Proposta metodológica de ensino de biologia da educação numa abordagem dialético-construtivista

Urna proposta metodológica de ensino e o objeto deste trabalho. Para seu desenvolvimento recorre-se à história das ciências com o objetivo de esclarecer a atual si tuação epistemológica da Biologia e, conseqüentemente, da Biologia da Educação. A epistemologia da biologia é anall sada, com vistas à superação da racionalidade cartesiana. Esta racionalidade é elucidada por meio de urna análise his tórica de correntes presentes no pensamento biológico,atravês das quais se percebe a influência do positivismo na ló gica presente nessa ciência. Contrapondo-se à visão positivista e cartesiana ainda presente na Biologia, propõe-se um paradigma sistêmico, holÍstico e dialetico, que viabilize urna Vlsao integradora dessa área de conhecimento. O estudo da construção do conhecimento é realiza do corno subsídio para a elaboração de urna proposta constru tivista de ensino, que é desenvolvida numa Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. Em paralelo, realizam-se observações de campo em duas outras Universidades, com vistas à análise de procedimentos metodológicos de ensino. A proposta de ensino segundo o construcionismo -di alêtico obtém êxito e recomendam-se o aprofundamento teóri co do construtivismo e amplo debate sobre a Biologia da Educação, com base na epistemologia da Biologia.

O ensino da teoria da relatividade especial no nível médio : uma abordagem histórica e conceitual

E ste trabalho relata uma experiência de inserção do ensino da teoria da Relatividade Especial com alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A aplicação do projeto em sala de aula foi parte integrante das atividades curriculares normais dos alunos, em duas escolas, uma localizada no município de São Jerônimo-RS, Colégio Cenecista Carlos Maximiliano, e outra localizada no município de Triunfo-RS, Escola Técnica Municipal Farroupilha. Foi elaborado um texto para os alunos, contendo a base histórica e conceitual do tema, além de um manual de auxílio aos professores. O texto dos alunos contempla os principais fatos históricos, desde Aristóteles até as conclusões de Albert Einstein, que levaram à construção da Relatividade Especial em 1905. São tratados os conceitos de simultaneidade, dilatação temporal, contração do comprimento, adição de velocidades e energia relativística. A experiência é avaliada, principalmente através de um questionário respondido pelos alunos, antes e após a aplicação do projeto. Também foi feita uma análise de alguns livros de Física do ensino médio, sobre o tratamento dado à teoria da Relatividade Especial. O trabalho foi embasado na teoria de desenvolvimento humano histórico-cultural de Vygotsky e na teoria de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel e Novak. Acreditamos ter mostrado que é possível incluir o tratamento regular da teoria da Relatividade Especial em escolas de nível médio, contemplando assim os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais que apontam para uma ênfase à Física contemporânea.

O ensino da música como actividade extraescolar: uma abordagem reflexiva e construtiva sobre as práticas pedagógicas dos professores no âmbito da inovação pedagógica

A aprendizagem de um instrumento musical articula diferentes perspetivas tendo em conta convenções, técnicas, alunos, músicos, professores e escolas. A forma como a música é vista no contexto cultural e social, ainda representa um conjunto de múltiplas intersecções ancoradas a uma música ‘monocultural’. Nem as políticas nem as formações têm acompanhado as mudanças, originando um confronto paradigmático entre as tendências da tradição clássica romântica e as contemporâneas. Com objetivos em compreender e refletir sobre as práticas pedagógicas dos professores, esta investigação teve em consideração os seguintes pontos: a formação inicial dos professores e a sua influência no seu campo de ação; as tendências profissionais; a relação entre mestre e aluno; a cultura cultivada perante a popular; e um ensino da música como atividade extraescolar. O presente estudo foi realizado no Gabinete Coordenador de Educação Artística / Divisão de Expressões Artísticas, no Município do Funchal, partindo dos princípios etnográficos assentes na realização de entrevistas e observações no contexto da sala de aula. Por ser um estudo de caso, este trabalho não pretende fazer generalizações embora emerja do campo de análise, dados aos quais poderão constituir elemento de reflexão em outros trabalhos dentro deste campo musical. As convenções em articulação com as novas práticas emergentes resultam, numa aprendizagem híbrida, assente numa diversidade cultural e musical, num contexto extraescolar.

A (re)construção do PCT: uma abordagem às práticas dos professores no âmbito da gestão/flexibilização curricular. Um estudo numa turma do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico RAM

Num mundo marcado pela globalização e mundialização dos problemas, um mundo igualmente em busca da preservação das raízes locais e identitárias, novas exigências se impõem à escola, no sentido de esta acompanhar as mudanças ocorridas e se adaptar às novas realidades. Uma adaptação que passa por soluções cada vez mais flexíveis e diferenciadas, pressupondo ou implicando uma mudança igualmente ao nível das políticas educativas, numa sociedade também ela cada vez mais heterogénea, pelo que a resposta está na “diversificação e gestão local do currículo”, em cujo âmbito a “(re)construção do PCT” vai assumir uma importância singular. Assim, o estudo que agora apresentamos propõe-se analisar, de maneira crítica e fundamentada, as conceções e as práticas dos docentes de uma turma do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico do Funchal – RAM, no campo da reorganização curricular para este nível de ensino, estabelecida pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 6/2001, procurando entender “de que forma é que eles (re)constroem o seu PCT”, enquanto ferramenta para uma gestão curricular flexível e adequada à diversidade da turma a que se destina, à sua realidade mais particular ou específica. Nesse sentido, a recolha de dados implicou uma abordagem qualitativa, consubstanciada pela análise de documentos referentes às entrevistas, aos inquéritos por questionário, aos Projetos da escola (PEE e PCE) e ao Projeto da turma dos docentes nele envolvidos (PCT), e ainda às observações levadas a cabo na mesma. Não obstante as limitações que um estudo desta natureza apresenta, os resultados apontam para a urgência de uma mudança ao nível das práticas neste âmbito. Por conseguinte, percebemos que os docentes, de um modo geral, dominam a noção de PCT e as conceções a ele inerentes, e reconhecem as vantagens da sua (re)construção, sobretudo ao nível da oferta educativa e consequente melhoria da aprendizagem dos alunos. No entanto, também percebemos que falta melhorar certos aspetos ao nível da ação, melhor dizendo, da interação e colaboração docente, para uma mudança significativa das práticas, para uma verdadeira (re)construção do PCT. De qualquer modo, ficou patente a necessidade de uma aposta na formação dos professores, de forma a promover e estimular neles uma “cultura de Projeto”, e a dotálos com as devidas competências que lhes permitam práticas colaborativas e os ajudem na (re)construção de PCT com sentido, numa escola para todos.

Uma modelagem de indicadores de desempenho para instituições de ensino superior no Brasil na abordagem do balanced scorecard: um estudo com instituições privadas

This Master of Science Thesis deals with a BSC modeling for higher education institution focusing on private institution in the Brazilian context. It‟s accomplished a literature review in order to understand the BSC and its application to for profit and non for profit organizations and as a main result it is proposed a BSC conceptual model with a new perspective (Government) and a change in the hierarchy of the main BSC perspective equaling financial to customer/society. Taking the national higher education assessment system of Education Ministry indicators a model is deployed and the relations between the indicators are measured with the Pearson correlation coefficient. As a result a model emerges with sound relations of indicators but a improvement in the financial indicators is needed

Cosmoeducação: uma abordagem transdisciplinar no ensino de astronomia

This work proposes a transdisciplinary approach that integrates transpersonal psychology exercises with astronomy teaching, seeking to allow one to reintegrate the sky in his/her daily life, expand his/her environmental awareness and eventually experiment the unity between human and cosmos. This proposal intends to collaborate with the supplying of education, which lacks initiatives of this kind, with the promotion of an integration of the scientific knowledge with the human experience that transcends the materialistic and fragmentary objectives of the current educational system. As a result of that lack, the teachers formation is also poor as for an integral and transdisciplinary approach. Besides, we also approached in this research the necessity to propose alternatives so that the educators may work in a more assertive way with the environmental and anthropological crisis in which we are living. Our working hypothesis is that the contents of astronomy, when they are dealt in a holisticanthropological focus and are related with transpersonal psychology practices, can come to be an efficient cultural-academic vehicle, capable of propitiating an expansion of consciousness and changes in the way one conceives the world. Such changes are necessary so that a more solidary, fair and ecologically balanced life may come to exist and prevail in the planet. Part of the collection of data was done through the ethnographic method, once an anthropological interpretation is inextricably associated with this kind of educational intervention, which will naturally include ethno-visions of the universe as well as specific cultural elements. In the beginning the scope of this research was a group of students attending the Astronomy assignment in an undergraduate Geography course (UFRN), in which we accomplished participant observation, half-open interviews and the first experimental practices mentioned. After the evaluation of the first data collected from that initial group, we elaborated an academic extension course, Laboratory in Cosmoeducation, and we offered it to teachers of the 1st and 2nd cycles of the fundamental level of the Alceu Amoroso Lima State School, located in the North Zone of Natal. We prized self-experimentation in that course, so that the teachers could enrich their repertoire of personal experiences, stimulating meditative reflections and eventual changes in the ways of conceiving the world and in their pedagogical practice. The transdisciplinary attitude permeated all our educational action, because this approach transcends the boundaries of disciplines, seeking essentially the integral development of the human being. The process has made us realize that the practice of looking at the sky , as a way of reintegrating it into daily life, provokes a process of expansion of the consciousness and of reintegration of the self in a wider level of environmental interrelation. According to the results, the occurrence of conceptual and existential changes of the world vision of the participant teachers was evident, reassuring ourselves of the idea that the interface between astronomy teaching and the practices of transpersonal psychology can contribute to the recovery of a holistic relationship between the human being and the cosmos and to inspire the arising of a more wide-ranging ethics, based on universal, impartial and sustainable values

O Ensino de medidas e grandezas através de uma abordagem investigatória

This work relates our experience in an investigative practice in the classroom, carried out in State School Jorge Fernandes , located in Natal - RN, having as objective to validate the applying of a education module about Measures and Largenesses in Primary Teaching. We used the constructivist approach; using to Richard s Skemp (1980) theory in order to explicit the students learning according to their comprehension levels. Initially, we carry out an exploratory research to check the participant s previous knowledge. Then, we developed an intervention to validate an education module, structured from needs pointed out from results of the initial research, analyzing the students advances through the final evaluation, displaying growth stages of group front to the knowledge about the matter approached. Finally, we presented our reflections about our experience; putting forward suggestions of the teachers activities, aiming at contributing to the improvement of their practices in classroom during the approach of subject for us investigated

Uma abordagem histórica para o ensino do princípio da inércia

Placed in the field of Didactic of Science, this paper proposes an approach to the introduction of the History of Science in science education, at high school level. It was designed and implemented a series of activities regarding the history of the Principle of Inertia. The aim of this approach was to give more meaning to scientific education, while opening new avenues for a better understanding of the processes of construction of scientific knowledge. The preparation of the activities involved a study of the historical development of the concept of motion, from the Aristotelian physics through physical movement concepts at medieval period, from Galileo, Gassendi, Descartes, until the first law of Newton. The strategy of teaching was applied to three classes of high school (night period) of a state public school at the city of Natal (RN). The results indicated the difficulty of overcoming alternative conceptions about movement by students. Nevertheless, we consider that the implementation of this strategy of teaching both represented gains for the learning of students, and contributed to the resizing of pedagogical practices of the teacher-researcher

Elaboração e aplicação de uma sequência de atividades para o ensino da trigonometria numa abordagem histórica

The present work aims to report the construction of a workbook for teaching trigonometry focusing the possible mix between the historical approach to the teaching of mathematics and the professional master´s degree. For this, considerations about the history of mathematics as a teaching methodology, the education of the math teacher who will teach trigonometry and also about the course of elaboration and experimentation of the activities in the workbook were made (using the methodological strategy of action research). Finally, the workbook for the teaching of trigonometry in a historical approach is presented as an example of the above mentioned mix between the history of mathematics, mathematical school content and the professional master´s degree

O uso da abordagem CTSA para o ensino de energia tendo o desenvolvimento sustentável como eixo temático

In recent decades, humanity has become increasingly concerned with environmental problems. Proofs of this are increasing initiatives in civil society organizations, private institutions and government actions, either local, state or national actions to promote environmental protection. The goal of this research is to contribute to the formation of citizens more aware of their responsibilities to sustainable development issues, simultaneously to their learning of physics in the secondary school. Thus, we have designed a research project that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the adoption of the concept of sustainable development as a central theme in physics classes in high school. From this goal, we designed, implemented and evaluate lesson plans that aim not only to construct and apply the concept of energy, but also to understand their transformations and conservation law, as well as their processes of production, distribution and consume in the context of physical laws in which it is involved. Then, it was deliberately provided to students, during classes, to read, interpret and produce texts, by this way being able to think and start to have a critical view of the world around him, as well as absorb the energy concept and understand his occurrence in phenomena of nature and in technologies. The approach used for this was that constraining science, technology, society and environment - STSE. This teaching methodology has been applied in the IFRN Ipanguaçu campus, for students of two classes of first year of high school integrated course in agroecology and in technical computing. The survey results show the effectiveness of both methods with respect to the viewpoints of students in relation to the guidelines of sustainable development and the learning of physics content proposed. It is hoped with this dissertation to contribute to the formation of future men and women as citizens environmentally friendly, but also as a source of inspiration for teachers who wish to foster in its students such a critical position about civic education, from their classes

Variação, mudança e ensino: o caso dos pronomes possessivos da gente e nosso(a)(s) em uma abordagem sociofuncionalista

In this work, we analyze the variation and change phenomenon involving the possessive pronouns da gente and nosso(a)(s) in the light of the theoretical referentials of the North-american linguistic functionalism and of the variationist sociolinguistics. At first we present the phenomenon itself, highlighting the fact that few studies have considered it as an object, gap which we will try to fill in with our contribution. In the following chapter, we emphasize concepts and principles of the functionalism and the sociolinguistics that are used as our background for the data analysis. In the third chapter, we present what the normative grammars inform about our object of study, besides synthesizing some works on variation and change involving the personal pronouns nós and a gente. In the following chapter, we analyze the data. We used data from the Discurso & Gramática a língua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) corpus. In this chapter we present the results for the groups of social and linguistic factors which we can control. Grounded on these results, we specify the preferential contexts for employing the pronouns da gente and nosso(a)(s) and we observe that the social motivations, the valorization credited to the forms and the identity marks underly the restrictions exercised in their use by social factor groups, besides obtaining signs of ongoing changes in apparent time (from the age factor groups) and possible use specializations of each form, what helped us verify the course of the grammaticalization process of the referred pronouns in the community of Natal. In the sixth chapter, we make some considerations on the teaching of grammar and propose activities which can be carried on in the classroom involving the possessive pronouns da gente and nosso(a)(s) considering the variation and change issue

Conectores sequenciadores e e aí em contos e narrativas de experiência pessoal escritos por alunos de ensino fundamental: uma abordagem sociofuncionalista

In this dissertation, based on two theoretical frameworks, American functionalism and variationist sociolinguistics, I take as subject the sequence connectors E and AÍ, which has the grammatical function of indicating retroactive-propeller sequenciation of information. I analyze the variable use of these connectors in texts written by students from two public schools in the city of Natal, RN, attending at the time of data collection (the year 2012), two distinct levels of basic education: the sixth and the ninth year. The students who contributed to this research wrote, as part of their activities in the classroom, texts of two narrative genres: narrative of personal experience (non-fictional) and short story (fictional). In addition, these students and their Portuguese teachers answered a test of linguistic attitude in which they gave their opinions regarding the appropriateness of the use of connectors E and AÍ in contexts of speech and writing marked by distinct degrees of formality. The results obtained by means of quantitative analysis showed different tendencies of linguistic, social and stylistic distribution of connectors E and AÍ in the narrative texts written by the students. I related these results to the action of two principles: the principle of persistence, linked to the process of change by grammaticalization, and the principle of stylistic markedness. Besides, I took into account the answers provided by students and teachers to the test of linguistic attitude for refine the interpretation of the results

Abordagem cognitiva da construção deverbal x-dor: contribuições para o ensino do português

This work analyzes deverbal nominalizations with the sufix dor in Brazilian Portuguese, under the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, more specifically, the Construction Grammar. The aim is to determine the general features of interpretation that characterize this deverbal construction and its use in formal writing. Based on the cognitive assumption that grammatical structure is motivated, explained, and determined by the structure of cognitive patterns, created from our experience in the world, and by the communicative function of language, the dor deverbal is treated as a polysemic grammatical construction. In the composition of V+dor, the relation rootsuffix is focused, through a characterization of the syntactic-semantic nature of the verb and the values of the suffix. Among the different values conventionally related to the XDOR construction, the agentive is considered as the prototypical sense. The relation between the other values and the prototype is explained by cognitive abilities and discourse motivations. The deverbal construction X-DOR is also interpreted as a valency noun that, like an action nominal, retains the argument structure of the deriving predicate. It is also intended to demonstrate the textual function of this deverbal construction, as a device of information condensing and anaphoric recovery. The data were taken from Veja magazine and the approach is qualitative (explicative), with quantitative support