Experimental study of phase equilibria in the PbO-ZnO-"Fe2O3"-(CaO+SiO2) system in air for the lead and zinc blast furnace sinters (CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.933 and PbO/(CaO+SiO2) ratios of 2.0 and 3.2)

Experimental studies on phase equilibria and liquidus in the multicomponent system PbO-ZnO-CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 in air have been conducted over the temperature range between 1323 K (1050 degreesC) and 1623 K (1350 degreesC) to characterize the phase relations of the complex slag systems encountered in lead and zinc blast furnace sinters. The liquidus in two pseudoternary sections ZnO-Fe2O3-(PbO + CaO + SiO2) with the CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.933 and PbO/(CaO + SiO2) weight ratios of 2.0 and 3.2 have been constructed.

Estudos sôbre a neutralização do caldo de cana nas usinas de açúcar: I - determinação do CaO e MgO totais e CaO disponível da Cal

Neste trabalho, que faz parte de uma série de pesquisas relacionadas com a neutralização do caldo de cana nas usinas de açúcar, é descrita a técnica de determinação quelatométrica do CaO e MgO totais e CaO disponível da cal. Os resultados fornecidos pela técnica preconizada foram comparados com aqueles obtidos através do emprêgo de métodos usuais. São também apresentados os primeiros estudos efetuados a respeito da capacidade neutralizadora da cal, em função do seu teor em oxido de calcio total e disponível, quando empregada na forma solida, na neutralização do caldo de cana.

A Log-linear model of grain size influence on the geochemistry of sediments

Sediment composition is mainly controlled by the nature of the source rock(s), and chemical (weathering) and physical processes (mechanical crushing, abrasion, hydrodynamic sorting) during alteration and transport. Although the factors controlling these processes are conceptually well understood, detailed quantification of compositional changes induced by a single process are rare, as are examples where the effects of several processes can be distinguished. The present study was designed to characterize the role of mechanical crushing and sorting in the absence of chemical weathering. Twenty sediment samples were taken from Alpine glaciers that erode almost pure granitoid lithologies. For each sample, 11 grain-size fractions from granules to clay (ø grades &-1 to &9) were separated, and each fraction was analysed for its chemical composition.The presence of clear steps in the box-plots of all parts (in adequate ilr and clr scales) against ø is assumed to be explained by typical crystal size ranges for the relevant mineral phases. These scatter plots and the biplot suggest a splitting of the full grain size range into three groups: coarser than ø=4 (comparatively rich in SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, and dominated by “felsic” minerals like quartz and feldspar), finer than ø=8 (comparatively rich in TiO2, MnO, MgO, Fe2O3, mostly related to “mafic” sheet silicates like biotite and chlorite), and intermediate grains sizes (4≤ø &8; comparatively rich in P2O5 and CaO, related to apatite, some feldspar).To further test the absence of chemical weathering, the observed compositions were regressed against three explanatory variables: a trend on grain size in ø scale, a step function for ø≥4, and another for ø≥8. The original hypothesis was that the trend could be identified with weathering effects, whereas each step function would highlight those minerals with biggest characteristic size at its lower end. Results suggest that this assumption is reasonable for the step function, but that besides weathering some other factors (different mechanical behavior of minerals) have also an important contribution to the trend.Key words: sediment, geochemistry, grain size, regression, step function

Evolução quantitativa de planossolos do agreste do estado de Pernambuco

A pedogênese dos solos planossólicos, especialmente da região do Agreste de Pernambuco, tem sido pouco estudada, havendo indicações e dúvidas relativas a alguns aspectos como a possível dualidade ou retrabalhamentos diferenciados na formação do material de origem, total das perdas e ganhos e a relativa mobilidade dos principais elementos constitutivos durante a evolução dos solos. Foram estudados três solos com marcantes contrastes texturais em uma topossequência da região. Foram estudados três solos com marcantes contrastes texturais em uma topossequência no Agreste de Pernambuco. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram averiguar a compatibilidade dos solos com os materiais geológicos subjacentes e avaliar quantitativamente as perdas e os ganhos ocorridos durante a pedogênese. Para isso foram realizadas análises química total e de zircônio (Zr) e quartzo, tomados como base para determinação de um índice de intemperização, em todos os horizontes dos solos e no material de origem. Verificou-se que os solos são constituídos por materiais autóctones, com apenas pequenas indicações de retrabalhamento dos materiais mais superficiais. Durante o processo de intemperização ou pedogênese, verificou-se perda de, aproximadamente, 50 % do peso original do solo. As perdas referentes aos principais elementos constituintes dos solos apresentaram a seguinte ordem: MgO > CaO > Fe2O3 > Al2O3 > SiO2. Os nítidos contrastes texturais, devido à argilização dos horizontes Bt, parecem ser principalmente resultado de uma combinação de outros processos, que não simples eluviação-iluviação.

Coherent tunnelling in Cu2+- and Ag2+-doped MgO and CaO: Cu2+ explored through ab initio calculations

The observation of coherent tunnelling in Cu2+ - and Ag2+ -doped MgO and CaO:Cu2+ was a crucial discovery in the realm of the Jahn-Teller (JT) effect. The main reasons favoring this dynamic behavior are now clarified through ab initio calculations on Cu2+ - and Ag2+ -doped cubic oxides. Small JT distortions and an unexpected low anharmonicity of the eg JT mode are behind energy barriers smaller than 25 cm-1 derived through CASPT2 calculations for Cu2+ - and Ag2+ -doped MgO and CaO:Cu2+ . The low anharmonicity is shown to come from a strong vibrational coupling of MO610- units (M=Cu,Ag) to the host lattice. The average distance between the d9 impurity and ligands is found to vary significantly on passing from MgO to SrO following to a good extent the lattice parameter.

Decomposição térmica de espumas de poliuretano para fabricação de vitrocerâmica celular de Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O3 (LZSA)

Characterization of the thermal decomposition of polyurethane (PUR) foams was performed by Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three main weight loss paths were observed by TGA, the residue being lower than 3 wt.% for 3 different PUR foams analyzed. FT-IR spectra indicated CO2, CO, NH3 and isocyanides as main decomposition products. PUR foams of different cell sizes were immersed in a slurry of the parent glass ceramic of composition Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al 2O3 (LZSA) and submitted to heat treatment. The LZSA cellular glass ceramics obtained after sintering and crystallization resembled the original morphology of the PUR foams.

Processamento e caracterização de espumas vitrocerâmicas do sistema sncp (Sio2-Na2o-Cao-P2 O5)

Glass-ceramics foams prepared from glasses of the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 by replication process were obtained and characterized in terms of their chemical and physical properties by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, laser diffraction, thermal analysis, density, mechanical strength, microstructural and cytotoxic analysis. The results showed that it is possible to produce glass-ceramic foams by the replication method with optimized properties but cytotoxic analysis indicates that the glass-ceramic foams are not bioactive materials. Mechanical strength values varying from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa and from 0.8 to 2.3 MPa were reached for mean particle sizes of 10 and 6 µm, respectively.

Avaliação da biocompatibilidade de vidro e vitrocerâmica do sistema SNCP (SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5)

This article reports research results related to bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests using neutral red uptake method for glass powders and bulk glass ceramics belonging to the SNCP (SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5) system. The obtained materials showed bioactivity when immersed in SBF promoting the surface deposition of HAp. When analyzed as powders, cytotoxicity was evidenced in the processed materials but not when bulk samples were tested.

Influence of initial CaO/SiO2 ratio on the hydration of rice husk ash-Ca(OH)2 and sugar cane bagasse ash-Ca(OH)2 pastes

This work presents the results of a study on the hydration of pastes containing calcium hydroxide and either rice husk ash (RHA) or sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) in various initial CaO/SiO2 molar ratios. The products of the reactions were characterized by thermal analyses X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In the case of the RHA pastes, the product was composed of CaO-SiO2-H2O (type I C-S-H) or CaO-SiO2-H2O (type II C-S-H) according to the CaO/SiO2 ratio of the mixture. In contrast, in the case of the SBCA pastes, the product was composed primarily of CaO-SiO2-H2O that differed from both the previous types; the product also contained inclusions of calcium aluminate hydrates.

SYNGAS PRODUCTION FROM CO2-REFORMING OF CH4 OVER SOL-GEL SYNTHESIZED Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 NANOCATALYST: EFFECT OF ZrO2 PRECURSOR ON CATALYST PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE

Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 nanocatalyst with utilization of two different zirconia precursors, namely, zirconyl nitrate hydrate (ZNH) and zirconyl nitrate solution (ZNS), was synthesized via the sol-gel method. The physiochemical properties of nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET and FTIR analyses and employed for syngas production from CO2-reforming of CH4. XRD patterns, exhibiting proper crystalline structure and homogeneous dispersion of active phase for the nanocatalyst ZNS precursor employed (NCAMZ-ZNS). FESEM and BET results of NCAMZ-ZNS presented more uniform morphology and smaller particle size and consequently higher surface areas. In addition, average particle size of NCAMZ-ZNS was 15.7 nm, which is close to the critical size for Ni-Co catalysts to avoid carbon formation. Moreover, FESEM analysis indicated both prepared samples were nanoscale. EDX analysis confirmed the existence of various elements used and also supported the statements made in the XRD and FESEM analyses regarding dispersion. Based on the excellent physiochemical properties, NCAMZ-ZNS exhibited the best reactant conversion across all of the evaluated temperatures, e.g. CH4 and CO2 conversions were 97.2 and 99% at 850 ºC, respectively. Furthermore, NCAMZ-ZNS demonstrated a stable yield with H2/CO close to unit value during the 1440 min stability test.

Estudio del diagrama de fases CaO-Al2O3-CoO

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Cerámica) UANL

Obtención de un material cerámico compuesto de MgAl2O4 en matriz de Al2O3 bajo la influencia de CaO por medio de microondas

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Cerámica) U.A.N.L.

Nuevo desarrollo de materiales a base de MgO-Espinel (MgO.Al2O3) - carbón por Oscar Díaz Toledo

Tesis (Doctor en Ing. de Materiales) U.A.N.L.

Influencia del hierro en la estructura del espinel en el sistema MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3 sinterizado en horno convencional y mediante microondas

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería de Materiales) UANL, 2001.

Estudio de las reacciones en fase sólida, dentro de la región formadora de vidrio en el sistema Na2O-CaO-SiO2 por Bellanira Garza Montoya.

[Tesis] (Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación en Ingeniería Cerámica) U.A.N.L.