Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 involvement in canine tumors

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes implicated in the degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix and in vascularization. They are also involved in pathologic processes such as tumor invasion and metastasis in experimental cancer models and in human malignancies. We used gelatin zymography and inummohistochemistry to determine whether MMP-2 and MMP-9 are present in canine tumors and normal tissues and whether MMP production correlates with clinicopathologic parameters of prognostic importance. High levels of pro-MMP-9, pro-MMP-2, and active MMP-2 were detected in most canine tumors. Significantly higher MMP levels were measured in canine tumors than in nontumors, malignancies had higher MMP levels than benign tumors, and sarcomas had higher active MMP-2 than carcinomas. Cartilaginous tumors produced higher MMP levels than did nonsarcomatous malignancies, benign tumors, and normal tissues, and significantly greater MMP-2 than osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas. Pro-MMP-9 production correlated with the histologic grade of osteosarcomas. The 62-kd form of active MMP-2 was detected only in high-grade, p53-positive, metastatic malignancies. Zymography proved to be a sensitive and quantitative technique for the assessment of MMP presence but has the limitation of requiring fresh tissue; inummohistochemistry is qualitative and comparatively insensitive but could be of value in archival studies. MMP presence was shown in a range of canine tumors, and their link to tumor type and grade was demonstrated for the first time. This study will allow a substantially improved evaluation of veterinary cancer patients and provides baseline information necessary for the design of clinical trials targeting MMPs.

Large sets of large sets of Steiner triple systems of order 9

We describe a direct method of partitioning the 840 Steiner triple systems of order 9 into 120 large sets. The method produces partitions in which all of the large sets are isomorphic and we apply the method to each of the two non-isomorphic large sets of STS(9).

Decreased coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities and CYP2A6 expression levels in humans caused by genetic polymorphism in CYP2A6 promoter region (CYP2A6*9)

One of seven poor metabolizers of coumarin found in Thai subjects was previously genotyped as heterozygote for the CYP2A6*4 (whole deletion) and CYP2A6*9. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphism in the TATA box of the CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*9), expression levels of CYP2A6 mRNA and coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities in human livers. Levels of CYP2A6 mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The mean expression levels of CYP2A6 mRNA in individuals with CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9 and CYP2A6*4/*9 were 58%, 71% and 21% of the individuals genotyped as CYP2A6*1/*1, respectively. The mean in-vitro coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities in subjects carrying CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9 and CYP2A6*4/*9 were 41%, 71% and 12%, respectively, compared to those of the subjects judged as wild-type. Vmax values for coumarin 7-hydroxylation in the liver microsomes from human subjects with genotypes of CYP2A6*1/*1, CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9 and CYP2A6*4/*9 were 0.58, 0.26, 0.44 and 0.13 nmol/min/nmol total P450, respectively. CYP2A6 protein levels in human liver microsomes with the CYP2A6*4 and the CYP2A6*9 alleles were markedly decreased. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphism in the promoter region of the CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*9) reduced the expression levels of CYP2A6 mRNA and protein in human livers, resulting in the decrease of coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities. Individuals judged as CYP2A6*4/*9 were expected to be poor metabolizers, having extremely low activity of CYP2A6.

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of 9-carboxyhexahydro-7-methoxy-4a,7-ethano-benzopyran-5-en-1-one

9-Carboxyhexahydro-7-methoxy-4a,7-ethano-benzopyran-5-en-1-one (1) was prepared and examined by X-ray crystallography to probe its potential as a new peptide scaffold/template. The crystal structure of the anhydride precursor 7-(2-acetoxyethyl)-4-methoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-ethanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione (6) is also reported.

A????es premiadas no 9?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal 2004

Nesta publica????o, referente ao 9?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, o leitor encontrar?? iniciativas inovadoras nas seguintes ??reas: Articula????o de parcerias; atendimento ao cidad??o e inclus??o digital; gerenciamento de custos; planejamento e gest??o estrat??gica; simplifica????o e agiliza????o de procedimentos

Texto para discuss??o 9: administra????o p??blica gerencial: estrat??gia e estrutura para um novo Estado

Na d??cada de 80, logo depois da eclos??o da crise de endividamento internacional, o tema que prendeu a aten????o de pol??ticos e economistas em todo o mundo foi o ajuste estrutural ou, em termos mais anal??ticos, o ajuste fiscal e as reformas orientadas para o mercado. Nos anos 90, embora o ajuste estrutural permane??a entre os principais objetivos, a ??nfase deslocou-se para a reforma do Estado, particularmente para a reforma administrativa. A quest??o central hoje ?? como reconstruir o Estado ??? como redefinir o novo Estado que est?? surgindo em um mundo globalizado

M??dulo 9 - comiss??o de licita????o: curso legisla????o aplicada ?? log??stica de suprimentos Lei 8.666/93, preg??o e registro de pre??os

Este documento trata de: aspectos conceituais da lei: finalidade, import??ncia e hierarquia da lei.; no????es gerais da lei de licita????es - Lei n?? 8.666/93; tipos de licita????o:menor pre??o, melhor t??cnica, t??cnica e pre??o e maior lance ou oferta; modalidades de licita????o: concorr??ncia, tomada de pre??os, convite, concurso e leil??o; exce????es ?? obrigatoriedade de licita????o: dispensa e inexigibilidade; regime de execu????o indireta; comiss??o de licita????o; etapas do processo licitat??rio: edital, procedimentos/documentos do certame, registro cadastral, habilita????o dos interessados, julgamento e encerramento; preg??o; registro de pre??os

Curso de especializa????o em gest??o p??blica: 9?? edi????o - 2013/2014

A especializa????o em Gest??o P??blica ?? um curso de p??s-gradua????o "lato sensu" oferecido pela ENAP desde 2002. ?? um curso que busca contribuir para a melhoria da gest??o p??blica, promovendo a forma????o profissional dos servidores p??blicos do Poder Executivo Federal. O curso foi concebido de forma a aproximar os participantes das quest??es concretas da pr??tica governamental, com estrat??gias de ensino te??rico-aplicado, por meio de instrumentos did??tico-pedag??gicos que facilitem a apropria????o daquela realidade, sua an??lise e enfrentamento dos problemas identificados

Disciplina 4.9: sistema de or??amento federal

O Sistema de Or??amento Federal: ??rg??o central (SOF), ??rg??os setoriais e seccionais; processo e sistema or??ament??rio. As fun????es do or??amento. Aspectos institucionais e legais da fun????o or??ament??ria. Contexto legal e normativo do processo or??ament??rio. Modelos or??ament??rios. A reforma gerencial do or??amento (nova concep????o de programa). Classifica????es or??ament??rias e a transpar??ncia das opera????es or??ament??rias. Classifica????o funcional e estrutura program??tica, tipos de opera????es or??ament??rias (atividades, projetos e opera????es especiais). Classifica????o da despesa. A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal: princ??pios de responsabilidade na gest??o das finan??as p??blicas nacionais; a LRF como mecanismo de controle das contas p??blicas; as inova????es or??ament??rias; novas atribui????es da Lei de Diretrizes Or??ament??rias; a Receita P??blica ap??s a LRF; as Novas Exig??ncias para a Gera????o de Despesas P??blicas; a D??vida P??blica; a transpar??ncia na elabora????o e execu????o dos instrumentos de planejamento, execu????o e presta????o de contas; a responsabilidade civil, penal e administrativa dos gestores p??blicos.

9?? Encontro Nacional de Escolas de Governo

Este relat??rio apresenta uma s??ntese dos resultados do IX Encontro Nacional de Escolas de Governo, realizado na Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica, ENAP, nos dias 24 e 25 de maio de 2012, Em Bras??lia.

9?? concurso inova????o na gest??o p??blica federal: id??ias que fazem diferen??a

Para premiar e incentivar a gera????o e incorpora????o de novas pr??ticas e conhecimentos na gest??o p??blica, a ENAP e o Minist??rio do Planejamento, Or??amento e Gest??o promovem, desde 1996, o Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal. Em 2004, os tr??s primeiros colocados foram o Sistema Radar Comercial, do Minist??rio do Desenvolvimento, Ind??stria e Com??rcio Exterior (MDIC), o Sistema de Custos e Informa????es Gerenciais, do Banco Central (Bacen), e o Centro de Pesquisas do HCPA: Inovando a gest??o da pesquisa, por meio de laborat??rios compartilhados, do Hospital de Cl??nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). A RSP conversou com as equipes vencedoras do 9?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal para relatar um pouco de suas experi??ncias.

Effects of mercury on the arterial blood pressure of anesthetized rats

The available data suggests that hypotension caused by Hg2+ administration may be produced by a reduction of cardiac contractility or by cholinergic mechanisms. The hemodynamic effects of an intravenous injection of HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) were studied in anesthetized rats (N = 12) by monitoring left and right ventricular (LV and RV) systolic and diastolic pressures for 120 min. After HgCl2 administration the LV systolic pressure decreased only after 40 min (99 ± 3.3 to 85 ± 8.8 mmHg at 80 min). However, RV systolic pressure increased, initially slowly but faster after 30 min (25 ± 1.8 to 42 ± 1.6 mmHg at 80 min). Both right and left diastolic pressures increased after HgCl2 treatment, suggesting the development of diastolic ventricular dysfunction. Since HgCl2 could be increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, isolated lungs (N = 10) were perfused for 80 min with Krebs solution (continuous flow of 10 ml/min) containing or not 5 µM HgCl2. A continuous increase in pulmonary vascular resistance was observed, suggesting the direct effect of Hg2+ on the pulmonary vessels (12 ± 0.4 to 29 ± 3.2 mmHg at 30 min). To examine the interactions of Hg2+ and changes in cholinergic activity we analyzed the effects of acetylcholine (Ach) on mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) in anesthetized rats (N = 9) before and after Hg2+ treatment (5 mg/kg). Using the same amount and route used to study the hemodynamic effects we also examined the effects of Hg2+ administration on heart and plasma cholinesterase activity (N = 10). The in vivo hypotensive response to Ach (0.035 to 10.5 µg) was reduced after Hg2+ treatment. Cholinesterase activity (µM h-1 mg protein-1) increased in heart and plasma (32 and 65%, respectively) after Hg2+ treatment. In conclusion, the reduction in ABP produced by Hg2+ is not dependent on a putative increase in cholinergic activity. HgCl2 mainly affects cardiac function. The increased pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac failure due to diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles are factors that might contribute to the reduction of cardiac output and the fall in arterial pressure.

Criteria for ERP selection using an AHP approach

Information systems are a foundation key element of modern organizations. Quite often, chief executive officers and managers have to decide about the acquisition of new software solution based in an appropriated set of criteria. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one technique used to support that kind of decisions. This paper proposes the application of AHP method to the selection of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, identifying the set of criteria to be used. A set of criteria was retrieved from the scientific literature and validated through a survey-based approach.