Observation of Two-Source Interference in the Photoproduction Reaction AuAu -> AuAu rho(0)

In ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a photon from the electromagnetic field of one nucleus can fluctuate to a quark-antiquark pair and scatter from the other nucleus, emerging as a rho(0). The rho(0) production occurs in two well-separated (median impact parameters of 20 and 40 F for the cases considered here) nuclei, so the system forms a two-source interferometer. At low transverse momenta, the two amplitudes interfere destructively, suppressing rho(0) production. Since the rho(0) decays before the production amplitudes from the two sources can overlap, the two-pion system can only be described with an entangled nonlocal wave function, and is thus an example of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. We observe this suppression in 200 GeV per nucleon-pair gold-gold collisions. The interference is 87%+/- 5%(stat.)+/- 8%(syst.) of the expected level. This translates into a limit on decoherence due to wave function collapse or other factors of 23% at the 90% confidence level.

Hadronic resonance production in d+Au collisions at root S(NN) = 200 GeV measured at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

We present the first measurements of the rho(770)(0),K(*)(892),Delta(1232)(++),Sigma(1385), and Lambda(1520) resonances in d+Au collisions at s(NN)=200 GeV, reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels using the STAR detector (the solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider). The masses and widths of these resonances are studied as a function of transverse momentum p(T). We observe that the resonance spectra follow a generalized scaling law with the transverse mass m(T). The < p(T)> of resonances in minimum bias collisions are compared with the < p(T)> of pi,K, and p. The rho(0)/pi(-),K(*)/K(-),Delta(++)/p,Sigma(1385)/Lambda, and Lambda(1520)/Lambda ratios in d+Au collisions are compared with the measurements in minimum bias p+p interactions, where we observe that both measurements are comparable. The nuclear modification factors (R(dAu)) of the rho(0),K(*), and Sigma(*) scale with the number of binary collisions (N(bin)) for p(T)> 1.2 GeV/c.

Airway smooth muscle thickness in asthma is related to severity but not duration of asthma

Asthma is characterised by an increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) area (ASMarea) within the airway wall. The present study examined the relationship of factors including severity and duration of asthma to ASMarea. The perimeter of the basement membrane (PBM) and ASMarea were measured on transverse sections of large and small airways from post mortem cases of fatal (n=107) and nonfatal asthma (n=37) and from control subjects (n=69). The thickness of ASM (ASMarea/PBM) was compared between asthma groups using multivariate linear regression. When all airways were considered together, ASMarea/PBM (in millimetres) was increased in nonfatal (median 0.04; interquartile range 0.013-0.051; p=0.034) and fatal cases of asthma (0.048; 0.025-0.078; p<0.001) compared with controls (0.036; 0.024-0.042). Compared with cases of nonfatal asthma, ASMarea/PBM was greater in cases of fatal asthma in large (p<0.001) and medium (p<0.001), but not small, airways. ASMarea/PBM was not related to duration of asthma, age of onset of asthma, sex or smoking. No effect due to study centre, other than that due to sampling strategy, was found. The thickness of the ASM layer is increased in asthma and is related to the severity of asthma but not its duration.

The impact of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder on the treatment response of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Few case series studies have addressed the issue of treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and there are no prospective studies addressing response to conventional treatment in OCD patients with a history of trauma (HT). The present study aimed to investigate, prospectively, the impact of HT or PTSD on two systematic, first-line treatments for OCD. Two hundred and nineteen non-treatment-resistant OCD outpatients were treated with either group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT n = 147) or monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI n = 72). Presence of HT and PTSD were assessed at intake, as part of a broader clinical and demographical baseline characterization of the sample. Severity and types of OCD symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the Dimensional YBOCS (DYBOCS), respectively. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Both treatments had 12-week duration. Treatment response was considered as a categorical [35% or greater reduction in baseline YBOCS scores plus a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement rating of better (2) or much better (1)] and continuous variable (absolute number reduction in baseline YBOCS scores). Treatment response was compared between the OCD + HT group versus the OCD without HT group and between the OCD + PTSD group versus the OCD without PTSD group. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used when indicated. Data on HT and PTSD were available for 215 subjects. Thirty-eight subjects (17.67% of the whole sample) had a positive HT (OCD + HT group) and 22 subjects (57.89% of the OCD + HT group and 10.23% of the whole sample) met full DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. The OCD + HT and OCD without HT groups presented similar response to GCBT (60% of responders in the first group and 63% of responders in the second group, p = 1.00). Regarding SSRI treatment, the difference between the response of the OCD + HT (47.4%) and OCD without HT (22.2%) groups was marginally significant (p = 0.07). In addition, the OCD + PTSD group presented a greater treatment response than the OCD without PTSD group when treatment response was considered as a continuous variable (p = 0.01). The age when the first trauma occurred had no impact on treatment response. In terms of specific OCD symptom dimensions, as measured by the DYBOCS, OCD treatment fostered greater reductions for the OCD + PTSD group than for the OCD without PTSD group in the scores of contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions, collecting and hoarding and miscellaneous obsessions and related compulsions (including illness concerns and mental rituals, among others). The OCD + PTSD group also presented a greater reduction in anxiety scores than the OCD without PTSD group (p = 0.003). The presence of HT or PTSD was not related to a poorer treatment response in this sample of non-treatment-resistant OCD patients. Unexpectedly, OCD patients with PTSD presented a greater magnitude of response when compared with OCD without PTSD patients in specific OCD symptom dimensions. Future studies are needed to clarify if trauma and PTSD have a more significant impact on the onset and clinical expression of OCD than on the conventional treatment for this condition, and whether OCD stemming from trauma would constitute a subtype of OCD with a distinct response to conventional treatment.

Further psychometric study of the Beck Anxiety Inventory including factorial analysis and social anxiety disorder screening

Objective. To analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in terms of its internal consistency, scores distribution, concurrent and discriminant validity, and factorial analysis in a sample of university students and social anxiety disorder (SAD) cases and non-cases. Methods. A sample of Brazilian university students from the general population (N = 2314) and a sample of university students identified as cases (N = 88) and non-cases (N = 90) of SAD were assessed, using as a parameter the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. The different instruments were completed individually in the presence of an experienced rater. Results. The BAI showed adequate internal consistency (0.88-0.92) and discriminant validity, with 0.74 sensitivity and 0.71 specificity for a cut-off score of 10. The factorial analysis suggested a three-factor solution to be the most adequate. Conclusions. The version of the BAI studied is quite adequate to be used in the context of Brazilian university students, identifying the presence of anxiety indicators. However, its usefulness to screen for SAD seems limited.

Study of the psychometric qualities of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) in Brazilian university students

Purpose: To perform a psychometric analysis of the Brazilian version of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS). Materials and methods: Hundred and seventy-eight university students of both genders aged on average 21.2 years and identified as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) cases and non-cases was studied, with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV being used as a parameter. The different instruments were applied in an individual manner in the presence of a rater and of an observer. Results: The BSPS showed adequate internal consistency (0.48-0.88) and concurrent and divergent validity with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (0.21-0.62), Social Phobia Inventory (0.24-0.82) and Self Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SSPS) (0.23-0.31). Discriminative validity revealed a sensitivity of 0.88-0.90 and a specificity of 0.81(0.83 for cut-off notes of 18/19. Factorial analysis demonstrated the presence of six factors that jointly explained 71.79% of data variance. Construct validity indicated some limits of the scale regarding the diagnosis of SAD. Inter-rater reliability was strong (0.86-1.00, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The BSPS is adequate for use with university students, although further studies in different cultures, samples and contexts are still necessary. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Análise de viabilidade da criação de socalcos em Lacluta, Timor Leste

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza.

Colistin and anti-Gram-positive bacterial agents against Acinetobacter baumannii

Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii has attained an alarming level of resistance to antibacterial drugs. Clinicians are now considering the use of older agents or unorthodox combinations of licensed drugs against multidrug-resistant strains to bridge the current treatment gap. We investigated the in vitro activities of combination treatments that included colistin with vancomycin, norvancomycin or linezolid against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods The fractional inhibitory concentration index and time-kill assays were used to explore the combined effects of colistin with vancomycin, norvancomycin or linezolid against 40 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to evaluate the interactions in response to the combination of colistin and vancomycin. Results The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin and norvancomycin for half of the isolates decreased below the susceptibility break point, and the MIC of linezolid for one isolate was decreased to the blood and epithelial lining fluid concentration using the current dosing regimen. When vancomycin or norvancomycin was combined with subinhibitory doses of colistin, the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii test samples were eradicated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that subinhibitory doses of colistin were able to disrupt the outer membrane, facilitating a disruption of the cell wall and leading to cell lysis. Conclusions Subinhibitory doses of colistin significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of vancomycin, norvancomycin, and linezolid against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

A prática da hidroginástica como tratamento complementar para pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade

OBJETIVO: Analisar a efetividade da hidroginástica, como auxiliar terapêutico à redução do nível de ansiedade, em mulheres diagnosticadas com transtorno de ansiedade. MÉTODOS: Este ensaio clínico teve a participação de pacientes com ansiedade, sendo a depressão a comorbidade existente, do programa de Residência Médica em Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário de Maringá, todas em tratamento com medicamentos (n = 16: grupo experimental = 8; grupo-controle = 8). O experimento foi realizado na piscina aquecida do Departamento de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. O delineamento do estudo foi elaborado com duas sessões de hidroginástica por semana, durante 12 semanas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e o Perfil de Estado de Humor (POMS). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Friedman, o Teste de Wilcoxon, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e Comparações Múltiplas, adotando significância em 5%. RESULTADOS: Os escores do transtorno de ansiedade tiveram redução no grupo experimental, após 12 semanas de intervenção (19,12 ± 3,12 para 8,37 ± 4,60 pontos, P = 0,0005*), e no grupo-controle (17,87 ± 14,32 para 12,12 ± 9,58 pontos, P = 0,254). Para o perfil do estado de humor, o grupo experimental evidenciou perfil de saúde mental positiva, enquanto o grupo-controle demonstrou perfil negativo de estado de humor. CONCLUSÕES: Portanto, as pacientes do grupo experimental evidenciaram significativa redução do nível de ansiedade em relação às pacientes do grupo-controle, que utilizaram apenas o tratamento convencional com medicamentos. Para o perfil do estado de humor, foram encontradas alterações no decorrer do estudo; o grupo-controle experimentou alteração negativa de humor durante o ensaio clínico, enquanto os pacientes do grupo experimental evidenciaram perfil positivo de estado de humor com redução da tensão, depressão, raiva, confusão e aumento do vigor.

Relação entre o craving por tabaco e o craving por crack em pacientes internados para desintoxicação

OBJETIVO: Verificar se há relação entre aumento do craving por crack e aumento do craving por tabaco em pacientes internados para desintoxicação. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico tipo quase-experimental de análise quantitativa. Amostra composta por 32 homens dependentes de cocaína (crack) e tabaco, em duas a três semanas de abstinência. Realizou-se intervenção em grupo, no qual, inicialmente, foram aplicados: CCQB (Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief ), QSUB (Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief ) e BAI (Inventário Beck de Ansiedade). Em seguida, foram aplicadas imagens relacionadas ao crack e reaplicados CCQB, QSUB e BAI. Após, foi realizada entrevista individual em que se aplicaram FSD (Ficha com Dados Sociodemográficos) e FTND (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence). RESULTADOS: A partir da exposição de imagens relativas ao crack, houve aumento significativo do craving por crack, do craving por tabaco e dos sintomas de ansiedade, estando essas medidas correlacionadas positivamente entre si. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam uma associação significativa entre craving por crack e craving por tabaco, sugerindo que a abstinência de tabaco pode ajudar na eficácia do tratamento para dependência de crack.

Ansiedade e baixo nível motivacional associados ao fracasso na cessação do tabagismo

Objetivo Analisar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas, status do tabagismo, grau de motivação, nível de ansiedade, depressão e de estresse com o fracasso em pacientes de um programa de cessação de tabagismo. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal realizado com pacientes que procuraram os programas de cessação do tabagismo de Cuiabá/MT, Brasil. Todos os fumantes matriculados no início desses programas, durante o período de maio a agosto de 2012, foram convidados a participar deste estudo, totalizando 216 pacientes. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário Perfil Sociodemográfico, Teste de Fagerström (FTND), URICA, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL). Os dados foram digitados duplamente em programa Epidata versão 3.1, e para análise dos dados foi utilizado um modelo de regressão de Poisson. Resultados Foram encontradas associações do fracasso terapêutico com as seguintes variáveis: faixa etária jovem (RP = 1,68; IC 95% 1,11-2,56); menor tempo de tabagismo (RP = 1,32; IC 95% 1,09-1,61); maior consumo de cigarros/dia (RP = 1,24; IC 95% 1,01-1,52) e menor grau de motivação (RP = 1,55; IC 95% 1,04-2,30). No modelo final (RPa), ficaram associadas ao fracasso as variáveis: menor tempo de tabagismo (RPa 1,53; IC 95% 1,07-2,32), maior carga tabágica (RPa 1,48; IC 95% 1,12-1,95), baixo nível de motivação (RPa 1,58; IC 95% 1,07-2,32) e alto nível de ansiedade (RPa 1,22; IC 95% 1,01-1,48). Conclusão Baixo nível motivacional (Contemplação e Pré-contemplação), alto nível de ansiedade (moderado/grave), menor tempo de tabagismo e alta carga tabágica estão associados ao fracasso terapêutico.