Socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection in HIV-1-explosed but uninfected individuals, and in HIV-1-infected patients from a southern brasilian population

The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.

Intestinal parasitism and socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani indians, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Disturbing data reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians. The prevalence was determined by spontaneous sedimentation in water, centrifugation-floatation, and Kato-Katz. A socioeconomic questionnaire was submitted to each family. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 88.7%, and 45.5% were polyparasitized. There was 90.5% prevalence of enteric parasites in children (1-12- year-old), and 85% among 13-65-year-old individuals, indicating that both age groups are extensively parasitized. The parasite load was low to moderate for geohelminths and 75% of the families did not have latrine, thus the practice of defecation occurred outdoors. These findings suggest that the multiple intestinal parasitism in the Mbyá-Guarani community is high to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to the traditional lifestyle and health habits. It is urgently necessary to implement the association of anti-parasitic treatment with sanitation improvement. This should be done simultaneously with health education activities for this population.

Tentativa de construção de um modelo (teórico) para análises socio-antropológicas em literatura oral, popular e tradicional

Antes de tudo terei que referir o que qu ero dizer com modelo sacio-antropológico, sobretudo qu e é um modelo. Definir modelo é muito difícil poi s pode significar muita co isa: aquilo que serve ou deve servir de obj ecto de imitação para fazer ou reproduzir qualquer coi sa ; pode, ainda, ser um cânon, um ensaio de explicação da chamada estrutura, poi s vivemos num mundo de es truturas organizadas com as qu ai s construímos e apercebemos es te mesmo mundo. Na investigação da dita realidade soc ia l, passamos desta para o modelo e vice -versa . Este contínuo vai-vem nun ca deve ser interrompido. O modelo imita e representa, mas nun ca co nstitui, um elemento de controlo da investigação , é um instrumento de comparação e, ainda, pode significar uma forma de verificação da so lidez e da própria vida de uma dada es trutura. Em Hi stória, por exemplo, Braudel afirma que pode se r hipóteses de explicação so lidamente vinculado, segundo a forma de equação ou da função. Daí o facto de os modelos poderem ser considerados como si stemas de explicação, variando até o infi nito : simples ou complexos, físicos ou abstrac tos, qualitativos ou quantitativos, estatísticos ou dinâmi co s, mecâni cos ou estatísticos.

A desflorestação em Cabinda: causas e consequências socio-ambientais

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento de requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território – área Ambiente e Recursos Naturais

International News Reporting in the Multidimensional Network: The socio-demographics, professional culture and newswork of foreign correspondents working across Sub-Saharan Africa

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Media Digitais

A mobilidade automóvel em Portugal. A construção do sistema socio-técnico, 1920-1950

Dissertação realizada em co-tutela para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em História, Filosofia e Património da Ciência e da Tecnologia(na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) e em História Cultural(na Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris 3, École doctorale 267 - Arts & Médias; Centre de Recherches sur le Lien Social

Socio-ethnic segregation and sustainable urban city planning in Lisbon

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ecologia Humana e Problemas Sociais Contemporâneos

Contributos para a análise espacial em sistemas de informação geográfica da vulnerabilidade socio-territorial no município de Humpata (Angola)

A pesquisa tem como objectivo contribuir para a discussão do conceito de vulnerabilidade socio-territorial em países em desenvolvimento e dar contributos de análise espacial para a construção de um modelo geográfico de vulnerabilidade socio-territorial, tendo como estudo caso o município de Humpata-Angola. A metodologia recorreu a vários instrumentos, nomeadamente organização bibliográfica e documental, discussão do conceito de vulnerabilidade socio-territorial e outros complementares, recolha de informação diversa, através de levantamentos urbanísticos, realização de inquéritos aos chefes de famílias (usando indicadores de domínios social, económico e territorial) e de entrevistas aos governantes ou representantes da Administração Municipal. Foram tomadas as coordenadas dos equipamentos sociais (Saúde e Educação) e todos os dados recolhidos inseridos numa Geodatabase e, com recurso aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (análise espacial), foi possível a construção de um modelo de vulnerabilidade socio-territorial para o município de Humpata. O modelo representa um contributo para o futuro ordenamento do município, permitindo uma melhor visão geográfica das áreas mais carenciadas e das áreas melhor equipadas, constituindo um instrumento de apoio a tomada de decisão em políticas públicas, procurando assegurar em simultâneo melhor distribuição dos recursos e beneficiação das condições de vida das comunidades.

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers and socio-demographic risk factors in HIV-infected patients in Southern Brazil

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are two of the world's most important infectious diseases. Our objective was to determine the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) prevalences among adult HIV-infected patients and identify the associations between socio-demographic variables and these HBV infection markers.MethodsThis study was performed from October 2012 to March 2013. Three hundred HIV-seropositive patients were monitored by the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The blood tests included HBsAg, anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM) and total anti-HBc. Patients reported their HIV viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts using a questionnaire designed to collect sociodemographic data.ResultsThe mean patient age was 44.6 years, the mean CD4 T-cell count was 525/mm3, the mean time since beginning antiretroviral therapy was 7.6 years, and the mean time since HIV diagnosis was 9.6 years. The overall prevalences of HBsAg and total anti-HBc were 2.3% and 29.3%, respectively. Among the individuals analyzed, 0.3% were positive for HBsAg, 27.3% were positive for total anti-HBc, and 2.0% were positive either for HBsAg or total anti-HBc and were classified as chronically HBV-infected. Furthermore, 70.3% of the patients were classified as never having been infected. Male gender, age >40 years and Caucasian ethnicity were associated with an anti-HBc positive test.ConclusionsThe results showed an intermediate prevalence of HBsAg among the studied patients. Moreover, the associations between the anti-HBc marker and socio-demographic factors suggest a need for HBV immunization among these HIV-positive individuals, who are likely to have HIV/HBV coinfection.

Emergent and re-emergent parasites in HIV-infected children: immunological and socio-environmental conditions that are involved in the transmission of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Emergent and re-emergent waterborne protozoans have become a worldwide public health problem, especially among vulnerable groups. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 17 HIV-infected children and their families. RESULTS: A high (76.5%) percentage of parasite-infected children was observed, even among children with CD4+ T-cell counts of >200 cells/mm3. Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp. were observed in 41.2% of these children Low income, poor hygiene practices, and co-infection in domestic, peridomestic and scholastic environments were significant sources of these intestinal infections. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and socio-educational interventions may improve the health conditions of this vulnerable population.

Socio-demographic correlates of physical activity of European adults: A cross-sectional study from the European Social Survey

ABSTRACT - Background: From a public health perspective, the study of socio-demographic factors related to physical activity is important in order to identify subgroups for intervention programs. Purpose: This study also aimed to identify the prevalence and the socio-demographic correlates related with the achievement of recommended physical activity levels. Methods: Using data from the European Social Survey round 6, physical activity and socio-demographic characteristics were collected from 39278 European adults (18271 men, 21006 women), aged 18-64 years, from 28 countries in 2012. Meeting physical activity guidelines was assessed using World Health Organization criteria. Results: 64.50% (63.36% men, 66.49% women) attained physical activity recommended levels. The likelihood of attaining physical activity recommendations was higher in age group of 55-64 years (men: OR=1.22, p<0.05; women: OR=1.66, p<0.001), among those who had completed high school (men: OR=1.28, p<0.01; women: OR=1.26, p<0.05), among those who lived in rural areas (men: OR=1.20, p<0.001; women: OR=1.10, p<0.05), and among those who had 3 or more people living at home (men: OR=1.40, p<0.001; women: OR=1.43, p<0.001). On the other hand, attaining physical activity recommendations was negatively associated with being unemployed (men: OR=0.70, p<0.001; women: OR=0.87, p<0.05), being a student (men: OR=0.56, p<0.001; women: OR=0.64, p<0.01), being a retired person (men: OR=0.86, p<0.05) and with having a higher household income (OR=0.80, p<0.001; women: OR=0.81, p<0.01). Conclusion: This research helped clarify that, as the promotion of physical activity is critical to sustain health and prevent disease, socio-demographic factors are important to consider when planning the increase of physical activity.

O Estado Novo e a vila do Seixal (1926-1961): um percurso político e socio-económico do concelho durante a ditadura

Esta dissertação de Mestrado tem como objectivo analisar a evolução política, económica e social do concelho do Seixal (localizado no Distrito de Setúbal) durante o período entre 1926 (implantação da Ditadura Militar) e o início dos Anos 60 (início das Guerra Colonial Portuguesa), atendendo a questões principais como a dinâmica do funcionamento regime do Estado Novo português dentro do concelho, o desenvolvimento económico deste (concedendo destaque ao facto da posição do Seixal como concelho industrial) e os focos de oposição política ao regime presentes. A escolha do tema deve-se ao interesse de auxiliar a contribuição para o desenvolvimento da História Local/Regional e a defesa da memória histórica das chamadas regiões “periféricas” do país.

Postpartum depression in Recife - Brazil: prevalence and association with bio-socio-demographic factors

OBJECTIVE:To use a semi-structured interview to detect depression in postpartum women according to the criteria proposed by the DSM in child health care clinics in the city of Recife, together with the proper association of this disorder to bio-socio-demographic data. METHODS: The study used a cross-section method and contained a convenience sample of 400 women that were between 2 and 26 weeks of postpartum in child health care clinics. A bio-socio-demographic questionnaire and the Portuguese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders were used. RESULTS: Twenty nine of the mothers (7.2%) were diagnosed as suffering from postpartum depression. Women with a past history of psychiatric disorders, a family history of psychiatric disorder and some sort of clinical complication presented a higher prevalence of depression. The same happened to those with a past history of spontaneous abortion, those who had a transpelvic birth and those over 8 weeks of puerperium. CONCLUSION: The rate of postpartum depression in this sample, 7.2%, was lower than that reported by other Brazilian studies. It probably occurred because the other researchers used screening scales to assess this estimate instead of a clinical interview.

Una estrategia integral y definición de políticas socio habitacionales, a partir de los códigos de valores, derechos y necesidades de la población que habita en Villas de Emergencia de la Ciudad de Córdoba (Red Pictor)

La pobreza y exclusión social en que se encuentran las familias o individuos que habitan en situación de emergencia social y habitacional en la ciudad de Córdoba, generan pautas de apropiación y construcción de hábitat diferentes al resto de la población. El presente proyecto propone elaborar una estrategia integral de desarrollo e inclusión social y urbana, y definir políticas públicas que puedan dar respuesta al problema socio-habitacional de los sectores de villas de emergencia de la ciudad de Córdoba teniendo en cuenta valores y pautas de la población. Bajo este marco contextual, a través del desarrollo del presente proyecto de investigación aplicada, se busca abordar explícitamente el factor socio-habitacional y su incidencia en los procesos de exclusión de sectores de la población que no acceden a los derechos a la ciudad y que llevan a niveles de tensión social y violencia creciente. Cuando nos referimos al “no acceso” a los derechos a la ciudad, nos referimos al no acceso a beneficios básicos de infraestructura, de servicios de salud y educación de calidad, entre otros. En términos específicos, plantea abordar la dificultad que existe para el desarrollo de políticas y proyectos sectoriales socio-habitacionales para el sector de villas de emergencia que tengan en cuenta los valores, potencialidades y recursos de la población y los actores involucrados en dicha problemática, elaborando una estrategia integral para definir políticas públicas.

La educación superior en la Provincia de Córdoba. El caso de los Institutos Superiores de Formación Técnico Profesional y su contribución al desarrollo socio-económico

El estudio y análisis reflexivo del sistema educativo y en especial, del nivel superior que se desarrolla en instituciones no pertenecientes a la universidad en el acontecer de un proceso de desarrollo humano mundial, regional y local y en el marco de los nuevos órdenes e incertidumbres por los cambios a que asistimos permanentemente en la sociedad actual, lleva a plantearnos la centralidad de la educación y la contribución que ésta realiza atendiendo las demandas/necesidades socioeconómicas del entorno socio-productivo. El presente trabajo de investigación se propone estudiar la realidad de los Institutos Superiores, que si bien, no están insertos en el ámbito de la universidad, pertenecen al mismo nivel de formación. Nos referimos específicamente a las instituciones de Formación Técnica Profesional de gestión pública (estatales y privados) existentes en la Provincia de Córdoba. Este estudio busca describir la situación institucional, analizar experiencias innovadoras respecto de su aporte al desarrollo socio-económico de la región y al mismo tiempo proponer alternativas superadoras ante la crisis en la cual está inserto el sistema, a la vez que, abrirá posibilidades de concretar otras investigaciones. La convicción que nos moviliza es que, este trabajo puede brindarnos elementos para reorientar la transformación del subsistema ligado a las políticas de desarrollo socio-económico de la región y del país, aumentar el grado de familiaridad con el tema mencionado y abrir interrogantes para futuras investigaciones, en esta tarea de construir una educación de calidad con equidad para todos y entre todos.