Electromagnetic wave diffraction from an infinite array of complex-shaped microstrip reflectors

A numerical-analytical method is developed for solving surface integral equations (IEs) describing electromagnetic wave diffraction from arrays of complex-shaped planar reflectors. Solutions to these equations are regularized via analytical transformation of the separated singular part of the matrix kernel. Basis functions satisfying the metal-edge condition are determined on the entire surface of the complex region. The amplitude and phase responses of arrays consisting of polygonal reflectors are numerically investigated.

Waveguide-to-microstrip transition at G-band using elevated E-plane probe

A rectangular waveguide-to-microstrip transition operating at G-band is presented. The E-plane probe, used in the transition, is fabricated on semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI-GaAs) and it is elevated on the substrate. This configuration reduces interaction with semiconductor material. The elevated probe is suitable for direct integration with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. Measured results show S11 better than 210dB between 150 and 200 GHz and S21 ¼ 2 4dB at centre band (180GHz) for two transitions in back-to-back configuration.

An integrated wideband multifunctional antenna using a microstrip patch with two U-slots

In this paper a multifunctional microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated and experimentally verified for operation in AWS, GSM, WiMAX and WLAN bands. This microstrip patch antenna has two U-shaped slots to achieve the dual wideband operation required to meet these specifications. The dimensions and locations of the U-slots are designed appropriately. The thick substrate used here helps in integrating the antenna with the existing aircraft panel material while achieving wide bandwidths. Experimental results of this single feed antenna indicate that it meets all current requirements for in-cabin wireless communication needs.

Sectorial antennas for WSN localization system

This work investigates low cost localization systems (LS) based on received signal strength (RSS) and integrated with different types of antennas with main emphasis on sectorial antennas. The last few years have witnessed an outstanding growth in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Among its various possible applications, the localization field became a major area of research. The localization techniques based on RSS are characterized by simplicity and low cost of integration. The integration of LS based on RSS and sectorial antennas (SA) was proven to provide an effective solution for reducing the number of required nodes of the networks and allows the combination of several techniques, such as RSS and angle of arrival (AoA). This PhD thesis focuses on studying techniques, antennas and protocols that best meet the needs of each LS with main focus on low cost systems based on RSS and AoA. Firstly there are studied localization techniques and system that best suit the requirements of the user and the antennas that are most appropriate according to the nature of the signal. In this step it is intended to provide a fundamental understanding of the undertaken work. Then the developed antennas are presented according to the following categories: sectorial and microstrip antennas. Two sectorial antennas are presented: a narrowband antenna operating at 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and a broadband antenna operating at 800MHz-2.4GHz. The low cost printed antennas were designed to operate at 5 GHz, which may be used for vehicular communication. After presenting the various antennas, several prototypes of indoor/outdoor LS are implemented and analyzed. Localization protocols are also proposed, one based on simplicity and low power, and the other on interoperability with different types of antennas and system requirements.

Sistemas de antenas MIMO

Os sistemas de rádio comunicação com múltiplas antenas transmissoras (Tx) e receptoras (Rx), também conhecidos como sistemas MIMO (Multiple Input-Multiple Output), são um dos mais importantes avanços nos sistemas de telecomunicações. Estes sistemas tiram vantagem do uso de várias antenas transmissoras e várias antenas receptoras para explorar as propriedades espaciais do canal rádio. O crescimento dramático da capacidade dos canais que os sistemas MIMO vêm acrescentar, faz com que esta tecnologia seja promissora para os futuros serviços de Internet Wireless. Estes sistemas MIMO utilizam diversidade espacial, ou seja, tiram partido da natureza aleatória da propagação das ondas através do multipercurso e na qual réplicas de um sinal são combinadas no receptor com o intuito de se obter maior fiabilidade na detecção desse sinal. Assim sendo, um canal MIMO é o meio por onde se propaga a informação transmitida por este conjunto de antenas. O conceito inerente aos sistemas MIMO passa por combinar os sinais emitidos e recebidos de modo que seja possível melhorar a performance do sistema. Esta melhoria de desempenho irá reflectir-se na maximização dos ritmos de transmissão associados e na melhoria da qualidade de serviço oferecida ao cliente final. Esta tecnologia tem sido aprofundada com o objectivo de se resolver o problema de estrangulamento da capacidade de tráfego nas futuras redes de telecomunicações sem fios. Isto é extremamente importante em sistemas onde a capacidade é bastante limitada devido às características do ambiente de propagação. Existe portanto, um grande interesse em comparar o comportamento, características, vantagens e desvantagens dos vários tipos de sistemas existentes (SISO - Single Input - Single Output, SIMO - Single Input - Multiple Output, MISO - Multiple Input - Single Output, MIMO - Multiple Input - Multiple Output). Torna-se então necessário o estudo dos sistemas de antenas Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) e as suas vantagens/desvantagens na transmissão de informação relativamente aos sistemas Single Input - Single Output (SISO). Este estudo vem comprovar que a tecnologia MIMO é uma evolução natural para as tecnologias sem fios, visto que existe uma crescente demanda de serviços multimédia e um esforço constante para se aumentar as taxas de transmissão nas redes sem fios. Os sistemas MIMO vêm também dar um enorme contributo à investigação nesta área das telecomunicações.

Compact high linearity switchable dual-mode microstrip bandpass filters

A compact highly linear microstrip dual-mode electronically switchable filter is presented. The key characteristics of the dual-mode switchable filter are investigated and described. A second order filter design procedure is outlined to facilitate the realisation of Butterworth and Chebyshev functions. The proposed filter was built and tested with NXP pin diode model BAP65-03. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The measured insertion loss in the ON state was 3.0 dB the isolation in the OFF state was 45 dB at the centre frequency. An evaluation of filter distortion is presented for digitally modulated 16 QAM and QPSK signals.

Compact tunable bandstop filters using defected microstrip structure for multi-standard wireless systems

A novel compact tunable bandstop filter using Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) is presented in this paper. The structure utilizes a modified T shaped DMS which helps in miniaturization of the filter. To verify the concept, one such filter was simulated, designed, fabricated and tested. Measurements on a fabricated tunable filter confirm the accuracy of the design procedure. The tuning range of 20% is achieved, ranging from 2.26 GHz to 2.747 GHz. Tuning is achieved by using NXP BB179 varactor diode. A nonlinear distortion evaluation in a tunable filter was experimentally verified. Experimental verification shows the filter is highly linear.

Performance of microstrip antennas in the presence of EBG in an indoor localization system

Indoor localization systems in nowadays is a huge area of interest not only at academic but also at industry and commercial level. The correct location in these systems is strongly influenced by antennas performance which can provide several gains, bandwidths, polarizations and radiation patterns, due to large variety of antennas types and formats. This paper presents the design, manufacture and measurement of a compact microstrip antenna, for a 2.4 GHZ frequency band, enhanced with the use of Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures, which improve the electromagnetic behavior of the conventional antennas. The microstrip antenna with an EBG structure integrated allows an improvement of the location system performance in about 25% to 30% relatively to a conventional microstrip antenna.

Bending effects on a textile microstrip antenna

This paper describes the design of a textile microstrip antenna for 2.4 GHz. Two different fabrics are used: one for the dielectric part and another one for the conductor part. The dielectric constant of the dielectric fabric is determined experimentally. The input matching is studied by electromagnetic simulation and experimentally. Since the antenna is meant to be incorporated in the user's clothe, the effect that the antenna bending has on the matching level is also investigated both theoretically and experimentally.