La grâce dans la philosophie de Vladimir Jankélévitch

Ce mémoire a pour objet de décrire l’opération de la grâce dans la pensée de Jankélévitch. Pour y parvenir, notre exposé prendra la forme d’un itinéraire éthique. Nous montrerons d’abord que l’homme peut vouloir de deux manières différentes. Il peut se préférer lui-même, se placer comme finalité de son action ou bien, à l’inverse, choisir l’autre comme point focal. Cette deuxième option ne va pas de soi et nécessite un effort de liberté. Dans un deuxième temps, nous expliquerons que ces deux manières de vouloir impliquent la conscience. Se préférer module la conscience tout comme préférer son prochain. Or, la conscience est animée d’une dynamique propre. L’éthique devra chercher à allier la manière de vouloir à celle-ci. Un bon vouloir en phase avec l’évolution de la conscience mène à l’innocence, le stade ultime de la conscience, aussi appelée l’état de grâce. Cet état de grâce est un point culminant, difficile à atteindre et qui commande un important effort de liberté. Il rend possible l’opération de la grâce, objet de notre troisième chapitre. L’opération de la grâce est un moment de conversion qui place l’homme au-dessus de sa nature biologique et le fait coïncider avec un mouvement métempirique. Lorsque cela se produit, l’agent touche au sommet de la vie morale jankélévitchienne, il devient créateur de valeur, générateur de la morale.

Del lado acá de las candilejas : configuraciones teatrales en cinco relatos de guerra del tiempo, de Alejo Carpentier /

Demuestra la relación existente entre la estructura teatral y la estructura narrativa en cinco cuentos de Alejo Carpentier. Para desarrollar esta investigación se considero solo aquellos estudios que se refieren específicamente a las obras literarias a analizar ("Oficio de tinieblas", "Viaje a la semilla", "Semejante a la noche", "El camino de Santiago", y "El derecho de asilo"). Estos artículos se clasificaron según el cuento al que hacen referencia y respetando el orden cronológico de su publicación

Alejo Carpentier : el gran teatro de la historia /

Ponencia presentada en el VIII Congreso de Filología, Lingüística y Literatura, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, noviembre de 1999,

L'interprete e le metafore nella comunicazione politica: analisi di alcuni interventi di Vladimir Putin

Questa tesi è dedicata al ruolo della metafora nella comunicazione politica dal punto di vista di un interprete di conferenza. In essa si effettua un'analisi di un corpus di metafore utilizzate da Vladimir Putin e si inquadra la metafora nel contesto dell’interpretazione simultanea. La metafora, infatti, gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel trasmettere l’intenzione comunicativa dell’oratore. Dunque, è importante che l’interprete sia conscio dei modelli metaforici più frequenti nel discorso politico, nonché delle strategie migliori da adottare di fronte ai vari tipi di metafore. Il primo capitolo è dedicato ad alcune delle teorie sulla metafora. Si evidenzia il passaggio da una concezione “classica” di metafora come abbellimento del testo, all’idea più recente della metafora come fenomeno cognitivo. Si discute inoltre della traduzione della metafora, della sua categorizzazione, su una scala da metafora viva a metafora “morta”, e del concetto di metafora universale. Il secondo capitolo riguarda il ruolo della metafora nella comunicazione politica, le funzioni da essa svolte e il suo potere persuasivo. Si presentano le metafore più diffuse nei discorsi politici russi e il particolare stile comunicativo di Vladimir Putin. Il terzo capitolo analizza un corpus di metafore di Vladimir Putin. Le metafore estratte sono classificate su una scala, dalle più alle meno lessicalizzate; si evidenziano le metafore concettuali più frequenti e le potenziali difficoltà che possono emergere nella resa in interpretazione simultanea.

Use of chromosome microdissection in fish molecular cytogenetics

Chromosome microdissection is a technique in which whole chromosomes or chromosomal segments are dissected under an inverted microscope yielding chromosome-specific sequences. Several protocol modifications introduced during the past 15 years reduced the number of chromosomes required for most applications. This is of particular interest to fish molecular cytogenetics, since most species present highly uniform karyotypes which make impossible the collection of multiple copies of the same chromosome. Probes developed in this manner can be used to investigate chromosome homologies in closely related species. Here we describe a protocol recently used in the gymnotiform species group Eigenmannia and review the major steps involved in the generation of these markers focusing on protocol modifications aiming to reduce the number of required chromosomes.

Drug consumption among medical students in São Paulo, Brazil: influences of gender and academic year

OBJECTIVE: To analyze alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among medical students. METHOD: Over a five-year period (1996-2001), we evaluated 457 students at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine, located in São Paulo, Brazil. The students participated by filling out an anonymous questionnaire on drug use (lifetime, previous 12 months and previous 30 days). The influence that gender and academic year have on drug use was also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, there was an increase in the use of illicit drugs, especially inhalants and amphetamines, among the medical students evaluated. Drug use (except that of marijuana and inhalants) was comparable between the genders, and academic year was an important influencing factor. DISCUSSION: Increased inhalant use was observed among the medical students, especially among males and students in the early undergraduate years. This is suggestive of a specific behavioral pattern among medical students. Our findings corroborate those of previous studies. CONCLUSION: Inhalant use is on the rise among medical students at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine. Because of the negative health effects of illicit drug use, further studies are needed in order to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and to facilitate the development of preventive measures.

Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of glutaraldehyde crosslinked bovine pericardium followed by glutamic acid treatment

Major problems with valve bioprostheses are associated with progressive structural deterioration and calcification, directly associated with the use of glutaraldehyde (GA). This work describes the effects of GA processing and borate/glutamic acid buffer treatment on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of 0.5% GA crosslinked bovine pericardium (BP). The results showed that while the treatment of 0.5% GA crosslinked BP with borate/glutamic acid significantly improves the mechanical properties, it had no visible effect on surface morphology. Better surface preservation was only achieved for BP pre-treated with a lower GA concentration followed by the conventional treatment (0.5% GA). Improvements in mechanical properties probably arises from structural changes probably involving the depolymerization of polymeric GA crosslinks and an increase electrostatic interaction due to covalent binding of glutamic acid to free carbonyl groups (Schiff base).The results indicate that the treatment GA crosslinked BP with borate/glutamic acid buffer may be an attractive procedure for the manufacture of heart valve bioprostheses.

Synthesis and total H-1- and C-13-NMR assignment of cephem derivatives for use in ADEPT approaches

We report the synthesis and total NMR characterization of 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[[[(4''-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-methyl]-8-oxo-7[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (5), a new cephalosporin derivative. This compound can be used as the carrier of a wide range of drugs containing an amino group. The preparation of the intermediate product, 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl-4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino) pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (6), as well as the synthesis of the antimalarial primaquine prodrug 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl-4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino) pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-5-dioxide (7) are also described, together with their total H-1- and C-13-NMR assignments.

Selectivity in reduction of natural furanoheliangolides with Stryker's reagent

Reduction of the natural sesquiterpene lactones furanoheliangolides with Stryker's reagent is an effective process for producing eremantholides through a biomimetic pathway. Other reduction products are also formed. Oxygenated functions at C-15 of the furanoheliangolide produce an increase in the velocities of the reactions and reduce the chemoselectivity of the reagent.