959 resultados para Cana-de-açúcar - Martinópolis (SP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Em uma paisagem natural, os solos apresentam uma ampla variação dos atributos químicos, tanto vertical como horizontal, resultante da interação dos diversos fatores de formação envolvidos. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em Guariba-SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a variabilidade espacial do pH, cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e saturação por bases (V%) em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, utilizando-se métodos da estatística clássica, análise geoestatística e técnica de interpolação de dados, com a finalidade de observar padrões de ocorrência destes atributos na paisagem. No terço inferior da encosta, após análise detalhada da variação do gradiente do declive, caracterizaram-se dois compartimentos (I e II), sob os quais os solos foram amostrados nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 50m, perfazendo um total de 206 pontos, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2m e 0,6-0,8m. Os maiores alcances foram observados na profundidade de 0,0-0,2m para todos os atributos estudados, com exceção do cálcio que apresentou comportamento inverso, refletindo os efeitos do maior grau de intemperismo e do manejo na variabilidade natural dos solos. Pequenas variações, nas formas do relevo, condicionam variabilidade diferenciada para os atributos químicos.
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Os atributos físicos do solo variam em função das formas do relevo e sofrem influência da mineralogia da fração argila e do manejo da cultura de cana-de-açúcar, podendo interferir no processo de compactação do solo. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o estado dos atributos físicos em diferentes formas do relevo em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico argiloso sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. A área apresenta duas formas de relevo: uma côncava, que ocorre nas posições mais elevadas, e uma linear, constituída pelos segmentos ombro, escarpa, meia encosta e encosta inferior. As amostras de solo foram coletadas durante o ciclo da cultura, nas camadas de 0,00-0,15m, 0,15-0,30m e 0,30-0,45m, para determinação do teor de matéria orgânica e dos seguintes atributos físicos: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, resistência do solo à penetração e teor de água no solo. A mineralogia mais gibbsítica e o maior teor de matéria orgânica, encontrada na forma de relevo côncava e de segmento ombro, proporciona menores valores de densidade do solo, de resistência do solo à penetração e de microporosidade e maiores valores de macroporosidade e de porosidade total do que a mineralogia mais caulinítica, encontrada nos demais segmentos da forma linear.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Realizou-se, no campus da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, em Jaboticabal, SP, um estudo com o objetivo de determinar a ingestão voluntária e a digestibilidade aparente de rações contendo diferentes relações de cana-de-açúcar: cama-de-frango (CC1= 65,50 : 34,50%; CC2= 58,00 : 42,00%; e CC3- 52,00 : 48,00% combinadas com três níveis de milho (M1 = 0 kg; M2 = 0,75 kg e M3 = 1,50 kg), através do delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 com três repetições. Utilizaram-se nove bezerros pesando, em média, 334 kg. Através da análise de regressão, detectou-se efeito linear positivo (P < 0,01) entre os níveis de milho e a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, da matéria orgânica, do extrato etéreo, do extrato não nitrogenado e dos teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais. As proporções de cana: cama-de-frango com menores quantidades de cana proporcionaram aumentos na digestibilidade da proteína e da fibra bruta (P < 0,01). Não houve interação significativa entre os níveis de milho e as proporções de cana: cama-de-frango. O valor nutritivo e a ingestão de matéria seca total foram significativamente aumentadas nas rações com os níveis crescentes de milho (P < 0,01).
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The study had the objective to evaluate the effect of the fertilization with filter cake enriched with soluble phosphate on the sugar yield. The experiment carried at Presidente Prudente-SP, used a randomized complete block design, in the factorial scheme 5 x 4, where the first factor consisted of doses of filter cake (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 t ha(-1)) and the second, doses of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha(-1) of P2O5), with 4 replicates, totaling 80 plots. The results indicated that phosphorus applied in planting furrows improves the quality of sugarcane raw matter by increasing the levels of soluble solids, total reducing sugars and sucrose in the stalks. The phosphorus also increases the productivity of sugar. The filter cake applied in planting furrow has the potential to partially replace the chemical fertilization with phosphate aiming to improve the quality and the productivity of sugar. The best combination was filter cake at dose between 2.6 and 2.7 t ha(-1) combined with dose between 160 and 190 kg P2O5 ha(-1) for obtaining best response of soluble solids and productivity of sugar.
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Plant regulators have been used successfully for early ripening and flowering control in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid). However, little information is available about the interactions between new genotypes and two plant regulators with regard to those variables. This study determined the effect of the regulators on the sucrose content, stalk production and flowering of seven sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was installed in March 2004 near Ja-, SP, Brazil A randomized complete block design was used with four blocks with a split plot treatment arrangement where the main plots were the genotypes IAC87-3396, IAC87-3410, IAC89-3124, IAC91-2195, 1AC91-5155, P088-62 and SP80-1842 and the subplots were sulfomethuron-methyl (15g i.a.·ha -1), etefon (480g i.a.·ha-1) and unsprayed control. Pol in cane was evaluated at 0, 21, 42, 63, 84, 105 and 126 days after the plant regulators application (DAA). Flowering, pith, stalk production and sucrose content were evaluated at 126 DAA. In most of the genotypes the use of plant regulators anticipated maturation in 21 days when compared with the unsprayed control. Etefon was more efficient for harvesting sugarcane between 42-84 DAA, whereas sulfomethuron-methyl was between 105 and 126 DDA. Both products controlled flowering. For most genotypes, the ripeners did not affect the productivity of stalks, except for sulfomethuron-methyl that reduced it in SP80-1842, and for ethephon that increased it in IAC91-2195. Sugar productivity of IAC89-3124 increased with both regulators, while it was higher in IAC91-2195 with ethephon application and lower in SP80-1842 with sulfomethuron-methyl use.
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Sugarcane is one of the most important crops of the Brazilian agribusiness and this importance justifies the use of techniques that allow the implementation of cultivation systems capable of reducing the variability of soil characteristics and the establishment of efficient agricultural planning. The aim of the present work was the planning and implementation of cultivation systems for sugarcane using geostatistical techniques, in the Pereira Barreto region, SP. An area of 505 ha was mapped using the global positioning system (GPS) and a Digital Elevation Model was elaborated (MDE). Soil samples were collected for 0-0.25 m depth, in each 7 ha, for their chemical attributes and texture characterization. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The determination of the spatial distribution of soil granulometric and chemical attributes allowed the allocation of the studied sugarcane varieties according to soil fertility and clay content. The kriging maps of soil granulometric and chemical attributes brought useful information to the establishment of production environments with different soil and crop managements. The identification of different environments by means of geostatistical techniques allowed the precise planning of the sugarcane cultivation, as well as the adequacy of fertilization practices and the allocation of suitable sugarcane varieties adapted to the conditions imposed by differences in the soil attributes.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of ten sugarcane cultivars to Diatraea saccharalis under field conditions, using a randomized block design with treatments in factorial 2x10 with six replications. The first factor was represented by two levels of infestation (infested and not infested) by borer and the second one, by the ten sugarcane varieties (IAC87-3396, IAC91-1099, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-2101, IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-4004, IACSP95-5000, IACSP96-3060, IACSP96-2042 and SP91-1115). The experiment was evaluated in two crop cycles: plant crop and first ratoon. All cultivars were attacked by the borer, being IACSP94-4004, IACSP96-2042 and SP91-1115 the most damaged cultivars with the highest infestation index. During the plant crop, plots infested by the borer presented higher fiber content than the ones not infested. During the first ratoon, non infested plants produced 10% less and presented lower purity and higher content of reducing sugars than the non-infested plants.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The use of selective herbicides to control weeds has caused different responses in cultivars of sugar cane, and some products affect physiological characteristics and reduce the photosynthetic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological traits in cultivars of sugar cane under the effect of applying post-emergence herbicides. The test was developed in Jau, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 5 x 4 (cultivar x herbicide) with four replications. SP81-3250, RB855156, RB855453, RB867515, IACSP95-5000 were grown in this studied. Herbicides clomazone (1200 g i.a.ha-1); commercial mixture of clomazone + ametryn (1000 + 1500 g i.a.ha-1) and ametryn (3000 g i.a.ha-1) and a control were applied at 30 days after planting. Cultivars IACSP95-5000 and RB867515 were less affected physiologically and can be considered selective to these herbicides. The application of clomazone and ametryn affected negatively the traits maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), SPAD index and photosynthetic pigments, but the mixture of these herbicides caused higher reductions, indicating to be the more aggressive to the cultivars.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)