Determinants of government consumption expenditure in developing countries : a panel data analysis

The paper focuses on the recent pattern of government consumption expenditure in developing countries and estimates the determinants which have influenced government expenditure. Using a panel data set for 111 developing countries from 1984 to 2004, this study finds evidence that political and institutional variables as well as governance variables significantly influence government expenditure. Among other results, the paper finds new evidence of Wagner's law which states that peoples' demand for service and willingness to pay is income-elastic hence the expansion of public economy is influenced by the greater economic affluence of a nation (Cameron1978). Corruption is found to be influential in explaining the public expenditure of developing countries. On the contrary, size of the economy and fractionalization are found to have significant negative association with government expenditure. In addition, the study finds evidence that public expenditure significantly shrinks under military dictatorship compared with other form of governance.

" Lines upon the late proceedings of the College Government" collection, 1787-1917

This collection contains various manifestations of a humorous poem, most often called "Lines upon the late proceedings of the College Government," written by classmates John Quincy Adams and John Murray Forbes in 1787. Both Adams and Forbes were members of the class of 1787, and the poem recounts events surrounding the pranks and ensuing punishment of two members of the class behind them, Robert Wier and James Prescott. Wier and Prescott had been caught drinking wine and making "riotous noise," and they were publicly reprimanded by Harvard President Joseph Willard and several professors and tutors, including Eliphalet Pearson, Eleazar James, Jonathan Burr, Nathan Read, and Timothy Lindall Jennison. The poem mocks these authority figures, but it spares Samuel Williams, whom it suggests was the only professor to find their antics humorous.

United States aid operations in Latin America. Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Eighty-seventh Congress, first session ...

Hearings held Nov. 27-Dec. 11, 1961.

Ship maintenance: foreign commercial shipyard repairs to U.S. government ships.

Mode of access: Internet.

Hearings on service academies' honor code before the Military Personnel Subcommittee of Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, first and second session, including reports by the service academies on the Borman Commission study, October 5, 6, 1977, August 1, 1978.

Mode of access: Internet.

Libya, 1969-1989, an American perspective : a guide to U.S. official documents and government-sponsored publications /

Includes index.

Need for an independent counsel to investigate U.S. government assistance to Iraq /

At head of title: 102d Congress, 2d session. Committee print, ser. no. 7.

U.S. policy and NATO military operations in Kosovo : hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, February 25; April 14; July 1, 20; October 14, 21; November 3, 1999.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0125-P.

Military dictionary (advance installment).

At head of title: TM 30-254.

Second to none : preserving America's military advantage through dual-use technology /

"February 1995."

The military history of World War II.

Vols. 1-2 have title: The first book military history of World War II.

Annual report of the Gettysburg National Military Park Commission to the Secretary of War.

Mode of access: Internet.

Reports and papers, political, geographical, & commercial submitted to government by Alexander Burnes, Lieutenant Leech, Doctor Lord, and Lieutenant Wood, employed on missions in the years 1835-36-37 in Scinde, Affghanisthan, and adjacent countries.

"Printed by order of government."--T.p.

Report on the state of education in Bengal. Published by the order of government.

Mode of access: Internet.

A digest of the laws of the United States & the State of South-Carolina now of force, relating to the militia : with an appendix, containing the patrol laws; the laws of the government of slaves and free persons of colour; the decisions of the Constitutional Court and Court of Appeals of South- Carolina therein; and an abstract from the rules and regulations of the United States' Army /

Mode of access: Internet.