and the creeping wave formulation within the deep shadow region. When a coating is present a cross-polar field term is excited, which vanishes at normal incidence and in the deep lit region. The limitations of the effective surface impedance formulas are discussed, and the UTD solution is compared with some reference solutions where a very good agreement is met. And in third place, an effective surface impedance approach is introduced for determining surface fields on an electrically large coated metallic circular cylinder. Differences in analysis of rigorouslytreated coated metallic cylinders and cylinders with an IBC are discussed. While for the impedance cylinder case a single constant or uniform surface impedance is considered, for the coated metallic cylinder case two surface impedances are derived. These are associated with the TM and TE creeping wave modes excited on a cylinder and depend on observation and source positions and orientations. With this in mind, a UTD based method with IBC is derived for the surface fields by taking into account the surface impedance variation. The asymptotic expansion is performed, via the Watson transformation, over the appropriate series representation of the Green���s functions, thus avoiding higher-order derivatives of Fock-type integrals, and yielding a fast and an accurate solution. Numerical examples reveal a very good accuracy for large cylinders when the separation between the observation and the source point is large. Thus, this solution could be efficiently applied in mutual coupling analysis, along with the method of moments (MoM), of large conformal microstrip array antennas. The proposed UTD methods for scattered and surface EM field analysis on a coated PEC cylinder with an effective IBC are considered the first steps toward the generalization of a UTD solution for large arbitrarily convex smooth metallic surfaces covered by a material coating and illuminated by an arbitrary EM source.

A bizonyoss��gf��ggv��nyek elm��let��nek alkalmaz��sa a p��nz��gyi kimutat��sok ellen��rz��s��ben (The application of the theory of belief functions in the audit of financial statements)

A k��nyvvizsg��lati kock��zat a t��ves auditjelent��s kiad��s��nak kock��zata olyan esetekben, amikor a besz��mol�� l��nyeges hib��s ��ll��t��st tartalmaz. Ez a kock��zat indirekt m��don a hitelint��zetek ��s p��nz��gyi v��llalkoz��sok m��k��d��s��ben is megjelenik azokban az esetekben, amikor a l��nyeges hib��s ��ll��t��st a finansz��rozott v��llalkoz��s audit��lt besz��mol��ja tartalmazza, amelynek az alapj��n finansz��roz��si d��nt��st hoznak, vagy a finansz��roz��s folytat��s��r��l a besz��mol��ban szerepl��, hib��s inform��ci��kb��l sz��m��tott hitelkoven��nsok alapj��n d��ntenek. A k��nyvvizsg��lat kock��zat��ban a vizsg��lt gazd��lkod�� ��zleti kock��zatai t��kr��z��dnek vissza, ez��rt a kock��zat felm��r��se ��s az ellen��rz��s ennek alapj��n val�� megtervez��se, majd v��grehajt��sa kulcsfontoss��g��. Jelen tanulm��ny ��� kapcsol��dva a Hitelint��zeti Szemle 2011. ��vi 4. sz��m��hoz ��� szint��n a kock��zat ��s bizonytalans��g t��mak��r��t t��rgyalja, pontosabban ennek egy gyakorlati vet��let��t: a bizonyoss��gf��ggv��nyek (belief functions) alkalmaz��s��t a k��nyvvizsg��latban; mindezt a teljess��g ��s a tank��nyvszer�� rendszerfel��p��t��s ig��nye n��lk��l. A m��dszer ugyanis haz��nkban szinte ismeretlen, nemzetk��zi viszonylatban viszont empirikus kutat��sban is r��mutattak m��r az alkalmaz��s lehets��ges el��nyeire a hagyom��nyos val��sz��n��s��gelm��leten alapul�� sz��mszer�� kock��zatbecsl��sekkel szemben. Eszerint a bizonyoss��gf��ggv��nyek jobban reprezent��lj��k a k��nyvvizsg��l��knak a kock��zatr��l alkotott k��p��t, mint a val��sz��n��s��gek, mert ��� szemben a hagyom��nyos modellel ��� nem k��t, hanem h��rom ��llapotot kezelnek: a pozit��v bizony��t��k l��tez��s��t, a negat��v bizony��t��k l��tez��s��t ��s a bizony��t��k hi��ny��nak eset��t. _______ Audit risk is the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the fi nancial statements are materially misstated. This kind of risk indirectly appears in the fi nancial statements of fi nancial institutions, when the material misstatement is in the fi nanced entity���s statements that serve as a basis for lending decisions or when the decision is made based upon credit covenants calculated from misstated information. The risks of the audit process refl ect the business risks of the auditee, so the assessment of risks, and further the planning and performance of the audit based on it is of key importance. The current study ��� connecting to No 4 2011 of Hitelint��zeti Szemle ��� also discusses the topic of risk and uncertainty, or to be more precise a practical implementation of the aforementioned: the application of belief functions in the fi eld of external audit. All this without the aim of achieving completeness or textbook-like scrutiny in building up the theory. While the formalism is virtually unknown in Hungary, on the international scene empirical studies pointed out the possible advantages of the application of the method in contrast to risk assessments based on the traditional theory of probability. Accordingly, belief functions provide a better representation of auditors��� perception of risk, as in contrast to the traditional model, belief functions deal with three rather than two states: the existence of supportive evidence, that of negative evidence and the lack of evidence.

Problems in number theory and hyperbolic geometry

In the ���rst part of this thesis we generalize a theorem of Kiming and Olsson concerning the existence of Ramanujan-type congruences for a class of eta quotients. Speci���cally, we consider a class of generating functions analogous to the generating function of the partition function and establish a bound on the primes ��� for which their coefficients c(n) obey congruences of the form c(���n + a) ��� 0 (mod ���). We use this last result to answer a question of H.C. Chan. In the second part of this thesis [S2] we explore a natural analog of D. Calegari���s result that there are no hyperbolic once-punctured torus bundles over S^1 with trace ���eld having a real place. We prove a contrasting theorem showing the existence of several in���nite families of pairs (�����, p) such that there exist hyperbolic surface bundles over S^1 with trace ���eld of having a real place and with ���ber having p punctures and Euler characteristic ��. This supports our conjecture that with ���nitely many known exceptions there exist such examples for each pair ( �����, p).

Feminist Disability Theory: Domestic Violence Against Women with a Disability

Women with a disability continue to experience social oppression and domestic violence as a consequence of gender and disability dimensions. Current explanations of domestic violence and disability inadequately explain several features that lead women who have a disability to experience violent situations. This article incorporates both disability and material feminist theory as an alternative explanation to the dominant approaches (psychological and sociological traditions) of conceptualising domestic violence. This paper is informed by a study which was concerned with examining the nature and perceptions of violence against women with a physical impairment. The emerging analytical framework integrating material feminist interpretations and disability theory provided a basis for exploring gender and disability dimensions. Insight was also provided by the women who identified as having a disability in the study and who explained domestic violence in terms of a gendered and disabling experience. The article argues that material feminist interpretations and disability theory, with their emphasis on gender relations, disablism and poverty, should be used as an alternative tool for exploring the nature and consequences of violence against women with a disability.