Absorção de micronutrientes em plantas de pimentão submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biochemical changes during the induction of mineral stress in plants of bell pepper cultivated in fertigation system

The greenhouse production associated with the fertigation management, have established in Brazil as economical alternative for several horticultural species. With this strategy this study had as aim to evaluate possible impacts in the metabolism of plants of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa) in response to the increase of mineral concentration in the soil. During the experiments, the some nutrient concentrations were altered, to obtain high values of electric conductivity (EC) in the soil solution. The EC values commonly observed in the traditional fertigation system were adopted, as control. It was also verified the possibility of reduction of the mineral stress impact by the application of organic matter in the soil. Parameters of the antioxidative response system, as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities besides the proline content were evaluated to measure the extension of the saline stress and their effects on the plants. The increase of EC of the soil induced to the increase of the proline concentration and the SOD activity. Unexpectedly, it was verified that the saline stress inhibited the activity of the enzyme catalase. It was also concluded that the monitoring of EC of the soil is an indispensable tool to reach success in the fertigation system and that the study of the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system, and the proline contents can be assumed as indicators in of the levels of stress in bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa).

Teores de macronutrientes em plantas de pimentão enxertadas sob fertirrigação

This study aimed at determining the levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in grafted plants by contact methods such as bevel, cleft grafting by full rift and approach, as compared to non grafted plants. Analyses were performed in different parts of the plants under fertigation in a greenhouse. The hybrid and rootstock were AF 7125 and AF 8253, respectively. The nutrients were supplied via fertigation during the 150-day cycle. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Production Farm in São Manuel city, SP which belongs to FCA-UNESP Campus in Botucatu city/SP. A total of 4 treatments and 5 replications were used. Each plot consisted of 12 plants. Chemical analyses were performed in one plant per plot at 35, 85, 112 and 143 days after transplantation to determine nutrient concentrations. The results showed that the macronutrient concentrations in a decreasing sequence in the vegetative parts (leaf + stem) were as follows: K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P; and in the fruits: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca. Macronutrient concentrations were similar among grafted plants as compared to ungrafted plants, and the rootstock may have influenced absorption and translocation of minerals in grafted plants.

Avaliação da produção e concentração viral em pimentão infectado por tospovírus com o uso de piraclostrobina + metiram

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Digeribilità e bioaccessibilità di composti bioattivi in diverse cultivar di peperoni dolci

Un discreto numero di molecole biologicamente attive contenute nei cibi vegetali si suppone esercitino un ruolo preventivo e favorevole su molteplici funzioni dell’organismo, con meccanismi d’azione spesso legati alla modulazione diretta e indiretta dello stress ossidativo. Acido ascorbico, tocoferoli, carotenoidi, polifenoli, posseggono attività antiossidante e giocano un ruolo positivo nella conservazione dello stato di salute. L’elevato contenuto di essi nei peperoni dolci (Capsicum Annuum L.) ha incrementato l’interesse nei confronti di questi vegetali da parte del settore agronomico e dell’industria alimentare. È tuttavia noto che la concentrazione di composti bioattivi può essere molto diversa anche tra cultivar della stessa specie vegetale ed è pertanto importante evidenziare il contenuto quali-quantitativo delle varie molecole nelle diverse cultivar di peperoni dolci, in modo da evidenziare le più ricche di tali componenti. Occorre però tenere conto anche della biodisponibilità e bioaccessibilità dei diversi componenti funzionali. Infatti il possibile effetto positivo di tali molecole non dipende solo dal loro contenuto nell’alimento ma soprattutto dalla quantità che viene rilasciata dalla matrice alimentare durante il processo digestivo, e che quindi risulta essere potenzialmente biodisponibile e attivo nell’organismo. Scopo della ricerca presentata è stato valutare e confrontare la digeribilità e la bioaccessibilità di alcuni composti bioattivi antiossidanti in peperoni dolci rossi e gialli appartenenti a due diverse cultivar, Lamuyo e Corno di Toro. Il contenuto fenolico totale e di vitamina C, l’attività antiossidante totale sono stati determinati nei campioni di peperone digeriti in vitro, e comparati ai prodotti freschi, evidenziando differenze significative in termini di bioaccessibilità in particolare tra i peperoni rossi delle due cultivar. Sebbene il processo di digestione in vitro sia una simulazione parziale ed incompleta di quanto accade in vivo, la valutazione di un alimento dopo averlo sottoposto a tale processo rappresenta un importante progresso nello studio delle proprietà e del valore nutrizionale degli alimenti.

Long-term foliar persistence and efficacy of spinosad against beet armyworm under greenhouse conditions.

BACKGROUND: The immediate lethality caused by spinosad has been widely studied on Spodoptera exigua (H ¿ ubner). However, long-term effects can also provide valuable information on insecticide toxic action. Here, the persistence of spinosad on Capsicum annuum L. foliage and the lethal and sublethal effects of greenhouse-aged foliar residues of this insecticide on third instars of S. exigua are reported. RESULTS: Foliage was collected at 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after application, and spinosad residues were measured. Residues decreased over time according to first-order kinetics. The average rate constant and half-life of disappearance were 4.44×10?3 and156 daysand5.80×10?3 and120 days for60and120 mg L?1 respectively. Larval mortalitygradually decreased, corresponding to the residues, but was still appreciable (35 and 65% for 60 and 120 mg L?1 respectively) when the larvae were fed with foliage collected 50 days after treatment. Subsequently, pupal development was reduced and varied between 20 and 60% and between 21 and 41% for 60 and 120 mg L?1, respectively, in all ages of leaf residues that were bioassayed. At all time points, the consumption rate by the larvae was reduced between 62 and 84% for both concentrations that were bioassayed. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that, under the present greenhouse conditions, the degradation of spinosad was slower than that reported by other authors in the field, and, because of that, its residues could cause lethal and sublethal effects to S. exigua larvae.

Dedicated Roles of Plastid Transketolases during the Early Onset of Isoprenoid Biogenesis in Pepper Fruits1

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), which is produced from mevalonic acid or other nonmevalonic substrates, is the universal precursor of isoprenoids in nature. Despite the presence of several isoprenoid compounds in plastids, enzymes of the mevalonate pathway leading to IPP formation have never been isolated or identified to our knowledge. We now describe the characterization of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cDNAs, CapTKT1 and CapTKT2, that encode transketolases having distinct and dedicated specificities. CapTKT1 is primarily involved in plastidial pentose phosphate and glycolytic cycle integration, whereas CapTKT2 initiates the synthesis of isoprenoids in plastids via the nonmevalonic acid pathway. From pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, CapTKT2 catalyzes the formation of 1-deoxy-xylulose-5-phosphate, the IPP precursor. CapTKT1 is almost constitutively expressed during the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition, whereas CapTKT2 is overexpressed during this period, probably to furnish the IPP necessary for increased carotenoid biosynthesis. Because deoxy-xylulose phosphate is shared by the plastid pathways of isoprenoid, thiamine (vitamin B1), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) biosynthesis, our results may explain why albino phenotypes usually occur in thiamine-deficient plants.

Avaliação da resistência a tobamovirus em acessos de Capsicum spp.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of Osmotic Dehydration on Ascorbic Acid Loss in Pickled Dry Peppers (Capsicum chinense)

The objective of this work was (1) to develop a dehydrated pepper with 45% humidity, determining the drying curves for pepper, with and without osmotic pre-treatment and (2) to evaluate the influence of both drying and osmotic treatment on the content ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in fresh pepper and pepper with 45% humidity. The experiments were carried out using the peppers cut in half, with and without osmotic pre-treatment, followed by drying in an oven at 70 degrees C. The results showed that the osmotic pretreatment did not influence the retention of ascorbic acid during the drying of pepper. The sensory analysis regarding the color, flavor, and texture attributes revealed that there was no difference in the acceptability.

Identificação morfológica de isolados de Colletotrichum spp. Causadores de antracnose em solanáceas.

As solanáceas são um grupo de plantas de elevado interesse econômico. Fungos do gênero Colletotrichum encontram-se dentre os principais patógenos das solanáceas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar isolados de Colletotrichum, coletados em hospedeiras solanáceas, ao nível de espécie por meio de caracteres morfológicos bem como estabelecer a espécie predominante em solanáceas. Quarenta e cinco isolados foram obtidos de várias espécies foram observados em microscópio óptico para determinar o tamanho e forma de seus conídios. Com base em caracteres morfológicos, observou-se uma prevalência de C. gloeosporioides em relação a C. acutatum entre a população de isolados avaliada. Houve diferença entre medidas de conídios dos isolados, porém uma relação com o formato dos mesmos não pôde ser encontrada. A morfologia pode ser utilizada para distinção de espécies de forma preliminar. No entanto, para se ter mais confiança na identificação das mesmas, estudos complementares utilizando marcadores moleculares são necessários.

Classificação de hortaliças.

1999

Accumulation of nutrients in sweet peppers cultivated in coconut fiber

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Growth analysis of sweet pepper cultivated in coconut fiber in a greenhouse

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cultivo de híbridos de pimentão amarelo em fibra da casca de coco

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Perfil dos consumidores de plantas medicinais e condimentares do município de Pato Branco (PR)

Diagnosticou-se o perfil dos consumidores de supermercados em Pato Branco (PR), com relação às suas preferências pelas plantas medicinais e condimentares, como subsídio à produção por pequenos produtores rurais. Os consumidores preferem produtos orgânicos, observam a aparência e o preço do produto, e vão ao mercado uma vez por semana, preferencialmente aos sábados. As dez plantas medicinais preferidas, em ordem decrescente, são camomila, anis, boldo, carqueja, guaco, malva, poejo, espinheira-santa, menta e sálvia. As dez plantas condimentares preferidas, em ordem decrescente, são cebola, cravo, canela, orégano, alho, nóz-moscada, pimentão, cebolinha, endro e salsinha.