426 resultados para Chipless RFID


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众所周知,供应链管理(Supply Chain Management, SCM)是一个极其复杂的系统,自从上个世纪70年代以来,经济全球化的趋势以及信息技术的快速发展,给本来已经极其热门的供应链管理领域又提供了无穷的发展空间。这个领域里面不断出现新的挑战,其中的种种难题几乎都跟供应链系统的复杂性和不确定性特征息息相关。 无线射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术是通过无线射频方式进行非接触双向通信的自动化识别与数据获取技术,在多目标识别、移动目标识别和单品识别等应用领域具有极大的优势,广泛应用于国防、制造、医疗、零售、物流等诸多领域,被誉为21世纪最热门的技术之一。近年来RFID技术受到工业界和学术界高度关注,理论研究和实践应用得到了突飞猛进的发展。随着无线射频识别技术的迅速发展和价格的迅速低廉,企业已经越来越多地把信息技术应用于供应链的管理之中,信息技术已成为企业实施供应链管理的不可或缺的手段,它们可以使企业的供应链管理更为有效以及高效。但是在将RFID技术应用到供应链信息管理的过程之中,遇到了许多阻力和困难。在RFID信息网络的构建、网络中海量资源调用、以及跟踪应用等诸多方面都存在还不能解决的问题。 本文在深入研究无线射频识别技术的基础上,结合供应链信息系统的发展现状以及所面临的诸多迫切需要解决的问题,提出了面向供应链服务的RFID信息网络,并设计了RFID网格模型,对RFID网络中的资源优化问题,以及目标跟踪问题进行了专门的研究,提出了行之有效的算法。主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面: 首先,构建了基于RFID系统的供应链信息管理系统的架构,并针对供应链信息系统中存在的种种问题,提出构建面向供应链服务的RFID网络。在详细介绍了当前国内外RFID网络研究与发展的基础上,设计了基于RFID网络的供应链应用体系,并给出了这一RFID网络的基本架构。 其次,根据网格计算理论提出了RFID无线网格体系,分别对RFID无线网格分层组织和系统构建组成进行了详细的描述。设计了RFID网格的供应链应用场景,将RFID网格基础设施安装在制造商分销中心、零售商仓库和零售商商店,通过运行在每个基础实施构件提供RFID数据捕获、数据处理和集成,并对RFID无线网格体系进行了建模以及分析。 再次,针对供应链系统的RFID信息服务瞬时产生海量的RFID信息,资源调度优化存在难点,提出利用粒子群算法,解决这一问题。该算法在求解该类问题时的优点包括:收敛速度快、容易克服早熟、能够优化多目标、能够柔性控制和容易分布式运算等。我们设计了RFID资源任务调度模型,利用经过改进的粒子群算法BPSO对这一模型的进行了求解,并将这一算法与传统的遗传算法的求解进行了仿真比较,可见该算法较遗传算法有较大优势。 最后,在面向供应链系统的RFID信息服务中,跟踪领域具有广泛的应用前景,同时在对环境敏感的对象跟踪领域中联合无线传感器网络也是RFID跟踪应用的一大趋势。针对网络跟踪研究,总结了RFID与无线传感器网络相结合的三种模式,提出以Adhoc的方式将RFID读写器组成一个面向供应链服务的无线跟踪网络,并给出一基于RFID无线网络的跟踪算法,以解决供应链系统中物品的追踪问题。

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射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术,是一种利用射频通信实现的非接触式的数据采集和自动识别技术(以下通称RFID技术)。而超高频射频识别技术(Ultra High Frequency RFID,UHF RFID)具有识别距离远、识别准确率高、识别速度快、抗干扰能力强等特点而成为当前研发的热点。UHF RFID读写器的难点就在于射频前端电路和基带编解码的设计,它们设计的好坏直接决定了读写器的性能好坏。 本文首先通过介绍UHF RFID读写器射频前端设计的基本原理,采用射频通用收发模块进行射频前端设计的方法,给出了以ADF7020收发芯片为核心的UHF RFID读写器的射频前端的整体设计和具体的实现电路,设计了包括射频收发电路、射频前端匹配电路、滤波电路、环行器电路、功率放大电路等。 其次根据EPC Gen-2的协议标准进行了UHF RFID读写器的基带编码解码的仿真设计,然后开发了以FPGA为核心的完整的数字基带硬件电路,实际调试表明整个基带编解码软件在硬件基带PCB板上运行状况良好,并能对EPC Gen-2的协议标准的命令进行正确的编码解码。 最后通过研究学习软件无线电的理论和开发方法,把UHF RFID读写器的射频前端分成射频模拟前端和射频数字前端,给出了一种基于软件无线电思想的UHF RFID射频数字前端设计模型,并借助于SIMULINK中的信号处理工具箱对构建的数字前端的进行仿真验证,仿真结果验证了用软件无线电实现UHF RFID数字前端的可行性。

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针对混流装配的汽车自动化生产线提出了基于RFID的车辆追踪和基于条码的无线物料库存管理实现方法。在此基础上,设计了装配生产线的物料动态配送调度业务流程,给出了物料动态配送的规划依据,并进行了实例计算。

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The Kyoto Protocol and the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive put an onus on governments
and organisations to lower carbon footprint in order to contribute towards reducing global warming. A key
parameter to be considered in buildings towards energy and cost savings is its indoor lighting that has a major
impact on overall energy usage and Carbon Dioxide emissions. Lighting control in buildings using Passive
Infrared sensors is a reliable and well established approach; however, the use of only Passive Infrared does not
offer much savings towards reducing carbon, energy, and cost. Accurate occupancy monitoring information can
greatly affect a building’s lighting control strategy towards a greener usage. This paper presents an approach for
data fusion of Passive Infrared sensors and passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based occupancy
monitoring. The idea is to have efficient, need-based, and reliable control of lighting towards a green indoor
environment, all while considering visual comfort of occupants. The proposed approach provides an estimated
13% electrical energy savings in one open-plan office of a University building in one working day. Practical
implementation of RFID gateways provide real-world occupancy profiling data to be fused with Passive
Infrared sensing towards analysis and improvement of building lighting usage and control.

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The range of potential applications for indoor and campus based personnel localisation has led researchers to create a wide spectrum of different algorithmic approaches and systems. However, the majority of the proposed systems overlook the unique radio environment presented by the human body leading to systematic errors and inaccuracies when deployed in this context. In this paper RSSI-based Monte Carlo Localisation was implemented using commercial 868 MHz off the shelf hardware and empirical data was gathered across a relatively large number of scenarios within a single indoor office environment. This data showed that the body shadowing effect caused by the human body introduced path skew into location estimates. It was also shown that, by using two body-worn nodes in concert, the effect of body shadowing can be mitigated by averaging the estimated position of the two nodes worn on either side of the body. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.

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Active radio-frequency identification systems that are used for the localisation and tracking of people will be subject to the same body centric processes that impact other forms of wearable communications. To achieve the goal of creating body worn tags with multiyear life spans, it will be necessary to gain an understanding of the channel conditions which are likely to impact the reader-tag interrogation process. In this paper we present the preliminary results of an indoor channel measurement campaign conducted at 868 MHz aimed at understanding and modelling signal characteristics for a wrist-worn tag. Using a model selection process based on the Akaike Information Criterion, the lognormal distribution was selected most often to describe the received signal amplitude. Parameter estimates are provided so that the channels investigated in this study may be readily simulated.