Influência da densidade básica da madeira de clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla na qualidade da polpa branqueada.

The study analyzed the wood basic density effect in two Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid clones (440 kg/m(3) e 508 kg/m(3)) on bleached pulp quality (fiber dimensions and physical-mechanical properties). The woods performance on pulping, bleaching and beating results were analyzed. The Kraft pulping was carried out in forced circulation digester in order to obtain 17 +/- 1 kappa number targets. The pulps were bleached to 90 +/- 1 using delignification oxygen and D0EOPD1 bleaching sequence. Bleached pulp of low basic density clone showed, significantly, lowest revolutions number in the PFI mill to reach tensile index of 70 N.m/g, low Schopper Riegler degree and generated sheets with higher values to bulk and opacity. These characteristics and properties allow concluding that bleached pulp of low basic density clone was the most indicated to produce printing and writing sheets. The bleached pulp of high basic density clone showed higher values of bulk and capillarity Klemm and lower water retention value when analyzed without beating. The bleached pulp of high basic density clone showed more favorable characteristics to the production of tissue papers.

Densidade básica da madeira de sete espécies e três clones de eucalipto antes e durante o cultivo de shiitake

Avaliou-se a densidade básica da madeira e casca de sete espécies (E. saligna, E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. paniculata e E. pellita) e três clones de eucalipto (híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla) antes e durante o cultivo das linhagens LE-95/01 e LE-96/18 de shiitake (Lentinula edodes) em toras. Cada linhagem de shiitake foi inoculada em nove toras de cada tipo de eucalipto com 1 m de comprimento e 9 a 14 cm de diâmetro. Assim, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos e 9 repetições, sendo cada repetição correspondente a uma tora. As toras foram mantidas em estufa climatizada, com temperatura de 25 ± 5ºC e umidade relativa do ar entre 60-80% durante 12 meses. Para a determinação da densidade básica, analisaram-se cunhas de discos e cascas de eucalipto recém-cortadas (sem inoculação das linhagens de L. edodes) e em cunhas de discos retirados de toras já inoculadas com as linhagens de L. edodes após 8 e 12 meses de incubação. Verificou-se que a densidade básica da madeira, ao longo do ciclo de cultivo, foi reduzida em todos os tipos de eucalipto.

Estudo do Cultivo de dois clones de Escherichia coli recombinantes (eIF, LACK) para a Expressão de Antígenos da Leishmania chagasi

With advent of the technology of the recombinant DNA, the recombinant protein expression becomes an important tool in the studies of the structure, function and identification of new proteins, mainly with therapeutical purposes. The Escherichia coli has been procarioto predominant in the studies of genetic engineering due to wealth of information regarding its metabolism. Despite the expressivo advance of the studies of molecular biology and the immunology of the infections, it does not exist, currently, no prophylactic drug capable to prevent calazar. Of this form, it exists a great necessity of specific antigen identification for the vaccine development and kits for disgnostic against the visceral Leishmaniose. In this context, this work objectified to study the recombinant antigen expression of the Leishmania chagasi during the culture of Escherichia coli in shaker. A first set of assays was carried through with the objective of if knowing the kinetic behavior of the growth of two clones recombinant proteins (eIF, LACK) in two different compositions of culture medium (2xTY, TB) supplemented by antibiotics, without IPTG addition. In the second stage of the assays, the procedure of induction for IPTG was carried through, in order to verify the influence of the composition of the ways tested in the expression them recombinant proteins. On the basis of the gotten results, can be observed that the high complexity of culture medium favored the kinetic one of growth of clones recombinant (eIF, LACK), however, to if to deal with the assays submitted to the procedure of induction for IPTG, the raised complexity of culture medium did not favor the expression of recombinant proteins. On the other hand, they had been gotten resulted positive for all clones recombinant (eIF, LACK) tested, confirmed through the eletroforético profile

Seletividade e absorção radicular do sulfentrazone em clones de eucalipto

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade e a absorção do sulfentrazone em clones de eucalipto. O primeiro experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas doses do sulfentrazone (400 e 600 g ha-1) e quatro clones de eucalipto, híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (FB1, FB2, FB3 e FB4). Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de intoxicação das plantas de eucalipto e, no final do estudo, determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea dos clones. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados os mesmos clones, sendo estes acondicionados em tubos falcon com 50 mL da solução contendo o sulfentrazone na concentração de 129 mM. As plantas de eucalipto permaneceram por 24 horas com as raízes imersas na solução e, em seguida, foi realizada a extração da seiva do xilema das plantas por meio de uma câmara de pressão. A concentração de sulfentrazone na seiva das plantas foi determinada através de cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas. O clone FB3 apresentou menor acúmulo de massa seca em relação aos demais, o que pode estar diretamente associado aos altos níveis de intoxicação observados. O clone FB2, apesar de mostrar elevada intoxicação, não apresentou níveis tão elevados de redução de massa seca em relação à testemunha. No tocante às concentrações de sulfentrazone nas plantas, elas foram proporcionais ao acúmulo de massa seca, o que indica que as variações na seletividade dos clones de eucalipto podem estar relacionadas à absorção diferenciada do herbicida.

Avaliação de dois clones de Escherichia coli recombinante quanto ao crescimento e expressão de antígenos de Leishmania chagasi (kmp11 e P36)

Visceral leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania chagasi, also known as calazar, presented, in the period from 1990 to 2005, tax of incidence in Brazil varying between 1 and 3 cases for 100 000 inhabitants. The Northeast region that up to the year of 2000 contributed with almost 90% of the registered cases is reducing his participation in the current decade, reaching 56% in 2005. Conventional leishmaniasis treatment is costly and it shows high toxicity, demanding more research for alternative treatments, with special interest in development of vaccines and diagnosis kits which include production of recombinant antigens by host cells. Escherichia coli has been the microorganism most studied and used as a host for recombinant protein production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of induction on cellular growth and to verify the type of Leishmania chagasi antigens expression (intra or extracellular) during two recombinant E. coli clones (kmp11 and P36) cultivation in rotary incubator (shaker) using three different media (2xTY, TB, FASS+EL). For that, tests were carried out using conditions established in the literature for E. coli (37°C and 200 rpm) and media supplemented with antibiotics to guarantee that only competent cells grows. First, tests were carried out without induction in order to verify the two microorganisms kinetic behavior (growth and substrate consumption) in different media. Next, the induction was carried out through the addition of IPTG (1mM as final concentration), at the first hour of cultivation. It was observed that protein expression were intracellular for all clones and media tested, however the highest level of expression was clearly observed by the electrophoresis band density (intensity) for 2xTY medium and kmp11 protein. Although it contains the lowest substrate concentration, consequently, a reduced cellular concentration when compared to other media, it appeared that this medium and clone combination is the most indicated for recombinant protein production. Therefore, the objective of this work was achieved, since the interested proteins were produced. Consequently, this result motivates new studies for production optimization using different cultivation strategies

Intensidade do mal das folhas em plantas jovens e adultas de seis clones de seringueira na região do Vale do Ribeira: South American leaf blight intensity evaluated in six clones of young and adult rubber trees in the Vale do Ribeira region, São Paulo state, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo comparativo da constituição nutricional da madeira e casca de espécies e clones de Eucalipto visando o cultivo de Shiitake em toras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Clones promissores de seringueira para a região do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo

Este trabalho objetivou apresentar resultados da primeira seleção de clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.Arg.) da série IAC 300, e amazônicos das séries IAN e Fx, em experimento de pequena escala, visando produção, crescimento e resistência ao mal-das-folhas. A produção e o vigor de 20 clones foram avaliados por dois e nove anos, respectivamente, em PariqüeraAçú, no Vale do Ribeira, SP. Os clones IAC 301, IAC 304, IAC 306 e IAC 319 produziram satisfatoriamente nos dois primeiros anos de sangria. Os clones amazônicos IAN 6323, Fx 3864 e IAN 2903, com produções de 1.078 kg, 945 kg e 900 kg/ha/ano, respectivamente, foram superiores à testemunha IAN 873 (878 kg/ha/ano). Os clones selecionados apresentaram crescimento vigoroso, com extremos de perímetro do caule, na abertura do painel, de 37,40 cm (IAN 4493) a 53,75 cm (IAN 6323), e percentual de plantas aptas à sangria de 7,0% (IAN 4493) a 100% (IAN 6323 e IAC 302), exceto os clones Fx 3899 e IAN 3044. O IAC 315, com 7,37 mm, mostrou maior espessura de casca virgem que o IAN 873 (6,44 mm). Os clones IAC 320, IAC 306 e IAC 315 foram os mais resistentes ao Microcyclus ulei.

Thermogravimetric studies of decomposition kinetics of six different IAC Hevea rubber clones using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa approach

The thermal degradation behaviour of rubber from six new Hevea brasiliensis clones (IAC 40, 56, 300, 301, 302 and 303) from São Paulo State, Brazil was studied by thermogravimetry using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa approach to assess the kinetic parameters ( reaction order, activation energy and pre-exponential factor) of the decomposition process. This study indicated that the thermal behaviour is a complex multiple step process, which depends on the type of rubber Hevea clones studied. The rubber from these clones can be classified, following the order of decreasing thermal stability, as IAC 303 > 302 > 56 > 40 > 300 > 301.

Caracterização mecânica e térmica da borracha natural formulada e vulcanizada dos clones: GT 1, IAN 873, PB 235 e RRIM 600

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação de clones de borracha natural crua por ensaios padrão e análise dinâmico-mecânica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seleção de clones de figueira cv. roxo de Valinhos formados por gemas irradiadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Drought tolerance is associated with rooting depth and stomatal control of water use in clones of Coffea canephora

center dot Background and Aims Drought is a major environmental constraint affecting growth and production of Coffea canephora. Selection of C. canephora clones has been largely empirical as little is known about how clones respond physiologically to drought. Using clones previously shown to differ in drought tolerance, this study aimed to identify the extent of variation of water use and the mechanisms responsible, particularly those associated morphological traits.center dot Methods Clones (14 and 120, drought-tolerant; 46 and 109A, drought-sensitive, based on their abilities to yield under drought) were grown in 120-L pots until they were 12-months old, when an irrigation and a drought treatment were applied; plants were droughted until the pressure potential (Psi(x)) before dawn (pre-dawn) reached -3.0 MPa. Throughout the drought period, Psi(x) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were measured. At the end of the experiment, carbon isotope ratio and parameters from pressure-volume curves were estimated. Morphological traits were also assessed.center dot Key Results and Conclusions With irrigation, plant hydraulic conductance (K-L), midday Psi(x) and total biomass were all greater in clones 109A and 120 than in the other clones. Root mass to leaf area ratio was larger in clone 109A than in the others, whereas rooting depth was greater in drought-tolerant than in drought-sensitive clones. Predawn Psi(x) of -3.0 MPa was reached fastest by 109A, followed progressively by clones 46, 120 and 14. Decreases in g(s) with declining Psi(x), or increasing evaporative demand, were similar for clones 14, 46, and 120, but lower in 109A. Carbon isotope ratio increased under drought; however, it was lower in 109A than in other clones. For all clones, Psi(x), g(s) and KL recovered rapidly following re-watering. Differences in root depth, KL and stomatal control of water use, but not osmotic or elastic adjustments, largely explained the differences in relative tolerance to drought stress of clones 14 and 120 compared with clones 46 and 109A.

Comparação entre folhas sombreadas de sete clones adultos de seringueira

Nas seringueiras, o substrato para a síntese do látex provém, em curto prazo, do processo fotossintético, realizado em sua maioria por folhas dos estratos sujeitos à radiação sub-saturante. Neste estudo, foram avaliados e comparados (1) os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos (clorofilas a, b e carotenóides totais); (2) a espessura foliolar total e dos parênquimas clorofilianos; e (3) a área e peso da matéria seca foliar de folhas sombreadas, para seis clones de seringueira selecionados pelo Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), comparativamente ao tradicional clone RRIM 600. em média, os teores de clorofila total (a+b) e de carotenóides totais foram, respectivamente, de 3,14 e 1,04 mg g-1 de peso fresco, sempre superiores ou iguais ao da testemunha. A espessura foliolar média foi de 119,62 µm e mostrou grande variação entre os clones IAC, e destes quanto à testemunha. A área foliar média, de 219,17 cm², foi quase equivalente para todos os clones. A área foliar específica foi, em média, de 198,08 cm² g-1, e neste caso, o maior valor foi observado para o IAC 56, sendo os demais, inferiores ou equivalentes ao da testemunha. Os clones IAC 302 e IAC 303 mostraram-se estatisticamente similares ao RRIM 600 para todos os caracteres analisados, e uma relação com a produtividade foi sugerida para o clone IAC 303.