Universidad, pensamiento sociológico y estructura social.

Análisis del pensamiento sociológico de la Universidad española de este siglo. Análisis de la estructura social de la Universidad española. Demostrar la imposibilidad de una estructura democrática para la universidad española hasta 1939, y también su debilidad ante las fuerzas sociales (internacionales y de política interna). El estudio utilizó para la muestra fuentes documentales existentes sobre el objeto de trabajo. Investigación descriptiva que utiliza un método histórico y que analiza, a través del estudio de las teorías sociológicas de los distintos autores de la época, desde distintas perspectivas, en distintas sociedades, y en diferentes etapas económicas y políticas, el pensamiento sociológico sobre la Universidad. Todos los sociólogos clásicos y los críticos marxistas, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, han generado ideas sobre la Universidad. Había una dependencia de la Universidad del sistema capitalista mundial. Gran expansión de la Universidad española en los años 70. Hasta 1977, hay una baja financiación de la Universidad española. Desde 1939 a 1951, gran función política del bando vencedor en la guerra. De 1951 a 1960, la Universidad va al unísono de la política y economía e intenta liberalizar su estructura. De 1968 a 1971, es una época de estudiantes radicales. 1978 es el año de la Autonomía universitaria.

Los silencios de la «ciencia» : notas para repensar el debate sobre la enseñanza de la historia nacional

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Vida y obra de Pere Torroella

"ADVERTIMENT. La versió definitiva d'aquesta tesi doctoral està en premsa a l'editorial Barcino, Col·lecció Els Nostres Clàssics, Barcelona. En la nova versió s'hi han introduit nombroses millores, nous capítols i correccions importants. Es prega que, per a qualsevol citació, s'utilitzi la versió definitiva" Pere de Torroella ingresó en la corte de Juan de Navarra (luego Juan II de Aragón) en 1436, a quien sirvió como escudero y copero tanto en las escaramuzas de Castilla como en la corte de Navarra, donde fue sirviente de Carlos de Aragón, Príncipe de Viana e hijo del rey Juan. A finales de 1450 se trasladó a Nápoles junto don Juan de Aragón, hijo bastardo de Juan de Navarra. Permaneció allí hasta la muerte del rey Alfonso el Magnánimo en 1458. Durante esos años entabló amistad con humanistas como Giovanni Pontano, y ejerció de mayordomo del príncipe bastardo Juan II de Aragón, a quien Pere Torroella sirvió durante toda su vida. A finales de 1450 se trasladó a Nápoles junto don Juan de Aragón, hijo bastardo de Juan de Navarra. Permaneció allí hasta la muerte del rey Alfonso el Magnánimo en 1458. Durante esos años entabló amistad con humanistas como Giovanni Pontano, y ejerció de mayordomo del príncipe bastardo. En 1458, tras la muerte del rey Alfonso y el ascenso al trono de su hermano Juan, Pere Torroella se trasladó a Zaragoza y Barcelona como emisario de Carlos de Viana, a quien sirvió hasta su muerte, en 1461. Un año después, en 1462, estalló la guerra civil catalana (que enfrentó a la Generalitat de Catalunya y a la monarquía aragonesa), y Torroella luchó en los primeros años junto a los rebeldes. En 1464 se pasó al bando real, al que permaneció fiel hasta el final de la guerra, en 1472. Desde 1472 hasta su muerte (acaecida seguramente en 1492), Pere Torroella ejerció de consejero del rey Juan II en Barcelona, pero tras la muerte del rey en 1479 se retiró a sus dominios en el Ampurdán, donde murió. Pere Torroella es autor de obra en catalán y en castellano. En la primera lengua compuso lais, canciones al estilo de Ausiàs March, un soneto (el primero documentado en lengua catalana) y un ambicioso poema colectivo que empieza con el verso Tant mon voler. En castellano, es autor de decires amorosos, canciones y esparzas. También mantuvo un intenso intercambio epistolar con influyentes personalidades de las cortes aragonesas, como Francesc Ferrer, Hugo de Urríes, Bernat Hug de Rocabertí y Pedro de Urrea. Compuso, finalmente, varias composiciones en prosa de alto interés histórico y literario, como la Complanta por la muerte de Inés de Clèves (1448), la Consolatoria por la muerte de mosén Martín de Ansa (1451) y el Razonamiento en defensión de las donas, donde el autor se excusa por haber compuesto las famosas coplas de Maldezir de mugeres. Torroella fue una figura central en las cortes aragonesas de la época, y su obra literaria alcanzó gran difusión y estima entre los hombres de su siglo, como muestran sus epistolarios y los autores que decidieron imitar sus versos. Fue, por otro lado, un poeta sensible a las novedades líricas del momento. Asimiló los aspectos más superficiales de la poesía de Ausiàs March, conoció y admiró los versos de Petrarca, leyó con fruición la lírica francesa (y especialmente Oton de Grandson y Guillaume de Machaut), e imitó con destreza las poesía musical de Jordi de Sant Jordi y Martí Garcia. No siempre su gran cultura se vio reflejada en la calidad de sus obras, que presentan, sin embargo, un indudable interés para la historia de la literatura.

Mujeres silenciosas, mujeres silenciadas: Peruanas víctimas de violencia sexual en el conflicto armado interno 1980-2000

Señalan las voces expertas que una de las principales consecuencias de la violación sexual es dejarte muda, silenciarte, vivir con la certeza de que gritaste pero nadie escucho, es transformar la culpa en vergüenza. En el Perú el silencio ha cubierto lo que mujeres campesinas y asháninkas susurran: sus cuerpos fueron botín de guerra de las Fuerzas Armadas y los grupos subversivos. La violación sexual fue sistemática y masiva. Pero entre las masacres, desapariciones y torturas de uno y otro bando, lo que las mujeres vivían en sus cuerpos no tenía y tiene suficiente importancia. Hasta hoy no existe un solo caso judicializado y ningún culpable tras las rejas. El informe de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación en el Perú, CVR, concluyó que las mujeres, por el hecho de serlo, fueron víctimas singulares de un conjunto de delitos y atentados contra su dignidad y sus derechos humanos que vulneraron fundamentalmente el territorio más privado e intimo: su cuerpo y su libertad sexual. Estas violaciones a sus derechos humanos son expresión de situaciones previas de desigualdad de género, étnicas y sociales. El conflicto armado se instala en un contexto de autoritarismo, violencia contra la mujer, discriminación y exclusión social.

Negros misturados: um estudo de caso sobre identidades negras em Mossoró-RN

With more or less 213.000 habitants, Mossoró is the second more developed city from the Rio Grande do Norte. The town is proclamated like the land of freedom. To so far, exist four moments in your history related with the defence of freedom that is point like truthful from so proclamation. Suchlike happenings are the first female vote on Brazil, the resistance against the Lampião s band, the worman s mutiny and the slave release in 1883, five year before the Áurea law sanction. These happenings are commemorate yearly on setember with one big theatrical event called by the freedom high. Inside this contexto of exaltation to freedom, there is one black movement by name black and beautiful. Is the present dissertation, talked about the building of black identities between the black militants of Mossoró and the dwellers from the Santo Antônio district. With such approach, we intend to think about possibles differences or likeness, how the militants and dwellers from the refered district self-calleds like blacks or not. We are understanding black identity like one process to self-affirmation done by specificities of the social context and the individual particularity. This way, the identity change into one dynamic and contextual reality, gone always by one business process against the interaction of the social actors. So we search to discuss the specificities that involve the process to building of black identities in the city of freedom

Análise de superfícies seletivas de freqüência para aplicações em ondas milimétricas

This work consists in the development of a theoretical and numerical analysis for frequency selective surfaces (FSS) structures with conducting patch elements, such as rectangular patches, thin dipoles and cross dipoles, on anisotropic dielectric substrates. The analysis is developed for millimeter wave band applications. The analytical formulation is developed in the spectral domain, by using a rigorous technique known as equivalent transmission line method, or immitance approach. The numerical analysis is completed through the use of the Galerkin's technique in the Fourier transform domain, using entire-domain basis functions. In the last decades, several sophisticated analytical techniques have been developed for FSS structure applications. Within these applications, it can be emphasized the use of FSS structures on reflecting antennas and bandpass radomes. In the analysis, the scattered fields of the FSS geometry are related to the surface induced currents on the conducting patches. After the formulation of the scattering problem, the numerical solution is obtained by using the moment method. The choice of the basis functions plays a very important role in the numerical efficiency of the numerical method, once they should provide a very good approximation to the real current distributions on the FSS analyzed structure. Thereafter, the dyadic Green's function components are obtained in order to evaluate the basis functions unknown coefficients. To accomplish that, the Galerkin's numerical technique is used. Completing the formulation, the incident fields are determined through the incident potential, and as a consequence the FSS transmission and reflection characteristics are determined, as function of the resonant frequency and structural parameters. The main objective of this work was to analyze FSS structures with conducting patch elements, such as thin dipoles, cross dipoles and rectangular patches, on anisotropic dielectric substrates, for high frequency applications. Therefore, numerical results for the FSS structure main characteristics were obtained in the millimeter wave bando Some of these FSS characteristics are the resonant

Taxonomia e biogeografia da espécie politípica Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus (TEMMINCK, 1822) (Aves: THAMNOPHILIDAE)

The genus Herpsilochmus is composed mainly of cryptic species, among them is Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, which is currently represented by four subspecies: H. r. rufimarginatus, H. r. frater, H. r. scapularis and H. r. exiguus. Differences in plumage and vocalization suggest that there are more than one species involved in this complex. Thus this and other subspecific taxa need urgent revision, the disjunct distribution of this species also allows us to infer the relationship between birds that occur in this biome and / or different centers of endemism. This study aims to make a taxonomic revision of the taxa included in the complex time Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus based on morphological, morphometric, vocals and geographical distribution of this bird. Besides creating distribution models current potential and make the reconstruction of the distribution bygone using ecological niche modeling, and testing the niche conservatism and divergence between different subspecies. Consultations for examination of the skins of specimens of the museums: Museum of Zoology, University of São Paulo (MZUSP), National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MN) and Emilio Goeldi Museum of Pará (MPEG), and the skins deposited at the collection of Ornithological Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (COUFRN). We studied the following measures length of specimens: exposed culmen, culmen and total culmen nostril, tarsus, wing and tail flattened. The voice analysis was performed with vocalizations banks and / or digital banks people where 17 voice parameters were measured. This information and more available in the literature were used to assemble a bunch of data under the limit distribution of taxa and generate ecological niche models. This analyzes carried out in the program Maxent, having as model selection criterion the AUC, and the models were greater than 0.80 are considered good models. Environmental data for the realization of the modeling were downloaded on the website of Worldclim. The morphometric information, vocals and geographic distribution point for the separation of these taxa to be considering various uni and multivariate analyzes. The potential distribution models performed well (AUC> 0.80), and its distribution associated with environmental characteristics of the Amazon forest and Atlantic forest (forests of south and southeast, northeast and forest). The reconstruction of the distribution indicates a possible contact between the southern part of the Atlantic forest in the northern part of the Amazon. The analysis of niche overlap showed a low overlap between taxa and comparisons between the null model and the generated overlay link probably occurring niche conservatism. The data suggest that the taxa that occur in the Amazon and Atlantic forest represent three distinct species

Foot-trembling behavior in Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus reveals prey on surface of Brazilian beaches

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O uso de praias arenosas com diferentes concentrações humanas por espécies de aves limícolas (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) neárticas no sudeste do Brasil

As aves migratórias podem reconhecer humanos e animais domésticos como possíveis predadores, alterando seus padrões de abundância e comportamento de formação de bandos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a abundância de aves migratórias neárticas, a freqüência de bandos e o número médio de aves por bando em áreas com alta e baixa concentração humana em uma região costeira de praia arenosa no sudeste do Brasil. As aves, pessoas e cães foram contados mensalmente entre novembro de 2006 a abril de 2007. Foram registradas seis espécies de aves (Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris canutus, Calidris pusilla, Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis dominica) nas duas áreas, no entanto somente C. canutus foi registrado exclusivamente na área com baixa concentração humana. Houve diferença significativa no número médio de pessoas e cães entre as áreas, mas não no número médio de aves. Não houve correlação entre o número de humanos e aves, e entre cães e aves. Adicionalmente, não houve diferença significativa na freqüência de bandos e número de indivíduos por bando entre as áreas. Os resultados deste estudo destacaram a sensibilidade de C. canutus na área com alta concentração humana e a necessidade de futuras investigações que determinem os limites máximos de concentração de pessoas e cães domésticos que as aves migratórias neárticas podem tolerar para a tomada de ações de proteção em áreas costeiras com ocupação humana.

Image analysis for assessing broiler breeder behavior response to thermal environment

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A system for environmental monitoring of hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil

Environmental monitoring of aquatic systems is an important tool to support policy makers and environmental managers' decisions. Long-term, continuous collection of environmental data is fundamental to the understanding of an aquatic system. This paper aims to present the integrated system for environmental monitoring (SIMA), a long-term temporal series system with a web-based archive for limnological and meteorological data. The following environmental parameters are measured by SIMA: chlorophyll-a (µgL-1), water surface temperature (ºC), water column temperature by a thermistor string (ºC), turbidity (NTU), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg L-1), electric conductivity (µS cm-1), wind speed (ms-1) and direction (º), relative humidity (%), shortwave radiation (Wm-2) and barometric pressure (hPa). The data were collected in a preprogrammed time interval (1 hour) and were transmitted by satellite in quasi-real time for any user within 2500 km of the acquisition point. So far, 11 hydroelectric reservoirs are being monitored with the SIMA buoy. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an example of the temporal series of some parameters were displayed at a database with web access. However, sensor and satellite problems occurred due to the high data acquisition frequency. Sensors problems occurred due to the environmental characteristics of each aquatic system. Water quality sensors rapidly degrade in acidic waters, rendering the collected data invalid. Data is also rendered invalid when sensors become infested with periphyton. Problems occur with the satellites' reception of system data when satellites pass over the buoy antenna. However, the data transfer at some inland locations was not completed due to the satellite constellation position. Nevertheless, the integrated system of water quality and meteorological parameters is an important tool in understanding the aquatic system dynamic. It can also be used to create hydrodynamics models of the aquatic system to allow for the study of meteorological implications to the water body.

Implementação de um sistema de informação para cartas de sensibilidade ambiental a derrames de óleo e elaboração de mapas de vulnerabilidade ambiental a derrames de óleo para o município de Caraguatatuba-SP

Fossil fuels are the main energy sources of the modern industrial age. Very sophisticated processes have been developed to extract these resources, due to increased demand on a global scale, as the extraction of oil. However, the complexity of these processes can cause accidents such as the release of oil to seas and oceans. In this context, this study proposes to carry out the implementation of a system of information to charts of environmental sensitivity to oil and prepare maps of vulnerability to oil for the city of Caraguatatuba-SP. The implementation of the database with geographical information of coastal environments was appropriate to be provided by the Internet, allowing wide access of data. The maps of vulnerability are important tool developed for the Individual Emergency Plans, because they were developed in operational scale, appropriate to actions to combat oil.

Sertão, literatura e cinema: um diálogo entre José Lins do Rego e Glauber Rocha

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Sertão, literatura e cinema: um diálogo entre José Lins do Rego e Glauber Rocha

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Determination of flagellar types by PCR-RFLP analysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains isolated from animals in Sao Paulo, Brazil

This study evaluated the polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of fliC for typing flagella antigen (H) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coil (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains isolated from different animals. The molecular typing of the H type was efficient in the determination of 93 (85%) strains. Two nonmotile (H-) E. coil strains showed a PCR-RFLP electrophoretic profile that did not match known H type patterns. The fliC nucleotide sequence of strains B2N and 4a revealed a nucleotide substitution at the restriction site and a nucleotide insertion that generated a stop codon, respectively. The results of this study showed that PCR-RFLP analysis of fliC is faster, less laborious and as efficient for the determination of H type E. coli isolated from animals, compared to serotyping and that it is useful in determining H type in nonmotile strains and strains expressing non-reactive H antigens. Moreover, the fliC sequence of strain B2N suggests that we could have found a new flagellin antigen type. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.