A uniform 290 nm periodic square structure on ZnO fabricated by two-beam femtosecond laser ablation

A uniform submicron periodic square structure was fabricated on the surface of ZnO by a technique of two linearly polarized femtosecond laser beams with orthogonal polarizations ablating material alternately. The formed two-dimensional ordering submicron structure consists of close-packed submicron squares with a spacial periodicity of 290 nm, which arises from the intercrossing of two orthogonal submicron ripple structures induced by the two beams respectively. The result demonstrates a noninterference effect of two-beam ablation based on the alternate technique, which should come from the polarization-dependent enhancement of the subwavelength ripple structure and the large interval of two alternate pulses. This two-beam alternate ablation technique is expected to open up prospects for the submicron fabrication of wide-bandgap materials.

Rückläufige Tendenz des Dorschbestandes in der zentralen Ostsee hält an - (262. Forschungsreise des FFK "Solea" vom 31.1.-10.2.1989)

Die stark rückläufige Tendenz des Dorschbestandes in der zentralen Ostsee, östlich von Bornholm, über die in den letzten Jahren berichtet wurde, hält nach den Untersuchungen des FFK "Solea" (31.1. - 10.2.1989)an. Im Bornholm Becken lag der durchschnittliche Grundschleppnetzfang je Stunde auf Wassertiefen flacher als 75 m, wo ausreichende Sauerstoffverhältnisse am Boden waren, im EG-Bereich mit 2,5 Korb nochmals niedriger als 1988 (3 Korb). Er lag damit fast um 2/3 niedriger als im langjährigen Mittel 1980-1986. Die besten Fänge wurden mit jeweils 3,5 Korb im Ostzipfel des EG-Meeres, im sogenannten "Bermuda Dreieck", und südlich von Nexö auf jeweils 72 m Wassertiefe erzielt. Im großen und ganzen war der Dorsch im Wassertiefenbereich zwischen 50 und 75 m des Bornholm Beckens recht gleichmäßig verteilt.

Key to the identification of the naupliar instars of the genus Cyclops. [Translation from: Arb.biol.Stat.Kossino 5 31-39, 1927. ]

This is a short excerpt of the original paper giving the key to the identification of the naupliar instars of the genus Cyclops.

Key to the identification of the naupliar instars of the genus Cyclops. [Translation from: Arb.biol.Stat.Kossino 5 31-39, 1927.]

This is a short excerpt of the original paper giving the key to the identification of the naupliar instars of the genus Cyclops.

On the structure of the seminal receptacle in cyclopids (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod (6) 26-31, 1970.]

The seminal bag, or seminal receptacle, forms a characteristic organ of cyclopids, serving for retention of the sperms discharged from the spermatophores. The structure of the seminal receptacle, more precisely its form, is fairly widely used in diagnosis and undoubtedly can be more widely applied in the systematics of the group. Within the limits of the family Cyclopidae it is possible to distinguish crustaceans with three basic types of seminal bag. The differences consist of the position which this organ occupies in the genital segment. of one species, we carried out a series of observations on its formation in ontogenesis and during the life of the adult stage. As material for observation the study used laboratory cultures of three species; Acanthocyclops americanus (Marsh) from the plankton of the Moscow River, Cyclops vicinus Uljan and Mesocyclops leuckarti Glaus from the plankton of the channel section of the upper part of the Gorkovsk reservoir. The author concluded that the irreversibility of the changes in the seminal receptacle presents the possibility of utilising this structure as one of the indicators of the growth of the individual.

Application of algal bioassays in the determination of eutrophic power of waste water (”Conclusions” only) [Translation from: 1g.Sanita pubbl. 31 257-267, 1975]

The best evidence for establishing the level of eutrophy of a water-body is its algal production which makes it possible to identify the type and the intensity of the eutrophication according to the kind and number of algal species present: when the number of algae exceeds half a million per litre then one speaks o an ”algal bloom”. The scope of the present research aims to verify if the alga Selenastrum capricornutum can be used as a test alga under our culture conditions and to determine the eutrophic level of the secondary effluent of a modern plant for the treatment of domestic discharge and to investigate the eventual ”limiting factors”. Finally this paper aims to study the effect on the secondary effluent of tertiary treatment carried out artificially in the laboratory.

A simple method for counting bacteria with active electron transport system in water and sediment samples [Translation from: Kiel. Meeresforsch. 31(2) 83-86, 1975]

Description of a simple method for counting bacteria with active electron transport systems in water and sediment samples. Sodium succinate, NADH and NADPH served as electron donors. It is possible to see several sites of electron transport in the larger cells. Especially impressive are the plankton-algae, protozoa, and small metazoa. This is a partial translation of the ”method” section only.

Selective plankton feeding by the coregonid ”bondella” (Coregonus sp.) of Lake Maggiore [Translation from: Translation from: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 31 181-203, 1974]

In recent times, some specialists have begun to study the subject of food selection of fish in an organized way, thus highlighting its importance. In the present work, the author intends to evaluate the impact of predation on the eupelagic zooplanktonic biocenosis of Lake Maggiore, producing, in this way, as far as possible, a basis for a better understanding of the population dynamics of the species of zooplankton directly involved. Another aspect which has been studied is that related to the mechanism of selective capture set in action by the predator. To this end the study tries to bear in mind that the subject should be interpreted as a function of numerous factors acting contemporaneously, that is as the interaction of characters peculiar to the predator and to the prey. The species studied, locally called ”bondella”, belongs to the family Salmonidae, subfamily Coregoninae and was introduced into Lake Maggiore in 1950.

Studies on the submerged plant community in Lake Biwa. I. Distribution and productivity of Egeria densa. A submerged plant invader in the south basin [Translation from: Physiol.Ecol.Japan 17, 283-290, 1976]

Egeria densa (PLANCH.) ST. JOHN, a submerged plant invader, forms a wide submerged plant zone, particularly along the west coast of the south basin, Lake Biwa. The macrophyte occupies over 82% of the plant zone in the basin and its biomass reaches 93% of the total. The estimated annual net production was approximately 1 kg dry wt./m2 in a dense area, which is about 4.5 times as much as the net production by phytoplankton in an offshore area of the basin. Although the area covered by the macrophyte is only 5.8% of the total of the basin, it produced about one-tenth of the total annual primary production. In the most productive season Egeria produced 46% of the total primary productivity. Thus, the macrophyte never be neglected when one considers the energy flow or material circulation in the basin. This study was initiated in order to clarify the role of submerged macrophytes, particularly E. densa, in Lake Biwa. The following points are reported in this paper: the distribution of macrophytes in the south basin; seasonal change in standing crop of E. densa; seasonal change in values related to production, utilizing a model proposed by Ikushima with its parameters experimentally determined.

Optical properties of the organic substances from aqueous humus surface waters. [Translation from: Gidrochim. Mat. 23, 31-35, 1955]

Dissolved organic matter, especially turf and peat, is repsonsible for the colouration of water. The reported study tried to determine the nature of the colouring agent or organic matter by the establishment of a relationship between the intensity of colouration and the total organic matter content. 44 waters from different sources were examined.

31. Sitzung des FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Komitees für Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse in Tromsø, Norwegen

Die Sitzung zeigte in diesem Jahr einmal mehr sehr deutlich, dass einzelne Länder bei bestimmten Fisch und Fischerzeugnissen konkrete wirtschaftliche Interessen verfolgen und versuchen, diese in die Gestaltung bzw. die Formulierung der Codex-Standards, sofern es möglich ist, einfließen zu lassen. Insbesondere zu Beginn der Ausarbeitung eines neuen Standardentwurfs steht die Frage nach dem globalen Handel im Vordergrund. Als Hauptkriterien für einen neuen Standard gelten die aktuelle, internationale wirtschaftliche Bedeutung des Fisches oder Fischerzeugnisses, bestehende wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse über dieses Erzeugnis und die Notwendigkeit einer Qualitäts-und Risikoeinstufung.

Campagne Chalci 79-01 (13/3/1979-31/3/1979): résultats des chalutages

In the line of the Chalci campaigns 78-01 and 78-02, the aim of this campaign too was the trawl exploration of the Ivoirian continental shelf at the depth of 10 to 120 metres.