杉木人工林土壤微生物活性与土壤有机碳特征

土壤微生物参与陆地生态系统物质循环和能量流动，在土壤生态过程中起着重要作用。在森林生态系统管理过程中，森林树种组成的变化能影响土壤微生物数量和活性，这种影响的一个主要途径是通过森林凋落物的改变。我国南方杉木人工林取代地带性天然次生阔叶林后，林地土壤质量退化，随着杉木人工纯林的连栽，土壤质量进一步退化。树种单一化可能是引起土壤质量退化的一个重要原因，然而目前对其机理的认识十分有限。因此，本文比较研究了不同杉木人工林分布区（南带、中心产区、北带）杉木人工林和天然次生阔叶林土壤有机碳等土壤化学性状、土壤微生物数量以及土壤微生物活性特征。并且对位于中心产区的杉木人工林和天然次生常绿阔叶林土壤速效N、P、K养分及土壤酶活性的动态特征进行了研究，样地设在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站实验林场。同时，通过田间模拟试验，深入研究了不同杉阔叶凋落物（50％杉木＋5O％恺木、50％杉木＋500k枫香、330＆杉木＋33％恺木＋33％枫香）以及单一杉木叶凋落物对土壤化学性状、土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）、土壤微生物活性等指标的影响。研究结果表明：（1）广西柳州、湖南会同、河南信阳三个地区杉木人工林与天然次生阔叶林相比，林地表层土壤总有机碳量下降分别达58.24％、36.55％、31.51％，土壤全N、全P含量亦有不同程度下降，林地表层土壤C／N、C／P比也呈降低趋势；三个地区的杉木人工林与天然次生林相比，土壤细菌数量分别降低了59.03％、88.25％、76.85％，真菌数量分别下降72.17％、43.15％、28.33％；杉木人工林土壤脉酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、土壤呼吸强度均低于天然次生林土壤，而土壤多酚氧化酶活性反而增加。（2）各季节天然次生阔叶林土壤氨态氮、硝态氮、有效P、有效K含量均高于杉木人工林；杉木人工林土壤酶活性具有明显季节动态特征，而天然次生阔叶林土壤酶活性季节性变化较小，但是天然次生阔叶林土壤酶活性普遍高于杉木人工林土壤酶活性。（3）凋落物模拟试验结果表明混合凋落物能在一定程度上改善土壤微生物生物量碳、代谢嫡（成0a）、微生物嫡（Cmic／C01＾9）、土壤脉酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性等土壤质量的微生物学指标，尤其是杉木恺木这一组混合凋落物对土壤质量的改善似乎更有效。2004年4月份取样分析结果，SQF、SQ、SF处理土壤微生物生物量碳是咫处理土壤微生物生物量碳的1.64倍、1.64倍、1.28倍，10月份取样分析结果，SQF、SQ、SF处理土壤微生物生物量碳是PS处理的1.25倍、1.37倍、1.46倍；土壤代谢熵（qCO2）值在不同处理间表现出明显的差异（P＜0.05），两次取样比较结果均是PS处理qCO2值最高，其次为SF、SQF，最小为SQ；然而，不同处理凋落物对土壤总有机碳（TOC）等土壤化学性状影响差异不大。杉木人工林取代天然次生阔叶林后，由于森林生态系统生物多样性减少，林地凋落物质量变差，这可能是导致杉木人工林土壤质量退化的一个重要原因。增加人工林生态系统植物多样性，通过营造混交林（然而需要考虑混交树种的选择），改善林地凋落物质量，这一林地经营管理模式能在一定程度上减缓森林土壤质量退化。

长期重金属胁迫对农田土壤微生物生物量、活性和种群的影响

调查了沈阳张士灌区长期污水灌溉造成的原位农田土壤重金属污染状况,从土壤微生物生物量、微生物活性和微生物种群数量的角度评价了长期重金属污染对农田土壤生态系统的影响.结果表明,张士灌区土壤存在严重的Cd污染,土壤Cd含量达1.75~3.89mg.kg-1,部分区域还伴有Cu、Zn复合污染.在目前污染程度下,土壤微生物生物量碳(Cmic)、微生物商(qM)、土壤脱氢酶活性以及自生固氮菌数量随土壤重金属含量增加呈下降趋势,代谢商(qCO2)随土壤重金属含量增加显著升高,而底物诱导呼吸强度(SIR)、纤维素酶活性以及细菌、放线菌和真菌数量无明显变化.相关性分析表明,土壤Cd含量变化是影响微生物参数变化的主要因素,在微生物参数中微生物商和代谢商对重金属污染最敏感.

污水灌溉对土壤重金属含量、酶活性和微生物类群分布的影响

以沈阳张士灌区长期污灌的农田土壤为对象,研究了土壤重金属、土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和种群分布特征,分析了土壤微生物参数与土壤重金属和土壤性质的相关关系。结果表明,虽然已停止污灌十余年,张士灌区农田土壤仍存在Cd、Zn、Cu等多种重金属污染。土壤Cd污染最严重,含量达1.75~3.89 mg.kg-1。土壤耕作层(0~30cm)Zn、Cu、Pb总含量随土层深度增加逐渐减少,而Cd元素的垂直分布呈向下迁移的趋势。Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb等4种重金属含量水平分布特征相似,均为1号样地>2号样地>3号样地>4号样地。相关性分析表明,张士灌区土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和种群分布受重金属污染和土壤养分的影响,土壤养分含量(有机碳、N、P、K)对微生物的正面效应大于重金属对微生物的负面效应。土壤全量Cd和速效K对微生物参数的影响最为明显,Cd含量与多酚氧化酶活性和微生物生物量(Cmic)呈极显著负相关,与纤维素酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),速效K含量与多酚氧化酶活性、微生物生物量以及可培养微生物种群数量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。

城市土壤中重金属元素的积累及其微生物效应

与农村土壤相比，阿伯丁市城市土壤（路边土、公园土）的微生物特征发生了显著的改变，微生物基底呼吸作用明显增强，但微生物生物量却显著降低，微生物生理生态参数Cmic/Corg、qco2值明显升高，Biolog数据显示城市土壤对能源碳的消耗量和速度显著升高。对重金属元素研究表明，与农村土相比城市土壤中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni已经有明显积累，化学形态研究表明Pb主要与氧化铁有关，Ni、Zn以残渣态为主，Cd以有效态为主，而Cu除有效态外，其它结合形态基本具有同等重要的意义。主成分分析表明，有效态Pb是控制城市土壤与农村土壤微生物特征差异的主要因素，其次为Zn，Cu和Ni的有效态和有机态亦有一定的作用效应。

重金属Cu的土壤微生物毒性研究

Cu进入土壤后的早阶段，低浓度对土壤微生物生物量有刺激作用，而高浓度则起抑制作用；表现在微生物呼吸强度升高，微生物生理生态参数代谢商qCO2增大，微生物生物量碳与有机碳的比值（Cmic/Corg）降低；但土壤对Cu高强的结合容量导致该效应随时间而变得不显著；Biolog数据表明，在Cu的胁迫下，不仅微生物的群落结构有所改变，而且对碳源的优先利用种类发生了转移，碳源消耗量增加，消耗速度变快，同时这样的损伤效应具有长期性。

The influence of video games with apocalyptic content in adolescents

The aim of this study is the dissertation and analysis of the influence (sociological, psychological and cultural) exerted on adolescents by the concept of Apocalypse. Become a key thought of visual culture, the called doomsday theory achieves one of its highest expressions in video games, possibly the favorite entertainment for young people in their leisure time. The results obtained in this research represent a first approach to the subject through the selected samples, two secondary schools from the city of Seville with disparate locations and divergent socioeconomic backgrounds. To reinforce the comparative study, we have included issues related to parental control, principal gaming platforms used by respondents or the number of hours dedicated to this type of entertainment. The conclusions demonstrate an irremediable attraction from our youth towards apocalyptic universes, plotter consciously with leisure and entertainment as escape from their routine of everyday life.

NEW METHODS FOR DETECTION, SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING AND BIOFILM ERADICATION OF DIFFICULT ORGANISMS

Aujourd'hui, les problèmes des maladies infectieuses concernent l'émergence d'infections difficiles à traiter, telles que les infections associées aux implants et les infections fongiques invasives chez les patients immunodéprimés. L'objectif de cette thèse était de développer des stratégies pour l'éradication des biofilms bactériens (partie 1), ainsi que d'étudier des méthodes innovantes pour la détection microbienne, pour l'établissement de nouveaux tests de sensibilité (partie 2). Le traitement des infections associées aux implants est difficile car les biofilms bactériens peuvent résister à des niveaux élevés d'antibiotiques. A ce jour, il n'y a pas de traitement optimal défini contre des infections causées par des bactéries de prévalence moindre telles que Enterococcus faecalis ou Propionibacterium acnés. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré une excellente activité in vitro de la gentamicine sur une souche de E. faecalis en phase stationnaire de croissance Nous avons ensuite confirmé l'activité de la gentamicine sur un biofilm précoce en modèle expérimental animal à corps étranger avec un taux de guérison de 50%. De plus, les courbes de bactéricidie ainsi que les résultats de calorimétrie ont prouvé que l'ajout de gentamicine améliorait l'activité in vitro de la daptomycine, ainsi que celle de la vancomycine. In vivo, le schéma thérapeutique le plus efficace était l'association daptomycine/gentamicine avec un taux de guérison de 55%. En établissant une nouvelle méthode pour l'évaluation de l'activité des antimicrobiens vis-à-vis de micro-organismes en biofilm, nous avons démontré que le meilleur antibiotique actif sur les biofilms à P. acnés était la rifampicine, suivi par la penicilline G, la daptomycine et la ceftriaxone. Les études conduites en modèle expérimental animal ont confirmé l'activité de la rifampicine seule avec un taux de guérison 36%. Le meilleur schéma thérapeutique était au final l'association rifampicine/daptomycine avec un taux de guérison 63%. Les associations de rifampicine avec la vancomycine ou la levofloxacine présentaient des taux de guérisons respectivement de 46% et 25%. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'émergence in vitro de la résistance à la rifampicine chez P. acnés. Nous avons observé un taux de mutations de 10"9. La caractérisation moléculaire de la résistance chez les mutant-résistants a mis en évidence l'implication de 5 mutations ponctuelles dans les domaines I et II du gène rpoB. Ce type de mutations a déjà été décrit au préalable chez d'autres espèces bactériennes, corroborant ainsi la validité de nos résultats. La deuxième partie de cette thèse décrit une nouvelle méthode d'évaluation de l'efficacité des antifongiques basée sur des mesures de microcalorimétrie isotherme. En utilisant un microcalorimètre, la chaleur produite par la croissance microbienne peut être-mesurée en temps réel, très précisément. Nous avons évalué l'activité de l'amphotéricine B, des triazolés et des échinocandines sur différentes souches de Aspergillus spp. par microcalorimétrie. La présence d'amphotéricine Β ou de triazole retardait la production de chaleur de manière concentration-dépendante. En revanche, pour les échinochandines, seule une diminution le pic de « flux de chaleur » a été observé. La concordance entre la concentration minimale inhibitrice de chaleur (CMIC) et la CMI ou CEM (définie par CLSI M38A), avec une marge de 2 dilutions, était de 90% pour l'amphotéricine B, 100% pour le voriconazole, 90% pour le pozoconazole et 70% pour la caspofongine. La méthode a été utilisée pour définir la sensibilité aux antifongiques pour d'autres types de champignons filamenteux. Par détermination microcalorimétrique, l'amphotéricine B s'est avéré être l'agent le plus actif contre les Mucorales et les Fusarium spp.. et le voriconazole le plus actif contre les Scedosporium spp. Finalement, nous avons évalué l'activité d'associations d'antifongiques vis-à-vis de Aspergillus spp. Une meilleure activité antifongique était retrouvée avec l'amphotéricine B ou le voriconazole lorsque ces derniers étaient associés aux échinocandines vis-à-vis de A. fumigatus. L'association échinocandine/amphotéricine B a démontré une activité antifongique synergique vis-à-vis de A. terreus, contrairement à l'association échinocandine/voriconazole qui ne démontrait aucune amélioration significative de l'activité antifongique. - The diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases are today increasingly challenged by the emergence of difficult-to-manage situations, such as infections associated with medical devices and invasive fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this thesis was to address these challenges by developing new strategies for eradication of biofilms of difficult-to-treat microorganisms (treatment, part 1) and investigating innovative methods for microbial detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (diagnosis, part 2). The first part of the thesis investigates antimicrobial treatment strategies for infections caused by two less investigated microorganisms, Enterococcus faecalis and Propionibacterium acnes, which are important pathogens causing implant-associated infections. The treatment of implant-associated infections is difficult in general due to reduced susceptibility of bacteria when present in biofilms. We demonstrated an excellent in vitro activity of gentamicin against E. faecalis in stationary growth- phase and were able to confirm the activity against "young" biofilms (3 hours) in an experimental foreign-body infection model (cure rate 50%). The addition of gentamicin improved the activity of daptomycin and vancomycin in vitro, as determined by time-kill curves and microcalorimetry. In vivo, the most efficient combination regimen was daptomycin plus gentamicin (cure rate 55%). Despite a short duration of infection, the cure rates were low, highlighting that enterococcal biofilms remain difficult to treat despite administration of newer antibiotics, such as daptomycin. By establishing a novel in vitro assay for evaluation of anti-biofilm activity (microcalorimetry), we demonstrated that rifampin was the most active antimicrobial against P. acnes biofilms, followed by penicillin G, daptomycin and ceftriaxone. In animal studies we confirmed the anti-biofilm activity of rifampin (cure rate 36% when administered alone), as well as in combination with daptomycin (cure rate 63%), whereas in combination with vancomycin or levofloxacin it showed lower cure rates (46% and 25%, respectively). We further investigated the emergence of rifampin resistance in P. acnes in vitro. Rifampin resistance progressively emerged during exposure to rifampin, if the bacterial concentration was high (108 cfu/ml) with a mutation rate of 10"9. In resistant isolates, five point mutations of the rpoB gene were found in cluster I and II, as previously described for staphylococci and other bacterial species. The second part of the thesis describes a novel real-time method for evaluation of antifungals against molds, based on measurements of the growth-related heat production by isothermal microcalorimetry. Current methods for evaluation of antifungal agents against molds, have several limitations, especially when combinations of antifungals are investigated. We evaluated the activity of amphotericin B, triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin and anidulafungin) against Aspergillus spp. by microcalorimetry. The presence of amphotericin Β or a triazole delayed the heat production in a concentration-dependent manner and the minimal heat inhibition concentration (MHIC) was determined as the lowest concentration inhibiting 50% of the heat produced at 48 h. Due to the different mechanism of action echinocandins, the MHIC for this antifungal class was determined as the lowest concentration lowering the heat-flow peak with 50%. Agreement within two 2-fold dilutions between MHIC and MIC or MEC (determined by CLSI M38A) was 90% for amphotericin B, 100% for voriconazole, 90% for posaconazole and 70% for caspofungin. We further evaluated our assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of non-Aspergillus molds. As determined by microcalorimetry, amphotericin Β was the most active agent against Mucorales and Fusarium spp., whereas voriconazole was the most active agent against Scedosporium spp. Finally, we evaluated the activity of antifungal combinations against Aspergillus spp. Against A. jumigatus, an improved activity of amphotericin Β and voriconazole was observed when combined with an echinocandin. Against A. terreus, an echinocandin showed a synergistic activity with amphotericin B, whereas in combination with voriconazole, no considerable improved activity was observed.

Effects of fertilizer type and rate on partitioning of soil organic matter into pools of different stability

Type and rate of fertilizers influence the level of soil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) markedly, but the effect on C and N partitioning into different pools is open to question. The objectives of the present work were to: (i) quantify the impact of fertilizer type and rate on labile, intermediate and passive C and N pools by using a combination of biological, chemical and mathematical methods; (ii) explain previously reported differences in the soil organic matter (SOM) levels between soils receiving farmyard manure with or without biodynamic preparations by using Corg time series and information on SOM partitioning; and (iii) quantify the long-term and short-term dynamics of SOM in density fractions and microbial biomass as affected by fertilizer type and rate and determine the incorporation of crop residues into labile SOM fractions. Samples were taken from a sandy Cambisol from the long-term fertilization trial in Darmstadt, Germany, founded in 1980. The nine treatments (four field replicates) were: straw incorporation plus application of mineral fertilizer (MSI) and application of rotted farmyard manure with (DYN) or without (FYM) addition of biodynamic preparations, each at high (140 – 150 kg N ha-1 year-1; MSIH, DYNH, FYMH), medium (100 kg N ha-1 year-1; MSIM, DYNM, FYMM) and low (50 – 60 kg N ha-1 year-1; MSIL, DYNL, FYML) rates. The main findings were: (i) The stocks of Corg (t ha-1) were affected by fertilizer type and rate and increased in the order MSIL (23.6), MSIM (23.7), MSIH (24.2) < FYML (25.3) < FYMM (28.1), FYMH (28.1). Stocks of Nt were affected in the same way (C/N ratio: 11). Storage of C and N in the modelled labile pools (turnover times: 462 and 153 days for C and N, respectively) were not influenced by the type of fertilizer (FYM and MSI) but depended significantly (p ≤ 0.05) on the application rate and ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 t C ha 1 (7 – 13% of Corg) and from 90 to 140 kg N ha-1 (4-5% of Nt). In the calculated intermediate pool (C/N ratio 7), stocks of C were markedly higher in FYM treatments (15-18 t ha-1) compared to MSI treatments (12-14 t ha-1). This showed that differences in SOM stocks in the sandy Cambisol induced by fertilizer rate may be short-lived in case of changing management, but differences induced by fertilizer type may persist for decades. (ii) Crop yields, estimated C inputs (1.5 t ha-1 year-1) with crop residue, microbial bio¬mass C (Cmic, 118 – 150 mg kg-1), microbial biomass N (17 – 20 mg kg-1) and labile C and N pools did not differ significantly between FYM and DYN treatments. However, labile C increased linearly with application rate (R2 = 0.53) from 7 to 11% of Corg. This also applied for labile N (3.5 to 4.9% of Nt). The higher contents of Corg in DYN treatments existed since 1982, when the first sampling was conducted for all individual treatments. Contents of Corg between DYN and FYM treatments con-verged slightly since then. Furthermore, at least 30% of the difference in Corg was located in the passive pool where a treatment effect could be excluded. Therefore, the reported differences in Corg contents existed most likely since the beginning of the experiment and, as a single factor of biodynamic agriculture, application of bio-dynamic preparations had no effect on SOM stocks. (iii) Stocks of SOM, light fraction organic C (LFOC, ρ ≤ 2.0 g cm-3), light fraction organic N and Cmic decreased in the order FYMH > FYML > MSIH, MSIL for all sampling dates in 2008 (March, May, September, December). However, statistical significance of treatment effects differed between the dates, probably due to dif-ferences in the spatial variation throughout the year. The high proportion of LFOC on total Corg stocks (45 – 55%) highlighted the importance of selective preservation of OM as a stabilization mechanism in this sandy Cambisol. The apparent turnover time of LFOC was between 21 and 32 years, which agreed very well with studies with substantially longer vegetation change compared to our study. Overall, both approaches; (I) the combination of incubation, chemical fractionation and simple modelling and (II) the density fractionation; provided complementary information on the partitioning of SOM into pools of different stability. The density fractionation showed that differences in Corg stocks between FYM and MSI treatments were mainly located in the light fraction, i.e. induced by higher recalcitrance of the organic input in the FYM treatments. Moreover, the use of the combination of biological, chemical and mathematical methods indicated that effects of fertilizer rate on total Corg and Nt stocks may be short-lived, but that the effect of fertilizer type may persist for longer time spans in the sandy Cambisol.

Causes of legume rotation induced yield increases in cereals grown on West African soils

This study was conducted to investigate soil biological and chemical factors that give rise to cereal yield enhancing effects of legume rotations on sandy, nutrient poor West African soils. The aim was not only to gain more information on the role of legume residues and microorganisms in the soil nutrient cycle. But the study aimed at evaluating if differences in substrate qualities (e.g. root residues) cause changes in the microbial community structure due to specific and highly complex microbe-root-soil interactions. Site and system specific reactions of microorganisms towards rewetting, simulating the onset of rainy season, were observed. Higher respiration rates, higher amounts of microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) as well as higher ergosterol, muramic acid, glucosamine and adenylate concentrations were measured in CL soils of Koukombo and in both soils from Fada. The immediate increase in ATP concentrations after rewetting was likely caused by rehydration of microbial cells where N was not immobilized and, thus, available for plants facilitating their rapid development. Legume root residues led only to slightly better plant performances compared to the control, while the application of cereal roots reduced seedling growth. In contrast to sorghum seedlings, the microbial community did not react to the mineral treatment. Thus the energy supply in form of organic amendments increased microbial indices compared to mineral P application and the control. The results of basal respiration rates, Cmic and Corg levels indicate that the microbial community in the soil from Koukombo is less efficient in substrate use compared to microorganisms in the soil from Fada. However, the continuous carbon input by legume root residues might have contributed to these differences in soil fertility. With the 33P isotopic exchange method a low buffering capacity was detected in both soils irrespective of treatments. Calculated E values (E1min to E1min-1d and E1d-3m) indicated a slowly release of P due to root turnover while applied mineral P is taken up by plants or fixed to the soil. Due to the fact that sorghum growth reacted mainly to the application of mineral P and the microorganisms solely to the organic inputs, the combination of both amendments seems to be the best approach to a sustainable increase of crop production on many nutrient-poor, sandy West African soils. In a pot experiment, were CC and CL soils from Fada and Koukombo were adjusted to the same level of P and N concentrations, crop growth was significantly higher on CL soils, compared to the respective treatments on CC soils. Mycorrhizal infection of roots was increased and the number of nematodes, predominantly free living nematodes, was almost halfed on rotation soils. In conclusion, increased nutrient availability (especially P and N) through the introduction of legumes is not the only reason for the observed yield increasing effects. Soil biological factors seem to also play an important role. In a root chamber experiment the pH gradient along the root-soil-interface was measured at three times using an antimony microelectrode. For Fada soils, pH values were higher on CL than CC soils while the opposite was true for the Koukombo soils. Site-specific differences between Fada and Koukombo soils in N content and microbial community structures might have created varying crop performances leading to the contrasting pH findings. However, the mechanisms involved in this highly complex microbe-root-soil interaction remain unclear.

Héroes y villanos de ficción al servicio de la ciencia.

El objetivo principal que se ha planteado a la hora de desarrollar este proyecto de innovación fue el de desarrollar una serie de materiales, estrategias y actividades concretas que, una vez incluídas en nuestras programaciones didácticas, permitieran la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, fomentando así el interés de los alumnos por las disciplinas científicas haciendo hincapié en sus relaciones interdisciplinares. Hemos realizado una reflexión sobre las implicaciones didácticas la utilización del cine, el cómic y la literatura en el aula. A través del desarrollo del proyecto, hemos hecho una selección de películas, cómics y lecturas para incluirlas en el desarrollo de la programación de las asignaturas de Física y Química de tercero y cuarto ESO y primero de Bachillerato, Métodos de la Ciencia y Ética, para posteriormente investigar si el uso de estos nuevos recursos influye en las actitudes de los alumnos ante la ciencia y sus implicaciones en los distintos aspectos de la sociedad. Se ha investigado la visión del científico en el imaginario colectivo del alumnado. Las actividades con ellos se han desarrollado a través de actividades de aula complementarias y extraescolares. Además, han elaborado un material gráfico y audiovisual que se ha concretado en una pequeña investigación.

Las clases de un clásico : arde la Celestina.

Esta obra se acompaña del resultado del trabajo de taller literario propuesto y titulado como el subtítulo de esta publicación

Análisis de las construcciones narrativas del espacio y del tiempo en los cómics de los escolares de tercer ciclo de enseñanza primaria.

Analizar las peculiaridades discursivas de los cómics realizados por el alumnado de tercer ciclo de Enseñanza Primaria, con la intención de comprender los procesos, habilidades y estrategias que los niños de 10 a 12 años utilizan cuando narran con imágenes y palabras. La creación de este tipo de textos supone el dominio, por parte de sus autores, de habilidades relacionadas con la construcción narrativa - el espacio y el tiempo-, con el lenguaje gráfico, el escrito y el código verboicónico del cómic. La metodología utilizada se encuadra en el paradigma interpretativo, desarrollando estrategias propias del modelo ecológico y de investigación-acción que posibilitan el análisis de los cómics realizados teniendo en cuenta el contexto escolar en el que se realiza la investigación. La realización de las pruebas se ha llevado a cabo a lo largo de cuatro cursos escolares, el alumnado participante en la investigación son niños y niñas de quinto y sexto curso del tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria, con unas edades que van de los 10 a los 12 años. Su número, por grupo-aula, oscila entre los 24 y 27 alumnos. Las conclusiones abordan, principalmente, los modelos narrativos utilizados por los niños participantes en la investigación, diferenciando las características y las principales dificultades detectadas en ellos en cuanto a la construcción del espacio, del tiempo y uso del código del cómic. Finalmente, se abordan una serie de implicaciones educativas derivadas de la investigación, centradas en las estrategias de alfabetización con los diferentes lenguajes.

Sol y Darío.

Publicación en forma de cómic para alumnado entre 11 y 14 años, dirigida a concienciar a los escolares sobre la realidad social de la población con discapacidad asociada a limitaciones en la movilidad. Desarrolla de forma amena y fácilmente comprensible, las dificultades de accesibilidad, desplazamiento, movilidad, acceso y alcance que tiene el alumnado, y en general las personas con dicha discapacidad, así como las alternativas y mecanismos que dan respuesta y solucionan estas dificultades.

La comunicación audiovisual y el desarrollo de las competencias básicas.

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Ayudas a la innovación e investigación educativa en centros docentes de niveles no universitarios, Gobierno de Aragón 2009-10

Mousse de Quarck

Vinyeta d'un còmic ambientat en un laboratori de recerca