Implicaciones sociales e institucionales, de la Estrategia de Control Territorial, en el Desarrollo de la Política de Defensa y Seguridad Democrática, en los municipios del Bajo y Medio Putumayo

El texto parte de la relación del Estado con territorios de colonización como el departamento del Putumayo, cuya formación ha estado ligada a la exportación de materias primas para el mercado mundial; como proceso desencadenante de la actual coyuntura discursiva terrorismo y drogas -que hacen parte del mercado-, se prioriza a esta región en la ejecución de la política de Defensa y Seguridad Democrática 2002 – 2006. Desde esta perspectiva se presenta una reflexión sobre el empleo de prácticas espaciales de control geo-cultural y se hace referencia, de manera específica, a las acciones encaminadas a proveer seguridad a través de la estrategia de control territorial en los municipios del Bajo y Medio Putumayo.

El control constitucional de las decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas en Ecuador

La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar en qué forma la justicia estatal ecuatoriana, a través de la Corte Constitucional, examina o debería examinar las decisiones de carácter jurisdiccional emitidas por autoridades indígenas en la resolución de sus conflictos. El análisis propuesto pretende determinar de qué manera el máximo organismo de interpretación y control constitucional, debe conciliar las diferencias de la visión indígena y la visión eurocéntrica, en la sustanciación de la acción extraordinaria de protección en contra de decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas. Para alcanzar los fines planteados, empiezo explorando el alcance y relaciones de los conceptos de Estado plurinacional; pluralismo jurídico, nación cívica y nación étnica cultural; control constitucional; decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas y límites a la Corte Constitucional en la acción extraordinaria de protección en contra de resoluciones indígenas. Finalmente realizo un breve estudio del denominado caso La Cocha 2, que actualmente se sustancia en la Corte Constitucional por impugnación a una decisión judicial indígena, a fin de determinar cuáles son los parámetros que la Corte Constitucional debe considerar al momento de resolver.

Diseño del Sistema de Control de Gestión para la delegación Noroccidental Nanegalito - Administración La Delicia – Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

El presente trabajo, pretende avanzar en la búsqueda de herramientas que permitan mejorar la gestión de la prestación del servicio público. El capítulo I tiene como propósito dar una visión general de la Institución, conocer la historia, la filosofía de gestión, la estructura y una síntesis de la planificación en el MDMQ. El capítulo II se realiza un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la Delegación Noroccidental Nanegalito, utilizando la herramienta FODA, el diagnóstico trabajado evidencia el ser y el deber ser de la DNN, para brindar un mejor servicio a los pobladores de parroquias ubicadas en la zona Noroccidental (Nanegalito, Nanegal, Gualea y Pacto), que tiene los mayores índices de inequidad respecto del Distrito. El capítulo III es un resumen de los principales enfoques de planificación y de las principales herramientas que sirven para el control de la gestión, el marco conceptual permite contar con las definiciones más importantes y representativas de los conceptos de la investigación, en otras palabras la definición o definiciones que nos llevan a la operacionalización de las variables en estudio. El capítulo IV en base al diagnóstico y con la base conceptual se realiza la propuesta del sistema de control de Gestión DNN, que permiten contar con una herramienta de gestión, que permite llevar a la práctica el Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial, en otras palabras, viabilizar el logro de las políticas, objetivos, programas, metas que permita el desarrollo de capacidades la población y potenciar la inmensa riqueza, productiva, ambiental y cultural.

Effects of cultural system (organic and conventional) on growth, photosynthesis and yield components of sweet corn (zea mays L.) under semi-arid environment

Organic sweet maize consists of a new industrial crop product. Field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cultural systems on growth, photosynthesis and yield components of sweet maize crop (Zea mays L. F-1 hybrid 'Midas'). A randomized complete block design was employed with four replicates per treatment (organic fertilization: cow manure (5, 10 and 20 t ha(-1)), poultry manure (5, 10 and 20 t ha(-1)) and barley mulch (5, 10 and 20 t ha(-1)), synthetic fertilizer (240 kg N ha(-1)): 21-0-0 and control). The lowest dry weight, height and leaf area index and sod organic matter were measured in the control treatment. Organic matter content was proportionate to the amount of manure applied. The control plots had the lowest yield (1593 kg ha(-1)) and the double rate cow manure plots the had,greatest one. (6104 kg ha(-1)). High correlation between sweet corn yield and organic matter was registered. Moreover, the lowest values of 1000-grain weight were obtained with control plot. The fertilizer plot gave values which were similar to the full rate cow manure treatment. The photosynthetic race of the untreated control was significantly lower than that of the other treatments. The phorosynthetic rate increased as poultry manure and barley mulch ram decreased and as cow manure increased. Furthermore the untreated control had the lowest stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content. Our results indicated that sweet corn growth and yield in the organic plots was significantly higher than those in the conventional plots.

Agronomic techniques to control Lobesia botrana

The grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a key pest of grapevines in Greece. As part of a broader study on integrated pest management, the effects were investigated of different cultural methods on the establishment and survival of L. botrana, specifically: application of different nitrogen levels (30 and 100 units of ammonium sulfate or 70 units of Agrobiosol); summer leaf and shoot pruning; application of growth regulators (Regalis, probexadione-calcium; or Falgro, gibberellic acid). There were significant differences among the three levels of N application. The lowest L. botrana infestation rates were found in plots treated with 30 units of (NH4)(2)SO4 and plots that received some summer pruning. Following the application of plant growth regulators, the lowest L. botrana infestation levels occurred in the plots treated with Regalis or Falgro at the manufacturers' recommended concentrations. On vines where growth regulators had been applied, the clusters had fewer berries than those not treated with growth regulators.

Combining physical, cultural and biological methods: prospects for integrated non-chemical weed management strategies

Physical, cultural and biological methods for weed control have developed largely independently and are often concerned with weed control in different systems: physical and cultural control in annual crops and biocontrol in extensive grasslands. We discuss the strengths and limitations of four physical and cultural methods for weed control: mechanical, thermal, cutting, and intercropping, and the advantages and disadvantages of combining biological control with them. These physical and cultural control methods may increase soil nitrogen levels and alter microclimate at soil level; this may be of benefit to biocontrol agents, although physical disturbance to the soil and plant damage may be detrimental. Some weeds escape control by these methods; we suggest that these weeds may be controlled by biocontrol agents. It will be easiest to combine biological control with. re and cutting in grasslands; within arable systems it would be most promising to combine biological control (especially using seed predators and foliar pathogens) with cover-cropping, and mechanical weeding combined with foliar bacterial and possibly foliar fungal pathogens. We stress the need to consider the timing of application of combined control methods in order to cause least damage to the biocontrol agent, along with maximum damage to the weed and to consider the wider implications of these different weed control methods.

Representing violence, playing control: warring constructions of masculinity in Action Man toys

This chapter analyses how children, and especially boys, are constructed as ‘savage’ in relation to warlike toys and representations that narrate particular versions of conflict, such as war and terrorism. The chapter uses Action Man toys as a case study that is contextualized against a wider background of other toys, television programmes and films. Action Man is most familiar as a twelve-inch costumed toy figure, but the brand also extends into related media representations such as television programmes, comics and advertising. The chapter focuses increasingly on the specifics of Action Man representations produced from the 1960s to the 1990s, prefacing this detailed discussion with some examples of transmedia texts aimed at children in film and television. This chapter suggests that making the toy a central object of analysis allows for insights into representations of the gendered body that are particularly useful for work on the child-savage analogy. Some of the cultural meanings of war toys, warlike play and representations of war that can be analysed from this perspective include their role in the construction of masculine identity, their representation of particular wars and warlikeness in general, and their relationship to consumer society. This complex of meanings exhibits many of the contradictions that inhabit the construction of ‘the child’ in general, such as that the often extreme masculinity of war toys and games is countered by an aesthetic of spatial disposition, collecting and sometimes nurturing that is more conventionally feminine. Such inter-dependent but apparently opposed meanings can also be seen in the construction of the child as untainted by adult corruption yet also savage, or as in need of adult guidance yet also offering a model of innocence and purity that adults are expected to admire.

Stranger in a Strange Land: The struggle for cultural and personal identity in Haruki Murakami's Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World

In order to explicate Murakami's version of the official culture, I have analyzed the novel with the works of several different theorists. Primarily, I drew my own understanding of the official culture from Raymond Williams's examination of culture in Marxism and Literature. His terminology became helpful in writing about the operation of the System and the Town, though it did not define that operation precisely. Williams's work also introduced me to the theory behind the official culture's manipulation and exclusion of historical aspects in order to create their "official" version of history, from which the official culture draws its identity. For further analysis of the treatment of history, I turned to Friedrich Nietzsche's On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life. Though it examines the official culture's manipulation of history in a much more in-depth manner, it seems to have influenced Murakami's treatment of individual memories and cultural histories. For instance, the herd ofunicoms in the End of the World resembles Nietzsche's description of the ''unhistorical herd," or has the potential to resemble it. With these theories I was able to access the mechanisms of cultural control that Murakami depicts in the form of the System and the Town, and from there I was able to develop a model for how the narrator struggles to subvert that control. Both sides of that struggle are depicted and re-imagined many times throughout Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World.

Transição cultural : divergências diante da formação de uma nova identidade : estudo de caso da Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão - CST

The employees' partlclpation in the cultural transltIon process occurred in Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão (CST) was helpful in the identification of the group of measures that started to be managed in order to be established in the run of the control assumption. The company, in order to acquire proper features, had to change prior values, behaviors and identities through strategies shared by ali the organization members, thus, creating a new culture. The CST was seen as a company controlling and coordinating a group of people. It counted on vertical hierarchical leveis, departments and authority relations. It was neve r taken into account that the company could have its own personality, like each person that worked there. Before getting through this cultural transition process, that extremely changed its values, the company had a dominating culture, with a centralized administration. This way, it influenced the conduct of ali its members, in a controlling environment. When the company realized the necessity of investments in cultural changing programs, in order to eliminate the pathologies and disfunctions that were hitting its business structure, causing damage to productivity and to the quality of the results, it condensed energies in one direction implementing the participation of ali its leaderships as implementing and multiplier elements to orientate and facilitate the achievement of its goals. Trying to understand better the influences suffered by the changes brought by globalization and privatization, some theorical and operational concepts of culture and identity were developed in this study, mainly in the first chapters. In the research extension, several aspects of this complex anthropological and sociological concept of culture were managed, such as affectiveness, cognitive process, valuation process and everything that could be related to or that give elligibility to this concept and to the phenomenon this concept will consist in.

O Paternalismo nas organizações brasileiras: reflexões à luz da análise cultural de empresas do pólo têxtil de americana

Esta tese procura discutir a atualidade do paternalismo enquanto traço cultural das organizações brasileiras. Resgatando as raízes culturais brasileiras e apoiando-se em trabalhos de fundamentação antropológica, sociológica e psicanalítica, estabelece uma hipótese central de que o paternalismo possa ser encontrado hoje, no Brasil, tanto em empresas pequenas, onde predomina o controle de tipo paterno, quanto em empresas maiores e mais complexas, com tendência ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle de tipo materno, onde o paternalismo daria origem a uma versão abrasileirada deste. Pesquisa de campo de cunho etnográfico, realizada em três empresas de portes distintos do Pólo Têxtil de Americana-SP, mostrou indícios favoráveis à hipótese central, apresentando, todavia, importantes peculiaridades que, ao passo que permitem refiná-la, indicam trilhas para novos estudos. Na empresa de menor porte e complexidade, o paternalismo mostrou-se da maneira mais conhecida, nas práticas ora carinhosas, ora severas dos diretores da empresa. Nas empresas mais complexas, pudemos notar a expressão da ação dos pais que regulam o gozo dos filhos. A face protetora e a face violenta se revelam na medida em que se dá ou se restringe acesso ao amor da mãe. Nos três casos estudados, o paternalismo aparece com sua face afetiva predominado significativamente em relação à face violenta, o que parece ser elemento associado ao sucesso experimentado por tais empresas.

Resistência e prática pedagógica operária: o movimento dos operários da Fiat / Diesel e a formação da Associação Cultural de Apoio Mútuo (ACAM)

A compra da Fábrica Nacional de Motores (FNM) pela Fiat italiana, em Xerém, determina a inserção daquela unidade na linha de produção internacional da fábrica italiana, e as conseqüentes modificações no processo de trabalho. Caracterfsticas do setor moderno do processo capitalista de produção, as técnicas de organização do trabalho, complementadas pela maquinaria computadorizada, além de excludentes de mão-de-obra, visam retirar dos trabalhadores toda a atividade intelectual. Ficam, assim, reduzidas as possibilidades de controle sobre o processo de trabalho, bem como sobre as formas de desenvolvimento do potencial de libertação dos operários. Da recusa a esse estado de coisas nasce o movimento dos operários da Fiat, expresso em quatro greves (1978, 1979, 1980, 1981). Na dialética das greves, a aparência das reivindicações encobre seu aspecto essencial: a negação da opressão das relações de trabalho. A essência dos movimentos revela-se no processo de recomposição da existência coletiva em torno de um fundo comum, base objetiva da ruptura com os esquemas da organização capita lista do trabalho. Nascida com a demissão dos operários mais ativos no movimento da Fiat, a Associação Cultural de Apoio Mútuo (Acam) carregou consigo a contradição básica do ser de classe oprimida: a convivência de forças repressoras que o mantêm submisso à ordem do trabalho assalariado, de um lado, com as forças emancipatórias que o atraem para relações associativas, e possibilitam o desenvolvimento das potencial idades humanas. A reinserção dos operários na ordem do trabalho assalariado, ao fim do movimento grevista, e o fechamento da Acam, três anos depois, revelam a necessidade de se encontrar novas formas de generalização e unificação das organizações associativas esboçadas durante as greves.

Indústria cultural e forró eletrônico no Rio Grande do Norte

The present study aimed to understand how and to what extent the electronic forró, currently hegemonic in the music market in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, establishes and maintains relations of domination in the social contexts in which it is produced, transmitted and received. Based, in significant form-content, on the writings of the first generation of theorists of the so-called Frankfurt School (Critical Theory), particularly with Theodor W. Adorno, and systematically using the contributions of the Cultural Studies (from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies of Birmingham) and of the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, this study aimed to perform, in the fertile intersection of these references, a critical possibility of interpretation of the electronic forró predominantly spread in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, aiming at a better apprehension of the so-called capital circuits/culture circuits , this study resulted from a qualitative investment of research, based on structured interviews with musicians, entrepreneurs of the sector and music consumers, as well as on the analysis of the themes contained in the official discography of the electronic forró band called Garota Safada (Shameless Girl). As a general empirical conclusion, it was possible to infer that far from the significant presence of domination or mere prevalence of oppositions, there is a relational pluralism of forms of domination and ways of resistances present in the production and consumption of electronic forró, regardless of gender, age, income, education or place of residence. However, the artifices of the cultural industry has been shown to be efficient: from large-scale businessmen to small producers enabled by the so-called open markets . The currentness of the concept of cultural industry is based on the idea that its products are offered systematically (the systematic insistence of everything to everyone) and on the notion that its production primarily meets the administrative criteria of control over the effects on the receiver (capacity of prescription of desires). Thus, the Adornian reflection on the pseudo-individualization leads to the inference that even in some of the most apparent ways of negotiation and/or refusal regarding the consumption of forró, certain behaviors of the cultural industry still prevail both in the very (re)interpretation of the forró and in the choice of other music genres also standardized, rationalized and massified. Therefore, despite the absence of cause-effect relation and the recognition of the popular capacity of re-elaboration and contestation of the media consumption, some world views prevailing in relation to the electronic forró establish or, at least, support some hegemonic ideologies, especially those concerning the life style, consumption and genre relations (fun by all means). Therefore, due the massification of certain songs, some ways of dissemination of values, beliefs and feelings are potentially experienced from the electronic forró. So, it is presumable that in the current advance of the process of semiformation (Halbbildung), the habitus of a part of the youth from the state of Rio Grande do Norte reinforces and is reinforced by the centrality of the trinomial fun, love and sex present in the songs, emphasized in some constructive practices of sense and in certain flows of social significance

Acceleration of the decomposition of Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure in the control of citrus black spot

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do manejo cultural e químico na incidência e severidade da mancha-preta dos citros

A citricultura apresenta vários problemas fitossanitários, dentre os quais a mancha-preta dos citros (Guignardia citricarpa). O controle desta doença baseia-se no emprego de práticas culturais e no uso de fungicidas. Avaliou-se o efeito do manejo do mato em conjunto com o químico no controle da doença. Os experimentos foram instalados em pomares de laranjeiras-doces, nos municípios de Matão, Rio Claro e Mogi Guaçu, no Estado de São Paulo. No manejo do mato, comparou-se o uso isolado de roçadeira ecológica com o conjugado rastelo mecânico e trincha, aos 35 dias, após 2/3 de pétalas caídas. No controle químico, foram realizadas duas pulverizações com fungicida protetor e de 2 a 5 pulverizações da mistura de produto sistêmico com protetor, aos 45 dias, após 2/3 de pétalas caídas, em intervalos de aplicação de 35 dias. em todas as aplicações, foi adicionado óleo mineral emulsionável (0,25%). Avaliou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da incidência e severidade da doença, com os dados de cinco avaliações realizadas quinzenalmente, a partir da maturidade fisiológica dos frutos. em todas as áreas, o uso do controle químico, associado com o manejo do mato, reduziu a intensidade da doença.

Transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e psicologia histórico-cultural

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade tem sido evocado como justificativa corrente para o fracasso escolar de um número expressivo de crianças, atribuindo-se a elas a responsabilidade por não aprender e isentando de análise a escola e a sociedade nas quais estão inseridas. A situação se torna mais alarmante uma vez que a literatura a respeito aponta dificuldades no diagnóstico e na intervenção sobre esse tipo de transtorno, devidas à falta de clareza sobre o que é esse quadro clínico e em razão da não existência de estudos consistentes acerca das consequências futuras do uso de estimulantes nas crianças. Para discutir essas questões, a primeira parte do artigo apresenta a concepção hegemônica desse tipo de transtorno e sua compreensão do psiquismo infantil. A segunda parte aborda a maneira como a psicologia histórico-cultural analisa o desenvolvimento da atenção e o controle voluntário do comportamento humano, redimensionando a compreensão sobre o transtorno. Finalmente, são feitas algumas reflexões acerca do processo ensino-aprendizagem em crianças com desenvolvimento parcial das funções psicológicas superiores e do papel da psicologia e da pedagogia na compreensão do fenômeno para que sirvam de subsídio a medidas práticas em relação ao problema.