UBS RN-7: proposta arquitetônica para um padrão flexível de unidade básica de saúde para a zona bioclimática 7 do RN, com ênfase na sustentabilidade ambiental

Standardization and sustainability: these two apparently antagonistic words find the challenge of uniting in a flexible architectonic proposal. This was the idea that motivated the proposal of this assignment, whose appearing is bound up with the necessity of thinking about standardized spaces that attend on functional criterias and environmental sustainability, in reply to an existing real demand. The assignment consists of an architectonic proposal for a flexible standard of a Basic Unit of Health for the bioclimatic zone 7 of RN (UBS RN-7), with emphasis in the environmental sustainability. The project contemplates innumerable involved variables, such as: obedience to the current law of the Health Ministry for the UBSs; formal/aesthetic aspects; criterias of expansiveness of the UBS I for the UBS II; relative aspects to the constructive rationality and, mainly, sustainability aspects. With the intention to unite the variables and, also, glimpsing a proposal that could reach a good functional performance, aesthetic, of environment comfort and energetic efficiency, it was also necessary to consider concepts about the flexibility of the envelopment. The elaboration of the architecture first draft was based on bibliographical research, conceptual studies and references, elaboration of the architectonic program and the draft development for the UBS port I and the UBS port II. To the end, an implantation data sheet for the project is proposed for the UBS standard project, where strategies of thermal isolation, shadowing and thermal inertia are adopted and combined to three possible types of lot, resulting in 24 possibilities of implantation

Desenhar a casa

Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Qualidade do ar interior e conforto térmico : um estudo em espaços de estacionamento em Natal/RN

The recent tendency to utilize parking lots for other purposes has demonstrated that more time has been spent by visitors, mainly in great cities. Therefore, this paper investigates the thermal comfort and the air quality indoors in areas specifically used as parking lots by analyzing the direct relation between such environments and vehicular pollution. The thermal comfort and the quality of air indoors in parking lots with different architectonic typology (ground-floor and underground) are also studied, aiming to contribute to the proposition of suitable new areas designated to human usage. Field research was done, in two distinct periods within different weather conditions (January and July) in, two naturally cooled, parking lots located in Natal - RN. The internal environment agents were measured by using tools for air temperature, humidity, speed and direction; interviews with employees and visitors and chemical analysis through appropriate tools to analyze specific material, carbon monoxide and ozone. The results showed that chemical agents densely concentrate mostly in the closed parking space, aggravated by weather conditions, which dissatisfied the visitors. Still, it was shown that architectonic typology, alongside topographical aspects compromise internal environmental conditions, which increases the retention of pollution, leading to dissatisfactory thermal comfort levels and becoming less suitable for usage by visitors considering air and thermal comfort aspects. Consequently, they are not suitable for human stay due to the poor quality of the indoor air

De praça a praça: Praças de toiros portuguesas (1850-1950): contributo para a sua salvaguarda e divulgação

O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar o valor patrimonial das praças de toiros, enquanto manifestações arquitetónicas representativas de uma manifestação cultural e patrimonial herdada - a Tauromaquia. Assim sendo, é nossa intenção criar mecanismos que despertem interesse pelo referido património e que lhe seja reconhecido valor arquitetónico e cultural, sendo que aliada à materialidade do edificado identificámos também aspetos imateriais: costumes, tradições e rituais que, aliados à prática tauromáquica contribuem para a nossa identificação enquanto povo. Através da inventariação do património tauromáquico imóvel existente dentro das balizas cronológicas apontadas procuramos sensibilizar a sociedade para o papel que estes edifícios assumem na história e na cultura das populações, contribuindo simultaneamente para a sua preservação e valorização. O presente trabalho teve como base um vasto leque de leituras alusivas ao tema da tauromaquia que permitiu traçar um percurso de molde a evidenciar a evolução dos preceitos da arte tauromáquica, onde se insere o aparecimento e desenvolvimento das praças de toiros portuguesas. Julgamos que um dos aspetos mais importantes deste trabalho seja o facto da identificação dos espaços e o registo das suas características nos ter permitido conhecer e dar a conhecer a existência de uma tipologia patrimonial que se encontra como que oculta, que para muitos chega mesmo a ser desconhecida ou ignorada, mas que faz parte do nosso património, transcendendo uma dimensão puramente material. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to demonstrate the heritage value of bullrings as architectural manifestations, representing a cultural heritage and legacy - Bullfighting. First of all, the construction of these buildings requires a “will of manifestation" and the recognition of values with which part of the Portuguese people identifies itself. lt is therefore our intention to create mechanisms to awaken interest in this heritage, so that its architectonic and cultural value is recognized. Along with the materiality of the buildings, we have also identified intangible aspects, such as: customs, traditions and rituals, that when allied to bullfighting contribute to our identity as a people. With the inventorying of the bullfighting assets existing within the established timelines, we seek to enlighten society about the role that these buildings assume both in history and culture, as well as contributing to its preservation and enhancement. This research was based on a vast range of readings related to bullfighting which allowed us to outline the path of the evolution of the bullfighting art, which includes the appearing and development of Portuguese bullrings. We believe that one of the most important aspects in this paper is the fact that the identification of the places and the registration of their features has allowed us not only to acknowledge but also to display the existence of a heritage that has been hidden. For many people this is unknown or even ignored, but it's part of our heritage, transcending a purely material dimension.

O património industrial na cidade de Lisboa

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

Para que servem hoje nossas cozinhas? :uma análise de uso das cozinhas do Plano 100 (Natal-RN)

This work investigates the using of kitchens of the apartments of PLANO 100 in Natal-RN, through one method s set of the functional and behavior evaluation. The theme was selected through of the emergence of the many questions that sought to understand what manners how individuals relates to the constructed space, what was the possible changes caused by these relation, also verifying how this space interferes in a daily life of theirs users. This research to search answers what to improve of the study s object and in futures production s architectonic too. The used approach combined an overview of new kinds of familiar arrangements and the evolution process of the brazilian s kitchens within social context of Brazil, with APO (Post-Occupation Evaluation), techniques through a physical space survey, questionnaires and interviews with users. Beyond to APO s implements were applied behavior setting s techniques too, what presented the most knowledge about to satisfactions levels pointed by the users

A Ideia de “Quarteirão” na Regeneração Urbana do Centro Histórico do Porto

As intervenções de regeneração urbana quando realizadas através da unidade do quarteirão, tornam-se desafios e oportunidades únicas na preservação da identidade e na valorização dos recursos históricos. Esta escala de abordagem nas intervenções permite não só a renovação arquitetónica dos espaços mas também a inclusão de preocupações de carácter cultural, social, económico e ambiental neste processo, que se considera aqui enquanto princípios base para um desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta investigação tem como objetivo aprofundar conhecimentos acerca da ideia de “quarteirão” e da sua relevância no processo de regeneração urbana no contexto das recentes transformações urbanas no centro histórico do Porto, e tendo em vista a necessidade de um desenvolvimento sustentável, salientando a importância do reforço da identidade como um dos seus principais princípios de atuação. De forma a sustentar o estudo destas temáticas centradas numa abordagem limitada à área da Zona de Intervenção Prioritária (ZIP), são analisados dois casos de estudos de intervenções existentes/a decorrer bem como um terceiro caso desenvolvido no âmbito da presente dissertação. Com base na análise dos casos de estudo, da bibliografia e da documentação relativa ao tema verificou-se que para reforçar a identidade do centro histórico do Porto, a fim de preservar as suas dinâmicas sociais e culturais, os projetos devem evitar intervenções à escala do quarteirão, que desrespeitem as características originais dos edifícios tal como os seus limites. Propõe-se assim o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de intervenção global que respeitando a singularidade e os desafios arquitetónicos e socioculturais de cada parcela e edifício não deixe nunca de perder uma visão mais alargada sobre a complexidade do território.

Laminar and cellular distribution of AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunits in monkey sensory-motor cortex

In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used to examine lamina- and cell-specific expression of glutamate receptor (GluR) mRNAs and polypeptide subunits in motor and somatosensory cortex of macaque monkeys. Radioactive complementary RNA (cRNA) probes were prepared from cDNAs specific for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxozolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate (GluR1-GluR4), kainate (GluR5-GluR7), and N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA; NR1, NR2A-NR2D) receptor subunits. AMPA/kainate and NR1, NR2A, and NR2B receptor transcripts show higher expression than other transcripts. All transcripts show lamina-specific patterns of distribution. GluR2 and GluR4 mRNAs show higher expression than do GluR1 and GluR3 mRNAs. GluR6 transcript expression is higher than that of GluR5 and GluR7. NR1 mRNA expression is much higher than that of NR2 mRNAs. NR2C subunit expression is very low except for a very distinct band of high expression in layer IV of area 3b. Immunocytochemistry, using subunit-specific antisera and double labeling for calbindin, parvalbumin, or α type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII-α), allowed identification of cell types expressing different subunit genes. GluR1 and GluR5/6/7 immunoreactivity is found in both pyramidal cells and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) cells; GluR2/3 immunoreactivity is preferentially found in pyramidal cells, whereas GluR4 immunoreactivity is largely restricted to GABA cells; NMDA receptor subunit immunoreactivity is far greater in excitatory cells than in GABA cells. The density of expression of AMPA/kainate, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunit mRNAs differed within and across the architectonic fields of sensory-motor cortex. This finding and the lamina- and cell-specific patterns of expression suggest assembly of functional receptors from different arrangements of available subunits in specific neuronal populations.

Vihara architecture: defining the existential foothold of VIII century Buddhist monastery "Somapura Mahavihara" of ancien Bengal

Lost in history, the ruin of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ was not recognized separated from its birthplace, i.e. nature, for more than 700 years. Yet, within its silent presence, the monument dominated the name of the region: ‘Paharpur’ (land of hillock), according to its appearance surrounds by its flat land topo¬graphy. Discovered in 1919, the single largest Buddhist Vihara (monas¬tery) of ancient Bengal came into light, pronouncing the flou¬rishing minute of Buddhist architecture, once dominant religious force of the subcontinent. The earliest historical monumental architecture of greater Asia, had long been deriving itself from the Buddhist monastic architecture as early as VI century BC. In line of history, the discovery of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ contributed attesting the sensitivities of a highly sophisticated architectonic typology of Vihara Architecture in the land of ancient Bengal. The recovery of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ was not only from its cradle of nature, but also from its remarkable existence imprinted in the reign of Pala dynasty (750 - 1155 AD) announcing the existential foothold of man in his nature. The existential foothold of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ comprises the factors, responsible in shaping the anchorage of the mo¬nument since the birth of Vihara architecture, as early as 530 BC. These factors not only denote the building technology in response to its environment but also the amalgamation of be¬lief, upon which the dwellers transformed the site as a place announcing their existence on earth. This research paper aims at exploring the existential foothold of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’, in terms of its territorial, functional, structural, social, cultural, religious sym¬bolic hierarchies of human achievement while clarifying the architectonic typology that shaped ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ through evolution process of ‘Vihara Architecture’. This understanding intends to combine the archaeological knowledge with comparative architectural analysis of contem¬porary Viharas of ancient Bengal, to define the singularity of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’. In consequence, the glorious past of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ is intended to portray through iden¬tifying the relation of religious and functional rationalism with the connotation of art, architecture and belief moulded within natural forces, as one complete entity; RESUMO: Vihara Arquitetura: Definindo a posição existencial do século VIII Budista mosteiro “Somapura Mahavihara” de Bengala antiga. Perdidas na História, as ruínas de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ foram confundidas com uma montanha durante mais de setecentos anos. Contudo, no seu silêncio presente, o monumento marcou a toponímia da região; ‘Paharpur’ significa ‘a terra do outeiro’, evidenciando a singularidade deste monumento numa região dominada por uma extensa planície. Em 1919, foi descoberto o maior mosteiro budista da antiga região de Bengal, demonstrando a prosperidade da arquitectura budista. Tem¬poralmente, a descoberta de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ contribuiu para atestar a evolução e a sofisticação da tipologia arquitectónica denominada ‘Arquitectura Vihara’, existente na antiga região de Bengal. A noção de pegada existencial de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ compreende os factores responsáveis por moldar a ancoragem do monumento ao lugar em que se insere desde o início da arquitectura Vihara, que remonta a 530 a.C. Estes factores evidenciam a tecnologia construtiva empregue para responder ao ambiente envolvente mas também a evolução da religião, factores estes que os monges construtores consideraram ao transformar o lugar e anunciar a sua existência na Terra. Esta investigação tem por objectivo explorar a noção de pegada existencial de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’, nas suas dimensões territoriais, funcionais, estruturais, sociais, culturais e nas hierarquias simbólicas das realizações humanas para clarificar a tipologia arquitectónica que deu forma a ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ durante a evolução da arquitectura Vihara. Este entendimento pretende combinar/cruzar o conhecimen¬to arqueológico com estudos arquitectónicos comparativos de Viharas na antiga região de Bengal, com o objectivo de definir a singularidade de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’. Neste estudo estudar-se-á também o confronto entre a dimensão religiosa e a artística (divino vs. humano), integrados na arquitectura de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ em perfeita harmonia.

O mundo rural e o território de Évora durante a Antiguidade Tardia

Neste estudo pretende-se realizar uma análise da cidade de Évora e do seu mundo rural durante a Antiguidade Tardia. Através de estruturas funerárias e religiosas, e de alguns elementos arquitectónicos, pretendemos contribuir para o aumento de conhecimento da cidade de Évora e do seu território. Ao longo deste estudo irá realizar-se uma análise do cristianismo, dos mártires, dos concílios peninsulares, da cidade durante a época em estudo, da ascensão da Igreja e das aristocracias locais, do mundo rural e das estruturas funerárias e religiosas; Abstract: The Rural World and the Territory of Évora during Late Antiquity In this study it is pretended an analysis of the city of Évora and its rural world during Late Antiquity. Through funerary and religious structures, and some architectonic elements, we pretend to contribute for the augmentation of knowledge of the city of Évora and its territory. Thought this study it’s going to be done an analysis of Christianity, martyrs, the peninsular councils, the city during the studied epoch, the ascension of the Church and the local aristocracies, the rural world and the funerary and religious structures.