Uber phosphorhaltige Derivate des 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-5-Chlorpyrazols.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitat zu Rostock.

Ueber die additionsfahigkeit des dimethyl-1-3-cyclohexenon-5.

Thesis (doctoral)--

LUCAS 13,1-5 MEM��RIA PERIGOSA DAS V��TIMAS

O seguinte trabalho desenvolve o tema da viol��ncia contra o movimento popular na Galil��ia, segundo o texto de Lucas 13,1-5. Esse texto n��o tem paralelo nas outras duas fontes sin��ticas, nem em Jo��o, nem em Tom��, nem no grupo Galileu que escreveu a fonte Q; quanto a esses eventos hist��ricos que narra o texto, n��o h�� refer��ncia nem em Fl��vio Josefo, nem em outros historiadores da ��poca. Isso quer dizer, que estes vers��culos s��o uma fonte pr��pria de Lucas, uma fonte aut��noma, chamada por alguns como fonte L (ou fonte S). A abordagem deste texto de Lucas, feita por grande parte de pesquisadores na ��rea b��blica, preocupa-se com os temas de pecado e arrependimento, deixando na margem a situa����o das v��timas e as amea��as de Jesus para seus ouvintes. Neste sentido, este trecho de Lucas �� de grande import��ncia. Estes vers��culos expressam a realidade s��cio -pol��tica. Seu conte��do �� um sinal de conflito e de den��ncia contra o sistema imperial romano que n��o passou desapercebido para o redator do texto e nem para o seu audit��rio. Trata-se, portanto, da mem��ria das v��timas da opress��o. Apresentamos a seguir, a pesquisa em tr��s cap��tulos esbo��ados brevemente. O primeiro descreve o agir espec��fico dos procuradores ou governadores romanos, nas prov��ncias comandadas por eles; ao mesmo tempo, a rea����o do povo e os seus protestos. A nossa ��nfase recair�� sobre o procurador romano P��ncio Pilatos. Nos valeremos das fontes b��blicas, extra-b��blicas e pseudo-ep��grafas. No final, destacaremos a relev��ncia e o papel central do texto Lucas 13,1-5. No segundo cap��tulo, o centro ser�� a exegese de Lucas 13,1-5, relacionando-o com o contexto maior que, em nosso caso, �� chamado itiner��rio de viagem para Jerusal��m , e com um contexto imediato que �� o capitulo 13 de Lucas. No final, perguntaremos pelo grupo ou grupos que podem estar por tr��s destes vers��culos, e a import��ncia da fonte L, como fonte primeira que se insere no Evangelho de Lucas. O texto de Lucas 13,1-5 aparece como texto aut��nomo, mem��ria das v��timas; ele contrasta com a vis��o moderada dos relatos da Paix��o nos sin��ticos, frente a uma realidade de opress��o. O terceiro cap��tulo constitui-se num ensaio de articula����o destes dois cap��tulos com a realidade atual, especificamente com a situa����o de guerra, viol��ncia e morte na Col��mbia, junto aos esfor��os atuais por reconstruir a mem��ria das v��timas do povo colombiano, mem��ria que d�� sentido e dignifica a oferenda de suas vidas.(AU)

UMA ��NALISE EXEG��TICA DA POR����O DE MIQUEIAS 2,1-5: A SITUA����O SOCIOECON��MICA EM JUD�� E SUAS IMPLICA����ES NA HERAN��A DOS CAMPONESES NA SEFEL�� JUDA��TA NO S��CULO VIII A.C.

Esta pesquisa procura examinar, �� luz da metodologia exeg��tica, a per��cope de Miqueias 2,1-5, a fim de reconstruir o cen��rio no qual emergiu a dura cr��tica social do profeta. O texto apresenta, em sua an��lise liter��ria, caracter��sticas de um dito prof��tico coeso, em estilo po��tico. Sua estrutura encontra-se dividida em duas unidades (den��ncia e castigo), sendo que cada uma das unidades possui outras duas subunidades (gen��rica e espec��fica). O g��nero liter��rio harmoniza-se com um dito prof��tico de julgamento geralmente conhecido como or��culo ai . A an��lise da dimens��o hist��rica situa o acontecimento fundante em 701 a.C., na Sefel�� juda��ta. Numa an��lise investigativa do conte��do da den��ncia norteado pelo modelo te��rico do modo de produ����o tribut��rio, observa-se um conflito entre dois grupos. Nesse conflito, Miqueias faz uma acusa����o a um grupo de poder em Jud�� que planeja e executa a����es criminosas contra a heran��a camponesa. O castigo descreve a conspira����o e o plano divino contra esse grupo de poder. Jav�� havia planejado um mal id��ntico ao que eles haviam cometido, desonra e priva����o de suas possess��es. Os valores culturais de honra e vergonha subjazem a esse or��culo. Por descumprirem seus deveres junto a Jav�� e ao povo, os criminosos perderiam todos os seus direitos e, sobretudo, a honra perante a pr��pria comunidade. Com base no modelo te��rico do modo de produ����o tribut��rio, constata-se que, na situa����o social em Jud�� no oitavo s��culo, prevalecia um conflito entre campo e cidade. As comunidades alde��s pagavam tributo �� cidade em forma de produtos e servi��os. A excessiva arrecada����o de tributo e as falhas no sistema de ajuda m��tua for��aram os indiv��duos e fam��lias a contrair d��vidas, a hipotecar suas terras herdadas dos pais e eventualmente perd��-las. O profeta Miqueias �� o porta-voz do protesto da classe campesina que resolve reagir aos desmandos praticados pela elite citadina. Para ele, Jav�� escuta a queixa dos que est��o sendo oprimidos e interv��m na hist��ria tomando o partido do oprimido.(AU)

Hypervalent iodine in synthesis 92. A facile synthesis of 3-substituted-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles by cyclocondensation of alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium salts and imidazolidine-2-thione

A simple method for the synthesis of 3-substituted 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles is achieved by cyclocondensation of alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium salts with imidazolidine-2-thione.

Organic reactions in ionic liquids; Ionic liquid-accelerated three-component reaction: a rapid one-pot synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-[(Z)-arylmethylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones

A rapid one-pot synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-[(Z)-arylme��thylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dionesis described that occurs in recyclable ionic liquid [bmim]PF6 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate).Significant rate enhancement and good selectivity have been observed.

Synthesis of substituted 3-anilino-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones and their evaluation as cholecystokinin-ligands

3-Amino-1,4-benzodiazepines as well as chemically related diverse amines were prepared from oxazepam and subsequently screened on the cholecystokinin receptor in a radiolabel binding assay. Oxazepam 2 was activated via its 3-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepine intermediate 3 and was reacted with a large series of aliphatic and aromatic amines. The substituted 3-anilino-1,4-benzodiazepine structure was identified as lead structure in a diverse series of 3-amino-1,4-benzodiazepines 4-38 and the full SAR (structure-activity relationship) optimisation provided 3-anilinobenzodiazepines 16-38 with CCK 1 receptor selectivity to CCK 2. The compounds 18, 24, 28 and 33 have shown affinities at the CCK 1 receptor of 11, 10, 11 and 9 nM, respectively. These equipotent CCK 1 ligands were fully evaluated in behaviour pharmacological essays. An antidepressant effect was identified in the tail suspension- and the Porsolt swimming-test. The ED 50 values for 24 and 28 were determined in these assays as 0.46 and 0.49 mg/kg. The mixed antagonist 37 showed in addition to the antidepressant effects anxiolytic properties. �� 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Marl Prairie/Slough Gradients; Patterns and Trends in Shark Slough and Adjacent Marl Prairies (CERP monitoring activity 3.1.3.5), First Annual Report (2005)

The work on CERP monitoring item 3.1.3.5 (Marl prairie/slough gradients) is being conducted by Florida International University (Dr Michael Ross, Project Leader), with Everglades National Park (Dr. Craig Smith) providing administrative support and technical consultation. As of January 2006 the funds transferred by ACOE to ENP, and subsequently to FIU, have been entirely expended or encumbered in salaries or wages. The project work for 2005 started rather late in the fiscal year, but ultimately accomplished the Year 1 goals of securing a permit to conduct the research in Everglades National Park, finalizing a detailed scope of work, and sampling marsh sites which are most easily accessed during the wet season. 46 plots were sampled in detail, and a preliminary vegetation classification distinguished three groups among these sites (Sawgrass marsh, sawgrass and other, and slough) which may be arranged roughly along a hydrologic gradient from least to most persistently inundated . We also made coarser observations of vegetation type at 5-m intervals along 2 transects totaling ~ 5 km. When these data were compared with similar observations made in 1998-99, it appeared that vegetation in the western portion of Northeast Shark Slough (immediately east of the L-67 extension) had shifted toward a more hydric type during the last 6 years, while vegetation further east was unchanged in this respect. Because this classification and trend analysis is based on a small fraction of the data set that will be available after the first cycle of sampling (3 years from now), the results should not be interpreted too expansively. However, they do demonstrate the potential for gaining a more comprehensive view of marsh vegetation structure and dynamics in the Everglades, and will provide a sound basis for adaptive management.

Synthesis of novel O-acylated-D-ribono-1,5-lactones and structural assignment supported by conventional NOESY-NMR and x-ray analysis

A practical method for the structural assignment of 3,4-O-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactones and analogues using conventional NMR techniques and NOESY measurements in solution is described. 2-O-Acyl-3,4-O-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactones were prepared in good yields by acylation of Zinner���s lactone with acyl chlorides under mildly basic conditions. Structural determination of 2-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-3,4-O-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactone was achieved by single crystal x-ray diffraction, which supports the results based on spectroscopic data.

N-mesityl-C-acylketenimines: 1,5-sigmatropic shifts and electrocyclization to quinolines

Flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) of triazoles 6a-c generates alpha-oxoketenimines 10, the ester 10a being isolable. FVT of pyrroledione 8 generates the isomeric imidoylketene 9a. Ketenes 9 and ketenimines 10 undergo thermal interconversion by 1,3-shifts of methoxy and dimethylamino groups under mild FVT conditions (ca. 350-400 degrees C). Both 9 and 10 are directly observable by IR spectroscopy at either 77 K or on Ar matrix isolation at 12 K. On FVT at temperatures above ca. 400 degrees C, the ketenimines 10 undergo a 1,5-H shift to o-quinoid imines 12/13, followed by electrocyclization to dihydroquinolines 14 (unobserved) and 15 (observed by NMR). The latter are easily oxidized to alkylquinoline-3-carboxylates or quinoline-3-carboxamides 16 by atmospheric oxygen. Ab initio calculations on model compounds 18-23 predict an energy barrier of ca. 38 kcal mol(-1) (161 kJ mol(-1)) for the 1,5-H shift in N-(o-methylphenyl)ketenimines via the transition state TS19 followed by an electrocyclization barrier to dihydroquinoline 23a via TS22a of ca. 16 kcal mol(-1).

Biochemical and structural characterization of a beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis 168

beta-1,3-1,4-Glucanases (E.C. 3.2.1.73) hydrolyze linked beta-D-glucans, such as lichenan and barley beta-glucan. Recombinant beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis expressed in Escherichia coil and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography exhibited optimum activity at 50 degrees C and pH 6.0. The catalytic half-life at 60 degrees C decreased from 90 to 5 min when the enzyme was incubated in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) respectively. The kinetic parameters of lichenan hydrolysis were 2695, 3.1 and 1220 for V(max) (mu mol/min/mg), K(m) (mg mL(-1)) and K(cat) (s(-1)), respectively. Analysis by DLS, AUC and SAXS demonstrated the enzyme is monomeric in solution. Chemical denaturation monitored by ITFE and far-UV CD yielded Delta G(H2O) values of 9.6 and 9.1 kcal/mol, respectively, showing that the enzyme has intermediate stability when compared with other Bacillus beta-1,3-1,4-glucanases. The crystal structure shows the anti-parallel jelly-roll beta-sheet conserved in all GH16 beta-1,3-1,4-glucanases, with the amino acid differences between Bacillus sp. enzymes that are likely determinants of stability being distributed throughout the protein. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2,6,,9-trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dienes and 2,4,6,8-tetraoxaadamantanes: Novel chiral spacer units in macrocyclic polyethers

The unusual chiral heterocyclic systems, trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dienes (bridged bisdioxines), are incorporated as novel spacer molecules into macrocyclic polyether ring systems of various sizes (8, 9 as well as 11-15) by cyclocondensation reaction of the! bisacid chloride 4b or bisesters 6,7 and 10, with several ethylene glycols. The 2:2 macrocycles 12-14 are obtained in approximately 50:50 mixtures of diastereomers. These conclusions are mainly based on HPLC data presented in Table I as well as X-ray analyses of (1R,5R)-8c (space group Pbca, a = 10.163(3) Angstrom, b = 18.999(4) Angstrom, c = 36.187(10) Angstrom, V = 6987(3) Angstrom(3), Z = 8, d(calc) = 1.218 g cm(-3), 6974 reflections, R = 0.0553.), mesolrac-11 (space group P (1) over bar, a = 10.472(5) Angstrom, b = 16.390(5) Angstrom, c = 17.211(5) Angstrom, alpha = 98.69(2)degrees, beta = 93.04(2)degrees, gamma = 98.52(2)degrees, V = 2879.3(18) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, d(calc) = 1.173 g cm(-3), 11,162 reflections, R = 0.0945) and meso-12 (space group P2(1)/c, a = 9.927(2), b = 18.166(3), c = 17.820(3) Angstrom, beta = 96.590(10)degrees, V = 3192.3(10)Angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-c = 1.109 g cm(-3), 3490 reflections, R = 0.0646). The 1:1 macrocycles 8b,c are also formed by intramolecular transesterification of the open-chain bisesters 7b,c and their formation is favored by the use of metal ions as templates. The bridged bisdioxine moieties in 8b and 12 are converted into the corresponding chiral tetra-oxaadamantane spacers to afford macrocycles 16 and 17. Preliminary metal ion complexation studies with selected species (8c, 11-14) were also performed.

Conce����es das crian��as no 3.�� e 5.�� ano sobre o conceito de ser vivo

Relat��rio de Est��gio apresentado �� Escola Superior de Educa����o de Lisboa para obten����o de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.�� e 2.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico

Overproduction, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of Abn2, an endo-1,5-alpha-arabinanase from Bacillus subtilis.

Acta Crystallographica F64 (2008) 636-638