A escolha do direito aplicável ao mérito do litígio na arbitragem comercial internacional

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Contratos e da Empresa

Desembarque e esforço de pesca da frota pesqueira comercial de Manicoré (Médio Rio Madeira), Amazonas, Brasil

A adequação das estratégias do pescador à sazonalidade existente na Amazônia atesta o nível de conhecimento tradicional em relação à ecologia dos peixes e às variações da pesca nesse ambiente, como ocorre em outras regiões do Brasil. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a utilização dos ambientes de captura e a distribuição do esforço de pesca pela frota comercial em função do ciclo hidrológico. Foram coletados diariamente, entre junho de 2003 e maio de 2004, dados de desembarque e das expedições de pesca que ocorreram na região do Médio rio Madeira e submetidos à estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram que existiu uma tendência de aumento no esforço de pesca durante o período da enchente pelas embarcações da frota local, para compensar a queda na produção capturada. Os barcos de pesca e canoas motorizadas apresentaram valores médios de CPUE de 22,9 e 20,6 kg/pescador*dia, respectivamente. Ficou evidenciada também a maior utilização dos ambientes igarapés e lagos pelos pescadores de canoas motorizadas e do rio pelos pescadores dos barcos.

Analysis and selection of indicators for a sustainability assessment method for school buildings based on SBTool ‐ PT

Nowadays, the sustainability of buildings has an extreme importance. This concept goes towards the European aims of the Program Horizon 2020, which concerns about the reduction of the environmental impacts through such aspects as the energy efficiency and renewable technologies, among others. Sustainability is an extremely broad concept but, in this work, it is intended to include the concept of sustainability in buildings. Within the concept that aims the integration of environmental, social and economic levels towards the preservation of the planet and the integrity of the users, there are, currently, several types of tools of environmental certification that are applicable to the construction industry (LEED, BREEAM, DGNB, SBTool, among others). Within this context, it is highlighted the tool SBTool (Sustainable Building Tool) that is employed in several countries and can be subject to review in institutions of basic education, which are the base for the formation of the critical masses and for the development of a country. The main aim of this research is to select indicators that can be used in a methodology for sustainability assessment (SBTool) of school buildings in Portugal and in Brazil. In order to achieve it, it will also be analyzed other methodologies that already incorporate parameters directly related with the schools environment, such as BREEAM or LEED.

Analysis of portuguese residential buildings’ needs and proposed solutions

The Portuguese housing sector experienced a significant growth throughout the 20th century, particularly in the last quarter, after the democratic revolution in 1974. In fact, the number of buildings built between 1970 and 1990 is more than one third of the buildings actually existing in Portugal. Therefore most of them were built before the publication of the first regulation concerning the energy efficiency in buildings. Regarding this scenario, it would be expected that rehabilitation activities would represent most of the current construction activities. However, given some remaining barriers from old social policies, this situation is not observed; actually building retrofitting is the least significant sector, accentuating the degradation level of major part of the Portuguese housing stock. Several studies show that the main problems are found in the buildings envelope elements, such as roofs and façades. Based on this context, the aim of this paper is to introduce some examples of building retrofitting systems that, adapted to the Portuguese main needs and requirements may represent sustainable solutions to overcome the identified needs of Portuguese buildings' envelope.

The importance of the category of consciousness and education for sustainability in methodologies for eco‐efficiency in school buildings

This document reports the importance of the category of consciousness and education for sustainability in the school environment. Education in school has a potential to make the benefits of the building construction visible for society and media, showing to the students, parents and communities how sustainability in built environment could improve the people life in economic, social and environment aspects. Thus, this paper addresses the main events related to sustainability, such as the Stockholm Conference, the Brundtland report, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and Agenda 21, until reaching the necessity of the elaboration of Methodologies for environmental assessment of building, and later, the development of the specific methodologies according to the buildings. It is also described some examples of sustainability in schools in Germany, Finland and Italy and what kind of sustainable systems those countries are currently using.

Improving buildings energy performance: comparison between simple payback period and life cycle costs analysis

The building sector is one of the Europeâ s main energy consumer, making buildings an important target for a wiser energy use, improving indoor comfort conditions and reducing the energy consumption. To achieve the European Union targets for energy consumption and carbon reductions it is crucial to act in new, but also in existing buildings, which constitute the majority of the building stock. In existing buildings, the significant improvement of their efficiency requires important investments. Therefore, costs are a major concern in the decision making process and the analysis of the cost effectiveness of the interventions is an important path in the guidance for the selection of the different renovation scenarios. The Portuguese thermal legislation considers the simple payback method for the calculations of the time for the return of the investment. However, this method does not take into consideration inflation, cash flows and cost of capital, as well as the future costs of energy and the building elements lifetime as it happens in a life cycle cost analysis. In order to understand the impact of the economic analysis method used in the choice of the renovation measures, a case study has been analysed using simple payback calculations and life cycle costs analysis. Overall results show that less far-reaching renovation measures are indicated when using the simple payback calculations which may be leading to solutions less cost-effective in a long run perspective.

Validade comercial e aceitabilidade da carne de tartaruga-da-amazônia (P.expansa)

Esse experimento foi elaborado em parceria com o CENAQUA (Centro Nacional de Quelônios do Amazonas) e a Pró-Fauna (localizada em Iguape - SP) objetivando o estudo da validade comercial e a aceitabilidade da carne de tartaruga-da-amazônia criada em cativeiro. Foi avaliado o efeito do tempo de estocagem de amostras de carne de 14 tartarugas (7 fêmeas e 7 machos) nos dias 01, 30, 60 e 120, estocadas a -10 ºC, nos valores de pH e de Bases Voláteis Totais (BVT), cor, textura, odor e prova de cocção. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os valores de pH em relação ao tempo de estocagem nos dias 01 (5,81 e 5,81), 30 (6,04 e 6,05), 60 (6,22 e 6,23) e 120 (6,30 e 6,30), respectivamente para a carne das fêmeas e machos. Entre os sexos não houve diferença significativa. Quanto a BVT o tempo de estocagem influenciou significativamente entre os dias 01 (11,34 e 11,74 g/100g), 30 (13,92 e 13,90 g/100g) e 120 (17,62 e 17,82 g/100g); entre os dias 30 (13,92 e 13,90 g/100g) e 60 (14,02 e 14,06 g/100g) não observou-se diferença significativa, respectivamente para a carne de fêmeas e machos. Entre os sexos não ocorreu diferenças significativas. A cor, textura, odor e a prova de cocção não apresentaram alteração ao longo do tempo de estocagem. A carne de tartaruga obteve media de aceitabilidade global de 7,04. De acordo com os resultados obtidos concluímos que, pelas provas de pH e BVT, a carne de tartaruga pode ter uma validade comercial de 120 dias, quando embaladas a vácuo e estocadas a -10 ºC, e que a os provadores gostaram muito desse tipo de carne.

A pesca comercial na bacia do rio Madeira no estado de Rondônia, Amazônia brasileira

Este estudo caracteriza quali e quantitativamente a atividade pesqueira comercial na bacia do rio Madeira, afluente do rio Amazonas, no trecho entre Guajará-Mirim e Porto Velho, estado de Rondônia. No período de janeiro a dezembro/2004, foram registrados 460 t, correspondendo 935 viagens. A análise dos dados oriundos do monitoramento dos desembarques demonstrou que a pesca na região tem caráter artesanal de pequena escala, destacando a maior participação das canoas motorizadas (131 unidades) do que barcos pesqueiros (45 unidades; capacidade média: 3.000kg) na frota pesqueira. Os peixes migradores jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp.), dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), sardinha (Triportheus spp.), jatuarana/matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus e B. cephalus), curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans) e filhote (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) se destacaram na composição das espécies desembarcadas. As informações técnicas geradas são importantes para subsidiar ações de ordenamento pesqueiro, bem como para avaliar futuras variações que possam ocorrer na atividade frente aos impactos dos empreendimentos hidrelétricos em construção na região.

Reducing seismic vulnerablity: Retrofitting historic buildings

The value of preserving historic buildings is increasingly accepted by society, which not only recognizes built cultural heritage as a part of its identity but is also more cognizant of its economic value. In Europe, for example, tourism accounts for 10 percent of the GDP in the EU and 12 percent of employment.1 Built cultural heritage is a fundamental element of what draws tourists to European destinations. To a great extent, the value of historic buildings rests in the integrity of their components as unique products of the technology of their time and place. Unfortunately, cultural heritage buildings are particularly vulnerable to disasters, for a variety of reasons. They are often damaged or in a state of deterioration; they were built with materials with low resistance; they are heavy; and the connections among their various structural components are frequently insufficient. The main causes of damage are lack of maintenance, water-induced deterioration (from rain or rising damp), soil settlement, and extreme events such as earthquakes. Earthquakes have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths in the last decade, in addition to the tremendous losses in built cultural heritage.

Experimental and numerical studies of hybrid PCM embedded in plastering mortar for enhanced thermal behaviour of buildings

This paper proposes a methodology for improvement of energy efficiency in buildings through the innovative simultaneous incorporation of three distinct phase change materials (here termed as hybrid PCM) in plastering mortars for façade walls. The thermal performance of a hybrid PCM mortar was experimentally evaluated by comparing the behaviour of a prototype test cell (including hybrid PCM plastering mortar) subjected to realistic daily temperature profiles, with the behaviour of a similar prototype test cell, in which no PCM was added. A numerical simulation model was employed (using ANSYS-FLUENT) to validate the capacity of simulating temperature evolution within the prototype containing hybrid PCM, as well as to understand the contribution of hybrid PCM to energy efficiency. Incorporation of hybrid PCM into plastering mortars was found to have the potential to significantly reduce heating/cooling temperature demands for maintaining the interior temperature within comfort levels when compared to normal mortars (without PCM), or even mortars comprising a single type of PCM.

Smart interior design of buildings and its relationship to land use

Architectural design is often associated with aesthetics and style, but it is also very important to building performance and sustainability. There are some studies associating architectural design to the choice for materials from sustainable sources, to indoor air quality, to energy efficiency and productivity. This article takes a step further to analyse how the use of efficient interior design techniques can impact the habitable space in order to improve building sustainability in land use. Smart interior design, a current trend related to the use of efficient and flexible furniture and movable walls in tiny or compact apartments, is analysed. A building with a standard design is used as a case study reference building and compared to a proposed theoretical design alternative using smart interior design techniques. In order to correctly assess sustainability performance, a quantifiable and verified method is used. Results showed that the use of smart interior design techniques can greatly reduce buildingsâ impact on the environment.

Study of the of the concept of community buildings and its importance for land use efficiency

Nowadays cities are facing several environmental problems due to the population migration to urban areas, which is causing urban sprawl. This way, it is very important to define solutions to improve Land Use Efficiency (LUE). This article proposes the use of community buildings features as a solution to increase land use efficiency. Community buildings consider the design of shared building spaces to reduce the floor area of buildings. This work tests the performance of some case-study buildings regarding LUE to analyse its possible pros and cons. A quantifiable method is used to assess buildingsâ LUE, which considers the number of occupants, the gross floor area, the functional area, the implantation area and the allotment area. Buildings with higher values for this index have reduced environmental impacts because they use less construction materials, produce less construction and demolition wastes and require less energy for building operation. The results showed that the use of community building features can increase Land Use Efficiency of buildings.

Seismic behavior of concrete block masonry buildings

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil

Análise estrutural e dimensionamento de estruturas de membrana

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Compatibilidade do contrato de concessão comercial com as regras de defesa da concorrência

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Contratos e da Empresa