Oral administration of a 12% sucrose solution did not decrease behavioural indicators of distress in piglets undergoing tail docking, teeth clipping and ear notching

Sucrose has been shown to attenuate the behavioural response to painful procedures in human infants undergoing circumcision or blood collection via heelstick. Sucrose has also been found to have a behaviour-modifying effect in neonatal rats exposed to a hot plate. The effect was abolished in neonatal rats by injection of the opioid antagonist naltrexone, suggesting that it was mediated by endogenous opioids. In this experiment, the behaviour of 571 newborn Large White x Landrace hybrid piglets in a specific-pathogen-free piggery of the University of Queensland was recorded during and after the routine management practices of tail docking, ear notching and teeth clipping. Piglets were randomly assigned to receive 1.0 ml of a 12% sucrose solution (treatment group) or a placebo (1.0 ml of air) administered via syringe in the mouth, 60 s before commencement of one of the management procedures. Behaviours were recorded at the time of the procedure, and then 2 min after completion of the procedure. Piglets that received the sucrose solution did not behave significantly differently from piglets receiving the placebo. Regardless of whether sucrose or placebo was administered, piglets undergoing the routine management procedures showed significantly greater behavioural responses than piglets undergoing no procedure. It was concluded that under commercial conditions, a 12% sucrose solution administered I min prior to surgery was not effective in decreasing the behavioural indicators of distress in piglets undergoing routine management procedures, Further research into methods of minimising distress caused to piglets by these procedures is recommended.

Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor of the Ovary, a Rare Cause of Precocious Puberty in a 12-Month-Old Infant

We report a 12-month-old infant who presented with a 4-month history of isosexual precocious puberty secondary to an estrogenizing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary. Total serum immunoreactive inhibin and subunits A and B were markedly elevated before surgical resection and subsequently decreased 7 wk later into the normal prepubertal range. Twenty weeks following surgical removal, the patient presented again with central precocious puberty; inhibin B levels were raised on this occasion, a luteinizing releasing hormone stimulation test confirmed central precocious puberty. This is the youngest reported occurrence of this rare sex cord stromal neoplasm. The prognosis of this extremely rare tumor presenting at this early juvenile stage is uncertain. This report illustrates the usefulness of serum inhibin as a tumor marker during therapeutic suppression with leuprorelin acetate for central precocious puberty. Analysis of genomic and tumor DNA revealed a normal nucleotide sequence for the LH receptor and the G{alpha}s gene. To understand the molecular pathogenesis of this tumor we analyzed mRNA levels for the inhibin A and B subunits, FSH receptor, LH receptor aromatase, steroidogenic factor-1 and the ER ß genes. Molecular characterization reveals the presence of genes specific for granulosa and Leydig cells; the relative expression of these genes, in addition to its histologic characteristics, suggests that this tumor may result from a dysdifferentiation of a primordial follicle.

More on exact bicoverings of 12 points

The minimum number of incomplete blocks required to cover, exactly lambda times, all t-element subsets from a set V of cardinality v (v > t) is denoted by y(lambda, t; v). The value of g(2, 2; v) is known for v = 3, 4,..., 11. It was previously known that 14 less than or equal to g(2, 2; 12) less than or equal to 16. We prove that g(2, 2; 12) greater than or equal to 15.

Centile reference for total energy expenditure in infants from 1 to 12 months

Background: A knowledge of energy expenditure in infancy is required for the estimation of recommended daily amounts of food energy, for designing artificial infant feeds, and as a reference standard for studies of energy metabolism in disease states. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to construct centile reference charts for total energy expenditure (TEE) in infants across the first year of life. Methods: Repeated measures of TEE using the doubly labeled water technique were made in 162 infants at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. In total, 322 TEE measurements were obtained. The LMS method with maximum penalized likelihood was used to construct the centile reference charts. Centiles were constructed for TEE expressed as MJ/day and also expressed relative to body weight (BW) and fat-free mass (FFM). Results: TEE increased with age and was 1.40,1.86, 2.64, 3.07 and 3.65 MJ/day at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The standard deviations were 0.43, 0.47, 0.52, 0.66 and 0.88, respectively. TEE in MJ/kg increased from 0.29 to 0.36 and in MJ/day/kg FFM from 0.36 to 0.48. Conclusions: We have presented centile reference charts for TEE expressed as MJ/day and expressed relative to BW and FFM in infants across the first year of life. There was a wide variation or biological scatter in TEE values seen at all ages. We suggest that these centile charts may be used to assess and possibly quantify abnormal energy metabolism in disease states in infants.

A????es premiadas no 12?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal

Nesta publica????o, referente ao 12?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, o leitor encontrar?? iniciativas inovadoras nas seguintes ??reas: arranjos institucionais para coordena????o e/ou implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas; atendimento ao usu??rio; avalia????o e monitoramento de pol??ticas p??blicas; gest??o da informa????o; melhoria dos processos de trabalho

Texto para discuss??o 12: a moderniza????o do Estado: as li????es de uma experi??ncia

Falar da moderniza????o do Estado n??o ?? f??cil atualmente, t??o numerosos s??o os excelentes especialistas que, ao longo dos ??ltimos anos, dedicaram-se a este tema e produziram relat??rios n??o menos excelentes. Com efeito, se h?? um campo que tem sido regularmente classificado como uma prioridade governamental ?? exatamente este.

M??dulo 12 - julgamento e encerramento da licita????o: curso legisla????o aplicada ?? log??stica de suprimentos Lei 8.666/93, preg??o e registro de pre??os

Este documento trata de: aspectos conceituais da lei: finalidade, import??ncia e hierarquia da lei.; no????es gerais da lei de licita????es - Lei n?? 8.666/93; tipos de licita????o:menor pre??o, melhor t??cnica, t??cnica e pre??o e maior lance ou oferta; modalidades de licita????o: concorr??ncia, tomada de pre??os, convite, concurso e leil??o; exce????es ?? obrigatoriedade de licita????o: dispensa e inexigibilidade; regime de execu????o indireta; comiss??o de licita????o; etapas do processo licitat??rio: edital, procedimentos/documentos do certame, registro cadastral, habilita????o dos interessados, julgamento e encerramento; preg??o; registro de pre??os

Disciplina 4.12: controle e avalia????o da execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

Ciclo do gasto p??blico; ciclo de gest??o dos recursos p??blicos; sistemas de administra????o p??blica; planejamento: conceito iniciais; processo de planejamento;vantagens do planejamento; or??amento p??blico: conceito; o or??amento e as fun????es do estado; fun????es do or??amento p??blico; instumentos e recursos utilizados pelo governo para intervir na economia; princ??pios or??ament??rios; inter-rela????o do planejamento/or??amento na Constitui????o de 1988; Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal; receita p??blica: conceito; conceito de receita p??blica origin??ria; conceito de receita derivada; classifica????o da receita or??ament??ria; receita extra-or??ament??ria; est??gios da receita; classifica????o da receita quanto a origem e a fonte dos recursos; receitas vinculadas; despesa p??blica: conceito; Classifica????o da despesa: institucional ou por ??rg??os, por fun????es, classifica????o econ??mica, classifica????o por objeto de gasto; execu????o do or??amento; objetivos da programa????o or??ament??ria e financeira; enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos; Necessidade de Financiamento do Governo Central; processo de elabora????o dos limites or??ament??rios; acompanhamento da execu????o; import??ncias das metas fiscais; detalhamento do cr??dito or??ament??rio; cr??ditos adicionais; est??gios da despesas p??blica; descentraliza????o de cr??ditos; administra????o financeira: exerc??cio financeiro; descentraliza????o de recursos financeiros; libera????o de recursos; elabora????o da programa????o financeira; formas de execu????o da despesa p??blica; princ??pios da administra????o p??blica; conceito de licita????o; princ??pios da licita????o; modalidades de licita????o; dispensa e inexigibilidade; transfer??ncias volunt??rias : da formaliza????o; plano de trabalho; restos a pagar; despesas de exerc??cios anteriores; di??rias; suprimento de fundos; modelo brasileiro de controle or??ament??rio

Resolu????o n?? 12, de 31 de outubro de 2014: estabelece a Pol??tica de Seguran??a da Informa????o e Comunica????es - PoSIC no ??mbito da ENAP

A Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (Enap) publicou, no dia 31 de outubro de 2014, a Resolu????o n?? 12, que estabelece a Pol??tica de Seguran??a da Informa????o e Comunica????es (PoSIC). A PoSIC institui diretrizes estrat??gicas, responsabilidades e compet??ncias, visando assegurar a disponibilidade, integridade, confidencialidade e autenticidade das informa????es produzidas ou custodiadas pela Enap, de modo a preservar os seus ativos e sua imagem institucional. A Pol??tica trata do uso e compartilhamento do conte??do de dados, informa????es e documentos no ??mbito da Enap, em todo o seu ciclo de vida - cria????o, manuseio, divulga????o, armazenamento, transporte e descarte. O objetivo ?? garantir a continuidade de seus processos cr??ticos, em conformidade com a legisla????o vigente, normas pertinentes, requisitos regulamentares e contratuais, valores ??ticos e as melhores pr??ticas de seguran??a da informa????o e comunica????es.

Portaria n?? 166, de 3 de julho de 2013: cria a Comiss??o com o objetivo de coordenar a implementa????o e acompanhamento dos trabalhos relativos ?? Lei de Acesso ?? Informa????o (Lei n?? 12.527) na ENAP

A Comiss??o de implementa????o e acompanhamento dos trabalhos relativos ?? Lei de Acesso ?? Informa????o (LAI) na ENAP foi criada pela Portaria n?? 166, de 3 de julho de 2013, com o objetivo de coordenar a implementa????o dos trabalhos referentes ?? LAI, principalmente, em virtude da cria????o e acompanhamento do Servi??o de Informa????es ao Cidad??o (SIC).

Correlação entre a depuração plasmática de creatinina utilizando urina coletada durante 24 horas e 12 horas

Introdução: A concentração da creatinina no plasma é usada para avaliar a função renal, mas a depuração da creatinina plasmática (DCP) constitui método mais sensível para essa finalidade. Objetivo: Correlacionar a DCP em coleta urinária de 12 horas noturna com a de 24 horas. Métodos: Noventa e cinco voluntários (34-64 anos) coletaram urina durante 24 horas em dois frascos: diurno (das 7h às 19h) e noturno (das 19h às 7h do dia seguinte). A coleta de sangue se deu em jejum para medidas bioquímicas. A correlação entre as variáveis foi feita pelo teste Pearson (r) e a concordância de medidas, pelo teste de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Urinas de quatro indivíduos foram recusadas por erro de coleta. Na amostra final (n = 91; 42 homens), havia 23 hipertensos e cinco diabéticos. A DCP (mL/min/1,73 m2) foi menor no período noturno em mulheres (77,8 ± 22,7 versus 88,4 ± 23,6; p < 0,05) e similar em homens (91,2 ± 22,9 versus 97,3 ± 30,9; p > 0,05). As correlações entre a DCP na urina de 12 horas noturna ou diurna e a de 24 horas foram fortes (r = 0,85 e 0,83, respectivamente). Em 85 e 83 dos 91 indivíduos, a medida da DCP noturna e diurna, respectivamente, foi concordante com a de 24 horas. Conclusão: A urina de 12 horas, sobretudo quando coletada à noite, fornece valores de DCP similares àqueles obtidos em coleta de 24 horas. Como essa coleta é mais fácil de ser feita em pacientes ambulatoriais à noite, esse período deveria ser preferido para a medida da filtração glomerular.

Corporal and testicular biometry in wild boar from birth to 12 months of age

The aim of this tudy was to evaluate corporal and testicular development in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) from birth to 12 months of age, evaluating body weight, biometric testicular parameters, and gonadosomatic index. Thirty-nine male wild boars from a commercial farm licensed by IBAMA were used in the study. The animals were weighed and assigned to 13 experimental groups. The testes were recovered through unilateral orchiectomy, weighed on an analytical balance and measured for length, width and thickness. Body weight and testicular measures increased with the age, up to 12 months, and were more accelerated in the first and ninth months. Initially the testicular growth pattern, between zero and nine months, followed the body growth, and the gonadosomatic index varied from 0.07 to 0.09%. Between 9 and 11 months, the testicular growth was superior to the body growth, and the gonadosomatic index varied from 0.09 to 0.16%. Finally, after 11 months of age, testicular and body growth had a similar behavior. In conclusion, body weight, testicular biometry, and gonadosomatic index development accelerated in the ninth month.